it is 1:00 p.m. in the french capital, 7:00 a.m. in washington, d.c. we are live from paris. at least 60 dead in southwestern pakistan after a coordinated attack on the police academy in quetta. the islamic state group is putting up severe resistance as they cling to their iraqi stronghold in mosul.

and the second day of evacuations in the calais jungle cap. camp.ais jungle but first, to pakistan, where at least 60 people have been killed and more than 100 wounded after an attack on a police academy in quetta. it is unclear at this stage who is behind the assault, which lasted around five hours. our correspondent has this report. morning,in the pakistani security personnel were still on high alert outside a police training academy in quetta. gunfire was heard throughout the night as masked gunmen with explosive vests stormed to the

facility. several hundred trainees were on the base at the time. security forces arrived at the training center within 20 minutes. the attack lasted five hours. in the end, several dozens were killed and many more injured. this cadet survived by jumping from off the roof of the building before fleeing. >> three or four of them came into our dormitory, barged in and fired at blank range. we started swimming and running around. then i ran upstairs. >> security agencies say the assault was well coordinated with the gunmen attacking the police training center from five different points. authorities say one of the assailants was killed by security forces and two others died detonating their explosive vests. one of the region's top military commanders believes the attack took place outside the country -- was planned from outside the country. withni extremist group

ties to al qaeda has a history of carrying out attacks in the region. i asked a correspondent earlier if he knew more about who was behind the attack. >> there are conflicting reports as to the claim of who carried out this attack some of the reports suggest that the islamic state has tried to claim responsibility and their own dissemination of information to the media. i also received in the mail from , and normally i do get emails from the pakistani taliban, but this time around it was a ttp karachi group that emailed from an email aggress -- from an emailer just that they do not normally use. -- from an time,

email address that they do not normally use. that the situation -- from what i understand, from what we were talking with security analysts here, they say it is the same group of people, the same group of militants which brand theselves as sometimes taliban in pakistan, and they have been rebranding themselves as the islamic state in pakistan. given allegiance to the i.s. in syria and iraq, so they are the ones and they are .eavily present in baluchistan halla: that assault happened in the baluchistan region. mark thompson tells us more is atthis region, why it

the center of these antigovernment attacks. country's largest and richest province, but it is also one of pakistan's those dangerous. baluchistan is a hotbed of antigovernment sentiment, and repeat targets of militant attacks. many of the victims, shia muslims and other religious annuities, and soldiers. the problem is that quetta has long been a base for the afghan taliban, but the pakistani i military believes it is -- other regions include the balochistan liberation army. based in the mountains, they are fighting to succeed that they are fighting secede from pakistan. locals say they are not reinvested in the area. local analysts believe that is the reason rebels are gaining support from residents.

>> with the support of the people, they are gaining ground. they are becoming popular. it is only possible with the people's support. . co islamic state group fighters have claimed responsibility for a series of suicide attacks in quetta. among them the bombing of a quetta hospital in august, which prominent lawyers and killed 74 people. despite the attacks, violence has declined in recent years following a series of military offensives. residents feel that they are under protected by the security forces. halla: at least 12 people have been killed in kenya after it extremists attacked a guest house. -- after extremists attacked a guesthouse near the somali border. to a talk -- it

appeared to target non-muslims. retribution has been vowed on -- a after the islamic state group has extended its reach with security sources, claiming the group has retaken half of the border town in western embarq province. analysts say the offensive -- in the western and bar province. where extremists are fighting , with thece offensive iraqi army and kurdish fighters. we had this update. >> on the eastern front of peshmerga, still retaking a crucial town. we spoke to one of the generals, who told us that town is now completely surrounded but at this in time, fighters from the islamic state group and the villages around have fallen back on it in an attempt to defend the town.

noways the peshmerga are concentrating their efforts and that they will retake it in the next couple of days. in the same place we are in and at the same time, it is only 10 to 15 kilometers away from mosul. advancing,iraqi army and it had been thought that they would coordinate between the eastern and southern fronts. both of those iraqi movements toward mosul, that they would enter the city at the same time. but at this moment, on the eastern front, it is so much closer to mosul, probably only six or seven kilometers. the eastern front may continue to advance to mosul on its own. says the first report from islamic state group atrocities around mosul are starting to emerge. some 50 former police officers have been killed. the butter so -- the bodies of a further 70 villagers have been killed.

french president francois hollande is planning a meeting of the islamic state coalition in paris this hour. any senior defense ministers from the u.s. to australia are in attendance. this is coming as the battle for mosul in tents if i is. we will be -- for mosul intensifies. stay in france -- the calais jungle camp clearances continuing today. on on were evacuated monday and have been transferred to reception centers all across france. officials are hoping to start tearing down the first of the shanty town structures this afternoon, but the process is moving rather slowly. ,e go to our correspondent catherine norris-trent, who is at the jungle in calais. thank you very much for joining us, catherine. and you let us know how that camp clearance is caressing?

catherine: the clearance of the migrant camp known as the jungle is progressing, but slowly. as of midday this tuesday, another 656 migrants were told -- were bused away from the center, and about 139, miners put intoren, were shelters. it is progressing so far mainly calmly. there has not been the balance -- the violence we saw back in the spring in other attempts to clear the jungle. there have been isolated scuffles, but things are going quite steadily. authorities have been set to capnd -- to dismantle the current as of tuesday to dismantle the camp. there are information sessions going on in the camp itself,

calling on migrants to leave the camp as soon as they can. some are a bit confused and skeptical about what is happening. at this stage they are trying to get people out of their tents and on to the buses before they start pulling out the houses. the authorities say they are deliberately attending to avoid clashes. halla: you mentioned it is much calm her this time -- much calmer this time around. why would you say there is this different approach to clearing the camp? it is ae: i think deliberate decision by authorities because they want to pull this off as calmly as possible and they are trying to make conditions as good as they can for the migrants. what we have seen so far is the easy part. we have seen migrants bused away who volunteered to go, who queued up from the early hours of the morning to try to get on those buses and get sent to

reception centers around the front. people listen to the french -- there are others in the camp who are less willing to go, who do not want to gain asylum in france, who want to keep on trying to cross the u.k. -- to cross to the u.k. if they are forced to leave, they will hang out on the streets or other squads that may spring up nearby. there could be more resistance in the days going forward, but certainly calm for now. the big test will really be to come. halla: in terms of the reaction from people in and around the passing offs smoothly with locals and residents alike? are they happy with how things are progressing? calais,e: the people of a lot of them, are tired of having a big migrant presence in or near their town. a lot of people have found that

a burden to bear. so i think there is general acceptance of what the french authorities are trying to do, that there is a lot of skepticism, too. local people have been saying they do not think this clearance will necessarily be permanent. the french government wants to shut down the jungle once and for all. people seem resigned to the fact that they think other migrant camp's or squats could spring up in the area. migrants have been coming here since the 1990's because they want to cross to the uk they do not want to stay in france. this is one of the easiest places for them to hide out in lorries or to cross the english channel. so people here are skeptical about whether that will last. even the mayor of calais says she did not think this would necessarily be permanent. authorities are really having to concentrate on what happens after the jungle itself is demolished. halla: catherine norris-trent

reporting live from the jungle in calais. we will keep crossing back to catherine and the team throughout the day as that ca mp is cleared. people are not deterred from making the dangerous journey to europe. as the migrants continue to come, the death rate in the mediterranean has continued to rise. in fact, this year it has increased threefold, according to the u.n. refugee agency. at least 3700 40 people have been drowned in the mediterranean so far this year, more than in the entire total of fatalities last year. a spokesman for the unh c said this was by far the worst ever seen in the mediterranean. government has approved plans for a third runway at heathrow airport. this despite fierce opposition from environmentalists and

residents. and even the foreign secretary, boris johnson, who has long opposed the controversial expansion. the mayor of london has also come out against the decision, saying it is the wrong decision for london and for britain. the british prime minister, theresa may, says the airport expansion is vital to the british economy. it is time now for the business news. stephen carroll is here. let's start off with the latest on those talks on the free trade agreement between the e.u. and canada. stephen: the question is whether that deal can be saved. european and canadian leaders are set to meet on thursday to assign the -- to sign the 90%ement, which will remove of trade ties between them.

build and lead the e.u. are being prevented from ratifying the deal. there is still time to rescue the agreement, but the head of the european parliament told a radio station he does not expect a decision this weekend at the summit should be pushed back. >> despite the latest hurdle, donald s and justin trudeau still believe in the e.u.-canada free-trade deal. on twitter, the european council president and the canadian prime minister hoped to find a solution before thursday's deadline. but with -- but within the e.u. ranks, the feel is not unanimous. martin schultz told the german radio he does not expect the deal to be signed this week and that thursday's summit should be postponed. it comes after belgium announced it could not sign the deal because of opposition from three .f its six regional parliaments

runs -- one such region is will oneok, where residents say they are not sorry for holding up the deal. >> it is completely undemocratic. there are no other words. it is a treaty that has been negotiated secretly for years now. when a government protests to it ison something impossible for them to agree to, they receive threats. thatwmakers worried canadian crutches letting me markets could harm the be fed pork industry. they also oppose the creation of arbitration court to settle come atment disputes saying it could give multinationals more power to sue governments. there could be future trade agreements between the u.s. or europe or china, but some announce it as a litmus test for the competitions that could arise in negotiating -- in the

complications that could arise. we're seeinghen: gains. , showingup or .5% growth in their spanish business and across the african market that they operated. the biggest percentage gains, the ftse 100, up .4% after that decision to go ahead with a controversial third runway at heathrow airport. for more business headlines -- one company getting a lot of attention is the italian act -- the italian bank mnonte paschi. isis axing 200,000 -- it axing 2600 jobs.

the plan is to return to profit i-20 19. shares are down by 10% a short time ago. approved 2.8e billion euros in bailout loans degrees. the greek government has collected more data. the payment comes after making progress on implementing controversial austerity measures, including changes to pensions and the sale of state assets. twitter is set to be preparing to announce hundreds of job cuts this week. bloomberg reports that the firm will factor in 300 jobs or 8% of its workforce. twitter has been trying to cut costs as sales growth has slowed down. you,: finally from stephen, another business idea about the u.s. presidential campaign. hillary clinton was called a nasty woman by donald trump.

says nasty women vote. she created the website the morning after the debate and had 1500 orders in the first 48 hours. overed parenthood raises $20,000. halla: lots of money spent over there. thanks so much, stephen carroll with is this news. time now for a look at the press. it is time to take a look at what is grabbing headlines. of papers are focusing on the bombing in belgium. it looks serious between the e.u. and canada. take a look at an article in "the globe and mail," wallonia'srs what is deal.

it has been putting up a fight against the treaty -- against the free-trade deal. to be the emerged would be slayer of this deal. it has been seven years in the making. it is less about what is in the agreement then it is internal to european politics. there is another interesting article that says canada has the right to be furious and it accuses e.u. leaders of being hypocritical for acting surprised area they are partially responsible for this disaster, according to this article. if the e.u. cannot conclude a trade deal with canada, then who in the world will they be able to conclude a deal with? on trade, the e.u. needs to step up and canada needs to move on if it does not work out. halla: a big story in belgium as well. flo: there is a very interesting article in the main french line which paper in belgium that says that this crisis is a lot more than just the european-canada

crisis. it is a belgian-belgian crisis. the situation has once again visions. deep di there is a small enclave fighting the men, fighting multinationals but on the other hand, it is seen as an arrogant storm, built with grim reaper, if you will. the crisis has really revealed the fact that belgium is two countries very divided. halla: news is coming out of cameroon, papers reacting to the train that the real bear on friday. derails there on friday. described how the train was massively overcrowded, and therefore being so overcrowded that they added it extra carriages.

the train was also traveling seemly fast. he also said the rescue workers were slow to arrive, so they are quite critical of the whole situation. it is a miracle that he survived. officially, about 79 people died in this accident. you can see he is saying there were hundreds of people dead, so going against that official version. it is interesting to look at the official paper in canada, the canada tribune. yesterday was a day of national mourning in cameron. they are saying that the authorities are partially responsible. flo: you have to go outside of cameroon to read these articles. one person says that for now the government is saying it is not responsible, but the state as a whole is responsible for several reasons for this article says the state is weak with respect to cam rail, the company that

operates the train. it says it basically lets camp trail do what it wants, dashcam rail do what it wants. it is irresponsible to do that. another thing that comes from this article is the reason so many people want to take the train in the first place is because the roads are completely congested between the two main cities in cameron. the reason those roads are so congested is because on the highway between these two cities, a bridge collapsed. this article says it is irresponsible to leave such a strategic road in such a mess, but it does not seem like authorities really care, according to this article, and it does not seem like it will change afterwards. that: le monde is saying the real network itself might be to blame. flo: that's right. in 1999, lamont pointed out that mondeil network was -- le

pointed out that the rail -- when the group took over, it is accused of only interested in profit making. it did not do what it could to take care of the physical rails themselves. it is said that there needs to be an ent to the impunity these kinds of multinational companies benefit from. lets end with the word on politics. a very popular story, causing a stir because he did not know the price of one of france's most famous -- he is running for primary, for the opposition party. you might say that he had a marie antoinette moment yesterday, interviewed by a viewer on a radio station, asking if he knew the

price of a very pleased -- of a very tasty pastry. , and ithe had no idea was about 10 times the price that he guessed, if you are lucky. this is justthat another politician completely cut off from reality, a slight play on words here, playing on his name. "the huffington post" comes to his defense. it was not a completely let them a cake moment because if you somelate it a certain way, do. if you buy a big bag of them from a big retailer. not the best quality, so they are probably not -- thank you for that. florence villeminot. more, of course, on this story and all the other stories we are covering for you on "france 24."

to our website, france24.com, where you can find all of the press reviews on the website. this is "france 24."

announcer: this is a production of china central television america. may: sustainability is in, and it's shaping trends all across the board, from agriculture to fashion and gourmet dining. this week on "full frame," a look at the tastiest, chicest, and coolest ininnovations inin sustainability. i'm may lee in los angeles. let's take it "full frame." may: so, what do you need to grow thriving crops? soil, sun,

water, right? well, maybe not. what if you could grow crops with little to no water? jill farrant is a professor and research chair in the department of molecular and cell biology at the university of cape town in south africa, and she's currently leading the development of drought tolerant crops. now, they're called resurrection plants because they can survive in a drought and d then resurrect themselves when they are irrigated. further developments of these plants can help provide solutions for feeding populations in dry and arid climates around the world. farrant's research has received international praise, and in 2012 she was a recipient or the l'oreal unesco award for women in science. joining us from cape town to tell us more about the potential impact of her research is jill farrant. welcome to the show, jill. great to have you here. jill: thank you. thank you for inviting me on. may: well, jill, let's first start off with your childhood, because i know that your interest in the outdoors and plants began at a very early age, and you spent a lot of time outside. i know there's one

story where you went outside once, you saw a dry plant, and then the next day it rained and it was all vibrant again. you went home and told your dad and he said that's impossible. tell me a little bit about that moment for you. jill: interesting moment, because obobviously i was a very observant child, observant because weather drove the mood in our home. my father was a farmer, and if it wasn't raining, that was a problem, 'cause the crops wouldn't be watered. if it was raining with hail, that was a problem, because then the crops would be damaged. so, being observant, i actually noticed this dead-looking plant, um, came back and saw it resurrected the nextxt daywrotote it in my 9-yearldld diary, anfoforgot ababout it, toe e honest, fofory years later. but there was one thing i--wn n i discoverered the fact that someone else had published about this many, many years later, i said, wow, i wonder if that's what i noticed, and, yes, it was. may: so, at that point, then, when you realized that there was something to this, this idea of resurrection plants, is that

when you decided, all right, i'm gonna go and research this and see what this is all about and maybe it could lead to something new? jill: yeah, absolutely. the moment i got the understanding of how these plants could lose all of their water, remain in that desiccated state for years before--and still be alive enough to when water comes to resurrect and start growing within 12 hours, i knew that this was a potential solution to droughts, and wasn't aware at the time, though, to what extent drought would be happening in my country. and with africa being a rain fed agriculture, this is a crisisis for us at t the mome, so, yeah, , i'vevery lucky t thi actually s started to do t this search some 22 yearsrs ago. may: and you've kept at it. well, jill, since i'm not a scientist and most of our viewers are probably not scientists, can you explplain to us in layman's terms how a resurrection plant actually works. jill: how do they work? um, the

big trick is that most living organisms go under a lot of stress if they lose water. the resurrection plants, when they first start to feel a drought, immediately perceive that somewhere down the line that it might be something that they might have to lose more water than they really want to at this point, turn on a whole lot of genes, which actually facilitate a vevery safe loss of that wata, protecting membranes, protecting all sorts of things that normally fall apart when there is no water in the environment. and the nature of my research, really, is that there are other models out there that do this. most of our crops, most of our plants, produce seeds that can dry down to very low water content and yet survive and restorore germplplasm as seeds. so the phenomenon is not often seen i in most plalants in vegetativeve tissues, but it isn seededs. now, what i h have discovered is--and lots of collaborators who work with me--

is that in fact what resurrection plants do is they use those pre-existing seed genes that are already in the genome, they just switch them on in vegetative tissues when that's normally silenced in a crop. and so the whole trick, i guess i'm telling you where i think you might go for my next question, the whole trick is right now, how do resurrection plants switch on those genes in their roots and leaves? can we mimic that in a crop so that when water loss--when drought becomes severe, the plants simply dry down and wait for the next rain. may: so now that's what--that is at the heart of your research, right? because you're basically trying to create these crops that will mimic this behavior so they can survive through, really, any kind of condition and still produce and be bearing fruit, right? jill: that's exactly what we're trying to do. i know that there are people out there going, oh, how productive will this plant be if it's spending a lot of its time in the dry state? and it's a very real question that we need to answer. but the reality

is that as long as there's water, this plant will pick up, start growing, and--initially, at least, a little bit faster than it would have done beforehand, almost to make up for the lost time. so in a season where there's sufficient rain, we will have absolutely the normal yield we would always have. in a season with a drought, we will still have a good year. in a season with an extended drought, we will still have a crop. it might not be fantastic. may: wow. so it can produce no matter what the conditions are, with very little water or plentiful water. that's fascinating. and also you said it doesn't take as long as the normal crop. jill: well, you know, depending on where we're trying to put this, if you're going to put it into an annual, which is a crop which will only grow for a short amount of time, in order to get a lot of seed for us to eat, um, we would--we would have to maintain that that plant can continue to grow even in a time where it would not normally be designed a normal environmental conditions. but what i'm

thinking's gonna happen, certainly here, is that normal environmental conditions aren't really going to prevail for most of the time. we're going to have extended droughts, a lot of heat. these plants withstand all of that. we will also get a lot of cold and a lot of wet. and so what we're trying to do, i think, in the long term, is to get a very resistant, a resilient crop, a crop that will do well under hydrated conditions but actually won't die under the more extreme conditions. may: and, jill, you know, these days we hear so much about the issue of global warming, climate change, these extreme weather conditions that we're having, and one of them being drought. uh, the lack of water. so, if we don't try to pursue things like you're working on, what are we looking at. what's the dire future? i mean, i use that word, but i think that's probably what eveverybody figures--it could be very dire if we don't dodo something about it. jill: yeah. you know, i think what i'm potentially offering is only one of the many other solutions that really have to be evolved. there are going to be

areas on our planet where it will be much more conducive to being the "bread baskets" of the world. and i guess what we must do is capitalize on those areas and this food must be shared. then in areas where you're going to have extended droughts, we're going to have to have local food security and subsistence farmers start growing the crops that are way more drought tolerant. my idea is to actually inter-crop these. to actually use cereals with protein, rich seeds, and things like that, so that the subsistence farmer has a balanced diet that comes out, over a year, with various crops that can actually grow through various seasons to be productive at the right time. may: jill, i know that the estitimates for you is that you want these crops to actually be fully functional through your experimentation in about 10 years' time. so is that realistic at this point in your research? jill: it's realistic dependent on one condition, that i get enough money to do this. and i think scientists all around the

world always say, well, we just don't have enough money. we don't have enough money. um, and, of course, collaborators and myself now kind of know-- we think we know what we need to do. it's a matter of getting the money and doing it. we are writing grants and doing all sorts of things. but given the right amount of money to complete what we think we need to do, i give proof of concept 5 years, roll out by 10. may: ok. and, um, jill, in terms of what this potentially could do, uh, for world hunger and providing the proper nutrition to parts o of the world that we all know are suffering from extrememe poverty and huhunger,, is this--is this the answer? jill: as i said before, i think it's one answer. we're gonna have to be very creative in other ways of producing food, too. um, i--i'm hesitant to say that this is gonna be a great solution for all of africa. i

think it's going to be a small solution, a small drop in an ocean that we really need to do a lot more with it. sorry, i'm feeling a bit--it's late at night for me. i beg your pardon, i'm stumbling a bit. may: that's ok. well, jill, let me ask you this, then. once you are through with this research, because you're saying about 5 or 10 years' time, what's going to be next for you? what's on the horizon? jill: uh, i'm one of those people who can never say no to a new challenge. one of the big things that we're going to be facing in africa--and i think worldwide, too--is soil stress. because as the soils get more dry, you get a lot of increased salinity and irons and things accumulating. so one of the things we are starting to look at is cross-talk between stresses. cross-talk between water, deficit stress drought, soil stress, because often that will go hand in hand. so, even as we speak, we are starting to look at things like that. for me, personally, um, i don't know

if i'll ever retire, but my dream is to use south african plants, and we have an enormous amount of variety here, for medicinal purposes, to try and start letting people be able to grow plants that can be used for food and medicine. may: jill, you know, i'm curious. uh, some people might look at what you're doing right now, uh, with manipulating, you know, these resurrection plants and trying to figure out how they work, and the final product being sort of frankenstein creation, uh, because you're manipulating so many things. uh, is that the case? are these actually safe? jill: it's a question that everyone asks simply because the perception that genetically modified organisms or genetically modified crops are going to be "frankenfood." i feel that the discipline has been given a very bad rap, because it can be exceptionally safe. the ethical reason for what you're doing--what you're doing, using the technology for is what should the dririving the answer. um, so, yes, of course,

there can be, and i think with all the concern that's around now, we're making sure that they are safe at all l levels before they're released to the public. again, long-term trials have to be done. we might be eating these things for 10 years and find that there's something crazy happens to us. i doubt it. but, you know, those are the things that we have to face every day. and some of the technology being developed, for example, to make meat, stem cell research from beef, you know. is that safe? don't know. but working on an animal seems more desirable, and if i may say, than working on a plant, in most people's eyes. i think--i really think that plants being the base of the food chain, we really need to look after our plants. may: and, jill, from the scientific community, have you gotten positive feedback? are theyey liking whatat you're doi? jill: in the main, yes. most scientists understand what i'm trying to do and how i'm trying to do it, and they applaud that. um, so, yeah, i've had very little criticism, other than people saying to me, well,

you're going to make gmo foods. how is that going to affect us? may: hmm. ok. jill, you have some plants in front of you on the desk. can you tell me what you have? jill: so the very dry-looking twigs here is a resurrection plant which has gone green in 12 hours, 'cause i've put some of those twigs into water. so just to show how rapidly this happens, this plant's been--i harvested them two years ago, dry. so they are still very much alive. and it's just one of the many species i work with. this one has got a fancy name, as they all do, called myrothamnus flabellifolius, or alias the resurrection bush. um, it's got a lot of--well, most of these resurrection plants have incredible chemicals in them which protect against the various stresses they have to survive. and so a tea, why i brought this one particularly, because a herbal health tea has also been made from the leaves, which is good for stomach complaints apparently. high in anti-oxidants. may: so, jill, that's amazing. so you harvested those dry

plants two years ago, but then you resurrected them within 12 hours. that's amazing. jill: absolutely. it is s amazi. i think that, to me--if anyone is interested, there's some videos on my website whehere it actualally shows you the t time lapse of t these things going fm the extremely dry state to full up and healthy within 12 hours. may: wow. that is incredible. well, jill, thank you so much for joining g us today fascinatating stuff yoyou're do. jill: you're welcome. cheers. may: well, jill's work is solving a sustainability challenge on dry land, but what about food crops from the ocean? tuna, shrimp, tilapia, and salmon are among the most popular seafood eaten around the world, but that's also been their downfall. these once plentiful species are now dwindling because of our over-consumption over the last 30 years. now, recognizing the depleting supplies, chefs around the globe are experimenting with new, lesser known types of abundant seafood, often referred to as trash fish by fishermen

unable to sell them. "full frame's" mike walter takes a look at this growing trend. [sea birds calling] mike: their hunt begins before dawn. for the past week, these commercial fishing boats harvested the sea floor, searching for the best catch. today their efforts are paying off. [horn beeps] bert: i mean, today we're selling pollock for 3.50 a pound, which was unheard of 20 years ago. it was like 5 cents a pound. so the value of our fish seems to have increased the past 5 to 10 years pretty strongly. mike: for years, popular fish like atlantic cod and haddock were the staples for new england

fishermen. but overfishing and environmental changes drastically reduced these fish in their nets. instead, they were catching what's called trash fish, species like redfish, pollock, and hake that only sold for pennies at the dock, earning them the nickname. that's when chefs, fishermen, and scientists came together to determine how to fill the culinary void. rauni: the fishermen would suggest a species to a chef, and the chef would s say, "oh, i d't think so. i don't find that delectable." or, you know, "that's going to break my knives," or, "that's too difficult to handle." and then the chefs would suggest a species that was also under utilized and the fishermen would say, "well, that's too far out. it's going to cost us too much money to bring in." or, "it's too difficult. we have to brine it or ice it or whatever, so we're not going to be able to be profitable." mike: eventually, they settled

on the under loved fish that would work for both chef and fishermen, starting a broader trend in the u.s., using species in the kitchen that are more abundant in the sea. jen: i think the real trend is in understanding why it's in season, what's bountiful, and basically eating with the ecosystem and adapting and understanding how to work with the seafood and the species that mother nature makes available to us. mike: at the inn by the sea near portland, maine, they understand and they are adapting. you'll always find under utilized fish on the restaurant's menu at this luxury waterfront resort. steve: we incorporate it in our lunch menu every day in the form of hake tacos. we're certainly working to help, you know, promote the common men, the common fishermen, and d reay the backbone of what the econony of maine once was, especially here in southern maine along the gulf.

mike: now maine's fishermen hope more diners will embrace the seafood ththey catch, , no mattr what the species or ninaname, and he ushern culina trends that wiwill keep the fishing boats afloat and the seas harvest abundant. for "full frame," this is mike walter. may: coming up next, trendy fashions with an environmental conscience. we'll be right back. may: our next guests are on a mission to return clothing manufacturing to its makers and to utilize and innovate sustainable, environmentally sound production practices. from their first biodegradable espadrilles to their bolivian alpaca sweaters

and dramatic dye colors made fromom organic materials in ind, industry of all nations is creating clothing with a conscience and connecting their products with the people making them. founded by brothers patricio, juan, and fernando gerscovich in 2010, the company blends their love of design with their eye for fashion and passion for creativity. here to share more about their sustainable, ready-to-wear tale are juan and fernando gerscovich. welcome to the show. thank you u so much. fernando: thank you. juan: hi, may. may: and your other brother is missing, right? he is in miami. juan: yeah, pat is in miami. may: ok. ok. well, tell me. how did 3 brothers from argentina decide all of a sudden that they are going to go into sustainable clothing and then source it from around the world? because i think you two are trained architects, right? juan: yeah, yeah. may: so, frorom architect to clothing, how did that happen? juan: well, it happened--i think it happens--a lot of ingredients that created this formula for us to create industry of all nations. our parents--our parents are--were

fashion designers in buenos aires. so we grew up in the fashion business, in a way. apart from being a--being trained architects, we be in other ways--we had a very entrepreneurial way of living and philosophy in our brains and hearts. and we've been always very curious about brands and how people consume and how people sell and buy. and--so, there was a point that as consumers, we were getting so unexcited and it was--it was, like, not making sense to us that every time we want to buy something and we would look where it was made, it was made just in--like, only in china or maybe in a--in a few countries in southeast asia. being that every country in the world produces or used to produce, but for some reason--not for some reason, because just for the reason that it was in that country it was more cost effective, people are paid less. fernando: cheaper.

may: yeah, of course. yeah. juan: yeah. so, see, also, it's very--see, also it's very--every brand decided to carry all productions in every country and take it there where it's cheap, where it's more affordably made. may: mm-hmm. because companies just worried about the bottom line, right? it's--they just want to save money, and then they want to produce it really quickly to get it out. juan: yeah. may: right? juan: exactly. may: yeah. fernando: and it became--it became normal for us. let's say for the past 50 years that clothes were just made in one part of the world. and the truth is as humans, we--we're used to make things, you know, collectively. make things, buy things, use things, so that's what we realize that, hey, we need to start making things again. may: and care about what was being made, right? it's about the quality and how it's made and, you know, the people who

are making it. so, obviously, your company is about trying to source those products that are actually being made by real people. juan: yeah, yeah. because, you know what, we're buying--the way they're buying, like, orphan products. people that are--product that are made by people who have no idea what they're making. one day they're making wool, it's the same company. one day making watches. there, they're making raincoats. there, they're making boots. we have no connection to what they're--to what they're making. may: oh, the connection, yeah. juan: no connection whatsoever. fernando: yeah, that's super important. that the work as a--as a basic activity that we do, it has to have meaning for us. otherwise, it's complete nonsense. may: well, that's obviously why you started this company that has such depth to it, right? let's talk about how you go back-- juan: yeah, i mean, you explain very well. no, it's like, basically, the main thing is to brining productions baback to the--to the original makers. may:y: to the makers, right. to the makers. well, , let's talk about-- juan: yeah, that''s when i it all--t-that's s how it all star. mamay: let's talk aboutut how yu

find those products, right? i mean, you go all over the world to try to find these products. for instance, why did you choose bolivia to go and get these alpaca sweaters? fernando: yeah. so, talking about wool. no clothes to wear during the winter. there is--there is--bolivia, peru, this part of the world in the andes mountains, it's part of their tradition. families there, they've been breeding alpacas or llamas for generations. and it was a matter of connecting the dots, discovering them, working with them, and make their craft available for the rest of the world. and in the case of this specific project, the alpaca project in bolivia, it's a great example of the overalinindust of f al nations'ononceptit''s creaeang the deded vae ofof, s,

the places he e thei-thehey e gift w with w mamateals, f f exame, o or th manufacturing techquques. w, i in is casas we work with this opoperate. there e e 1,00farmrmer they allwnwn a pce o of nd. theyllll bre theheirlpacasas and enen, thwholole cle contin f from e lalandf the alpa, , whertheyey're breeding, alththe wato the fishshed pductct, ke an alpaca sweater.nd t th'ss creangng thavalulue the w wle process from the raw material all the way to the finished product. that's a great thing that can happen and that's how our susupply chain worksks. may: so, it's full circle. juan: it's a full circle. yeah. may: like, you were saying, juan, i mean, there's a connection there with everything. juan: yeah, and that's what we aim in every product. in most of the products that we--how do you say it? most of the products that we-- fernando: approach. juan: we approach is to go and

produce with the people who grow the fiber,rereed t aninima. instead , , likejustst gbbingg what they--wt t theyrow w wi their landndnd takit s somhere to produ i it. n letet's ininude those pelele apa frorom,ike, makinghehe rawatereria makinin the finish p produ. may: andt t muste grgratying for them tacactual seeee fm startoto finh whwhathey're doing r r yourompapanynsteadad of, keke, yosaidid, ey--alalof a sudden, thr r mateal i is st taken d d theyave e nodea what's s happing.g. fernando: ye. . it's s grifyingg and it's economiclyly perct becae thenenou have,ike, this whole chain of people of the community that are involved in the process. not only--not only of exporting the raw material, but the mill where theyrocess t wool, the knitte t that it the eaeatersso, , th you h he this full cilele andt'- juanyeyeah, at''s realal how all the y y fromy lilitt commitity to couount. the e y communities d d counies s ca thrive wheththey c mananufture with what th p produ frorom

theilaland. may: and he'e'the e otr befit that ieally ve about at you guydo is at ther's a stainality top and issue of how sometimes clothes--oftentimes, how clothes are manufactured. terrible for the environment. really wasteful. there's no concern for anything but just getting it out and making that money and then just leaving. juan: yeah. so, that's a--that's a whole other aspect that we take in consideration as much as this conversation that we're having, no. how production needs to start being more sustaiainab. and we need--we start--we need to forget to make, like, things, like, fast and cheap for a big profit. may: because here's an example that is on your website. i watched a video of the organic dyes that are used in india. righ i it's memesmizing.g.his video, i--itasas likart-t--i was like artrkrk wating g the guys make this dyerom m ornic marial. tell me thimimportce of using tho t type dyeyes versushehe conntioionaway ofof dyeing mererial.

juan: ye. . wellit a allit all--before e e indurialal revoluti----indurialal volution i thinkt was s 18 or 1870beforehat, so 'm taing about,ike, a hundred ansomethinyears ag evercloth at peoplwear in this plane they re aroun ke, a biion--a bilon-- the polation othe eartwas arnd a billi people.o, these biion of pple will--thworld wod dress th clothes that witnanaturay dyes. a llion ople. the industal revolion crted chical ds. so, pple, say, found a y--clothinmaker nd a way toye verfast andery cheap. may:eah, andery dangerous, ght? juan: ich th didn'care, you knowso the plutionhat ocess wod start mang to our anet w not tak into considerion becausit was ill--evestill no no, mor portant have st and che

oducts. , when we-s soon as we arted instry of al nation the secd produc we're going to launch was we wanted to ma j jeansso w we started trying tfifigureut h how to make ans witht t pollingg and rting evybybody.o, that researchooook uso inindiand took ualall the, l lik magicic anwoworld naturalyeyes, wch was almost einct in dia. but that's erere--bore e instrialal revoluti, , thatas----ina wass a big clotngng andhey y ma for the pletet. sothatat's whwhwe wenthehere. , wewelland alal weind thisittle grp of m sciensts tryi to test and rearch to, le, bri, li, recrea all the. and the've bn like dng for 20 yrs. but 20 year body gave em a chae to reapply eir techque fo e mode world. sowhen w goin conta with th, we coected rely well th our

searchinand-- may: it's aming whathey do. juanyeahah, 's azing. y: it ally is. juan: figure t how to srt eing likeveryday wr for the modern wld. may:ight. ju: with cpletely naral es. may: a beautul colors. rnando: ah. and e--what are r partrs in ina, ey' been woing on f all these yes is basally to peect or tadapt the mienary teniques of eing wh naturadyes to e mode age whe, of cours we want to throw our clothing in the washer, dryer. may: right. fernando: and the color have to stay, and it has to washed and dried like a conventional chemical dye garment. may: yeah. fernando: so that's the big accomplishment. may: yeah, that's--that makes a difference, especially in today's society where everybody, again, wants everything quickly, everything easy, which is--leads me to my next question, which is, i think this must be the tough part for a business like yours, where we do live in a society where it's all about

fast fashion, it's all about throw away, it's all about cost. how do you convince people to change their attitude to buy your product when it's not the cheapest thing, you know, on the shelf? fernando: yeah. may: you know, but it's s about education, i suppose. but has that been a big challenge? juan: yeah. it's not the cheapest, but it's also not that expensive. may: yeah. juan: for example, we e tried to work with, like, the most like reasonable margins as we can. for example, an industry t-shirt is--like, a naturally dyed industry of one nations t-shirt is like $48, may, cocomparing to a $30 chemically dyed from fast fashion brand, or maybe a chemically dyed t-shirt from a high end brand, that probably cost like 3 times more. so, very much in price. may: right, right. but let's put it this way, you can't compete with the, you know, the big chain. fernando: yeah, i know. may: $10 a t-shirt or something like that, right? fernando: because also, that's something that--those price

point is something that--let's call them, it's an artificial value that fast fashion companies were in charge of creating. and the truth is that that's the problem, and people are realizing that. so-- may: do you think--do you see that change? fernando: yeah. may: do you see that that's a trend-- juan: yes, we see that. may: that's becoming more popular? juan: yeah, we see that also like in the shop. now we can see live the reaction of people when they-- may: in your new store, yeah. juan: yeah, when they encounter our products, the e conversation we have is incredible, no? how people are like--some people are completely aware and they come, likeke, shopping to o us becauae they know they want to, like, have a positive effect in--with their--with their bubuy. may: right. juan: but some people don't know about it. when they hear what we say and the conversations and the information, they cannot believe what's going on, , no? fernando: i mean, people that--people want to know, pepeople want to get informed. d

the process of choosing or deciding to buy something, the elements that come to the table are starting to be different. it's not just about like, oh, how it looks because it's in trend. so, we're in that prococess and pepeople e asking a lot of questions and-- may: which is great, that people are starting to become more curious, because there is one statistic that i think is so alarming that most people don't know, right. to produce one ton of cotton, it takes 200 tons of water. juan: yeah. may: right? just to produce one ton. so, things like that, how do you get that information out to the general public? you know, again, i get so mad about this. people just don't care sometimes. they tune out, so it's hard. juan: yep, not only that. for some--if people knew, no, that to wear your red t-shirt that you love, because you have a red chemical color on, you're polluting everything around the manufacturing place where

that t-shirt was made. may: right. jujuan: what would people say? may: and people live there. juan: yeah. may: people live in that area where it's being polluted. juan: people live there and that's--and that happens eveverywhere in the world. not only somewhere far away. companies, factories here in downtown l.a., they're like dyeing with poison because chemicals are poison and throwing the leftover-- the residual w waters right to the water streams. may: ok. so, you guys, then what do you think it will take to get this message to the masses? i mean, it's great that people are coming into your store asking questions, but these are people who are already are aware. juan: yeah. may: what about the totally unaware? what do you think needs to be done? juan: yeah, i think--i think the message and information, you know, be getting o out there little by little, and maybe not--maybe faster a little because now with social media and how--all the way from like a show like this that it's watched by millions of people,

and so, messages now, they--it takes very fast to spread. may: that's correct. and, juan? or, fernando, sorry. fernando: it has become such a current issue and the problem that we're facing and the pollution environment. i guess, in every aspect of what we do, our footprint of humans in this world, it has to be considered and people are aware. it's today and everybody is talking about it. so i it's up to--it's up to us, the companies and people who are making things, to give an example and to communicate how business can be better for the world and environment, for the people, for everybody. may: and that's true. it has to make business sense, too, right? you can't just do it for charity sometimes.

juan: yeah. may: sometimes, 100% charity is great, but also when it comes to a business, you have to make it work. juan: it has to. may: it has to make sense. fernando: it has to work, yes. and the process of--when you're innovating in anything, the process of making business sense, it's probably gonna be different to the type of businesses that are--that have already a formula. so, that's a process and that's--maybe the growth curve, it's slower, but it's necessary. may: as long as it's going in the right didirection. juan: yeyeah, and also is basically, we neneed to--we need to stop thinking that the only reason we need to wake up and live for is to make money. i ththink everything--i think k 's where you start. may: yeah, yeah. juan: no? i think we need to wake up and live, like, to help each other. and if you help each other well and you solve problems, well, the e money wiwl come. but the reason to make money, that shouldn't--that shouldn't--that shouldn't control it. that shouldn't be

the motive of our--of our humanity anymore. may: i love that motto. thank you so much for sharing that. and, juan and fernando, thank you so much for coming in and telling us all about your business. i think it's a fantastic thing you're doing. juan: thank you so much for inviting us. may: good luck to you. and i'll come by your store. fernando: perfect. juan: yeah, thank you very much. may: well, coming up next, solar power is still a relatively new technology, but it's already being re-innovated in clever ways w with impressive results. we'll be right back. may: according to the u.s. department of energy, the demand for electricity in the united states alone will rise by a whopping 40% by 2032. now, the result in increase in carbon emissions will post economic and environmental threats. fortunately, one company seems to have come up with an innovative way to produce this much-needed power with

the help of the sun. john conklin is president of solarwindow technologies, where a first ever electricity generating product is about to transform the world's windows into powerful conductors that generate electricity 50 times more efficiently than rooftop solar panenels. harnessising the sun's power using the existing surfaces of structures, we may soon see a time where skyscrapers and residential high rises offset their power needs by simply generating their own and even banking energy. joining us now from new york to tell us more about this new twist on solar energy is john conklin. john, welcome to "full frame." good to have you here. john: thank you very much. well, john, this is really, really actually very exciting stuff. the technology is pretty amazing. tell me first how your technology differs from traditional solar panels. john: well, solarwindow technologigies is a clean energy company. think of taking a piece

of glass, generating electricity on that glass, and putting that electricity generating glass on tall towers and skyscrapers to offset meaningful energy that those buildings demand. that's what we do. may: ok. well, all right. there's one terminology that is sort of very scientific. so i need to ask you to explain what this means. it's called photovoltaic. is that correct? john: yes, it is. may: tell me in layman's terms what that means, because this is integral part of this technology, right? john: yes, it is. photovoltaic really has two root words. "photo," meaning light and "voltaic," meaning electricity. so what we do is we take lightht energy and generate electricity on solarwindow. may: ok. now, you say that your technology is 50% more powerful than the normal solar panel technology. why is that? how

does it actually work? john: acres of glass is the best way to look at it. when we're looking at a tall tower or skyscraper, we're looking at all sides of that building. and, for example, a 50-story building has nearly 6 acres of glass. so, when we look at putting solarwindow on 6 acres of glass versus the really tiny footprint on the roof for pv or solar panels, then we have a tremendous ability to generate energy for that building, but more importantly, 6 acres of glass is a lot easier to put solarwindow on than taking up the valuable 6 acres of land that in most cities, like new york, would be very difficult. so, if you can imagine one 50-story building taking up 6 acres of land of central park, it wouldn't take very long for a few skyscrapers to use up all that beautiful space. may: right.

john: so, we're using all that acres of glass, we're not using all the acres of land. may: no, you're right, john. i mean, it would be impossible to do this in a big city y because there would be no space for it. so the idea of using existing structures, that's what's so phenomenal to me. now, tell me if i'm right about this, the flat glass industry, overall, is a hundred billion dollars, is that right? john: yes, that's correct. may: so we're talking about a huge industry already that covers all of these skyscrapers around the world. and so if we should do that in the u.s. alone, i mean, what are we talking about here? what kind of business are we talking about here? john: the markrket potential is huge. not only is it a hundred billion dollar business. in the united states alone, there's over 400 million square feet of glass in commercial buildings. and that's s also in taking t to consideration the over 5 million commercial buildings in the united states alone. so when we look at the ability of one single 50-story building to

offset meaningful energy for a building that currently doesn't have an option to do so, think of all those 5 million buildings that will have an option to generate their own electricity. may: i'm wondering, john, why hasn't anyone thought of this before? because, i mean, obviously, i would've never thought of this, and the average person would've never thought of this, but it's pretty amazing. you know, everybody thought about just rooftop, but the fact that you came up with the concept of covering an entire building. john: yeah. and really, solarwindow is a technology that's being developed for windows. we're not a tecechnology that's being developed for some other application, and then, as an afterthought, let's try to put it on window glass. since its inception, the whole concept has been talall towers and skyscrapers utilizing that vast space. but more importantly, when we look at those buildings, we want to be able to maintain the beauty of a window while making it architecturally pleasing, which has--comes in

our colors. those colors have tints that we can increase, make them darker, more transparency. that way, that gives us the ability to put this on a skyscraper and maintain the architectural beauty that these architects and the building developers and owners are heavily sought after. may: and that, john, actually, i think, is really crucial, isn't it, for this to work? oftentimes in the past, solar panels, people complained about them because they weren't aesthetically pleasing. they didn't look very good on a rooftop house, so people chose not to go with that. in this case, when i was watching some of the video, you can't even tell that this glass is on the building, right? john: that's key. transparency is an important factor. just imagine sitting in your office looking out the window at that beautiful city cape and just thinking of that window as that's the ordinary window that you've know all your life. it's a passive window, but now we're

taking that passive window and making it generate electricity. and you can't see the electricity being generated, but you still maintain that beauty. and now that window is active, producing power for your office fixtures, for building fixtures, and other functions in the building. may: right, right. got it. that's what's, i think, is amazing about this technology. but let's s talk about cost, jo, because as i mentioned before, solar panels in the past, one of the other deterrents was that they were expensive and they wouldn't get their payback in something like 5 to 7 years. what about your technology? what's the investment and then what's the payback? john: right. based on our proprietary power and financial modeling, using data that we've received for testing our modules at the united states department of e energy, nationanal renewabe energy laboratory, we took the power from those tests, modeled it in our proprietary

model and we show less than one year financial payback on a 50-story building. and the beauty of that is it's not just that economic incentive. it's got to go beyond that. first is its manufacturability. easy to manufacture, it's liquid. the other aspect of this is the cost. we need to keep the cost in such a line that it allows us to go those to those tall towers and skyscrapapers. but more importantly, it's also the environmental benefit. we're looking at 15 times the environmental benefit when compared to those same solar panels on that building, which is huge considering the importance of us controlling greenhouse gas emissions. may: well, i was just going to ask you about that, because let me just throw out some figures for you. 70% of all electricity relies on fossil fuels and 85% of u.s. greenhouse gas emissions come from those fossil fuels. so what kind of savings are we

talking about when it comes to using your technology versus, you know, traditional utilities? john: that offset is tremendous and extremely important. when we're looking at greenhouse gas emissions, we can open this up a little bit, talk about carbon footprint. we can talk about the economic incentives, but when we look at it, for example, that 50-story building has the potential to offset 2.2 million miles of vehicle emissions. that's a huge number. when we look at that small rooftop space, where that pv is up on that small rooftop, that's the equivalent of about a 176,000 miles. so 2.2 mile--million miles from a vehicle is tremendous when looking at one single skyscraper. may: that's one building. so that is incredible if you multiple that by hundreds. here's a question. what about china? you know, we all know that china has a huge greenhouse gas emissions problem. the pollution is reaching crisis

levels over there. so, is this something that you'd like to introduce to china? because, again, also there's tremendous number of skyscrapers in china all over that country and they continue to build more. the potential could be huge over there, right? john: our market strategy is global. we feel that this technology can be put in geographic locations to help a world cause of controlling greeeenhouse gas emissions, ultimately a affecting climate d climate change. so as we look at this technology, we see this as a global application having a positive favorable impact on greenhouse gas emissions. may: and, john, i should ask you, is this already being used or is this still being introduced to various developers just to see what the reaction is at this point? john: yeah. our launch is next year. so we're looking at the end of next year. and this launch is predicated on a couple

very important prerequisites. first is some important strategic industrial partners. that's key to us. they've got the ability to hit those global markets. second is raising additional capital. we are in the process of raising capital as this interview is being conducted. but more importantly, to bring it back into perspectives. there's people like bill gates, warren buffett, elon musk of tesla. we are in great company of some of the world's most energy advocates and innovators. we're using some of the brightest minds in the development of our technology and some of the most creative minds in finance to help capitalize this technology ultimately to build solarwindow, which may be perhaps one of the greatest single innovations in clean energy history.

may: i don't think that's an understatement, john, because of what i've seen and what i've heard from you. so, i bet the response from others has been the s same, excitement, thrilled that this is being introduced. john: oh, the excitement has been tremendous. and this is not just from the architects, building owners, and developer'' perspective. the excitement goes into the glass industry. keep in mind that this is one of the greatest innovations to the glass industry in over half a century. so the glass industry has just looked at this as fantastic, but we also need to look at it from the perspective of the chemical industry. our technology is chemistry. it's chemistry in the making, chemistry making electricity. so there's many industries that have brought this with great excitement and we're excited to be innovating. may: and do you think, john, that this is going to change the world in terms of the way

people build, but also more importantly, the environment? john: well, we certaininly hope so. we have put tremendous effort into solarwindow. we have tremendous outreach. we truly enjoy working with some of our strategic partners in some of our discussions. and all of that is the planning for a clean energy technology like solarwindow on a global outreach to help in a global perspective. may: well, john, it was a pleasure talking to you and hearing all about your company, and the technology is pretty amazing stuff. so congratulations to you. john: thank you so much. may: all right. we'll be right back with a look at a raging debate about sustainability solutions in our food supply.

may: the world's oceans, lakes, and rivers are feeling the strain of overfishing. dwindling supplies of some fish species have led to a rise in aquaculture, or the farming of fish and plants. so o what's the difference between fish and aquatic plants raised on a farm and those caught or grown in the wild? and is one really better than the other? "full frame's" mike walter dives deeper into this debate in portland, maine. mike: just before sunrise. matt: yeah. today we're harvesting. we're gonna do about a half a ton of mussels, just a little harvest today. mike: they leave the city far behind. matt moretti and his crew head out to their crops i n

the casco bay, just off the coast of portland, maine. matt: we harvest year round. we're going about twice a week right now. mike: but instead of using a tractor on this 3-acre farm, they'll use their hands, slowly easing up ropes that dangle high above the ocean floor. matt: the mussels are suspended off the bottom, so there's a bunch of predators in the bottom like crabs and starfish, lobsters that love to eat mussels. mike: these are bangs island mussels. matt: bangs island mussels are--it's our brand of farm-raised mussels that we grow here in casco bay. they are started in the wild and finished by us. mike: while these farm-raised mussels are similar to those caught in the wild, there are differences. matt: there's practically no grits or pearls in the mussels,

which you do find in wild mussels sometimes, but a lot more meat per mussel. so the meat inside the shell is gonna be bigger. i think it's gonna be sweeter and have better flavor. there are known pretty much throughout the nation as really high quality, excellent mussels. mike: farming seafood in a controlled setting as opposed to harvesting catch from the sea is known as aquaculture. the practice accounts for roughly half of the seafood production around ththe globe. china, by far, is s the largest producer. whe e experts say there's little taste difference between the two, and nutritionally they're very similar, there is debate over whether wild caught or farm-raised is better for the environment. when it comes to traditional fishing, the question becomes, it is

sustainable or destructive? gary: the only way we' gonna have a sustainable seafood industry in the united s statess by the addition of aquaculture. it will never happen again by all wild stocks. we will a alwas rely on other countries to produce our seafood if we don't produce it ourselves. mike: former commercial fishing lobsterman gary moretti now co-owns bangs island mussels with his son matthew. gary says because the world's fish stocks are strained, the production of farm-raised seafood, like his mussels, will only increase. gary: this is a possibility of growing the highest level

protein with the least impact to the environmnment, and we don't have a choice anymore. mike: but not all aquacultures are good. some have had a negative impact on the environment. in n the case f shrimp farming, its development in the 1980s destroyed widespread areas of mangrove forest and caused coastal deterioration because of waste. it's an issue u.s. aquaculture expert michael rubino, a former shrimp farmer, is concerned about. michael: we've learned a lot in the past 2 20 or 30 years about what t to do and what not to doo that we can avoid negative issues and focus on the positive. so in the u.s. now, a and in some other countries, we have what i i migt call smart aquaculture with

the fishing technology where there isn't any waste and where we've got informed regulations, good regulations, that both allow the aquaculture industry to expand, but also protects our environment and allow us for healalthy oceansns. mike: exexperts say with wild fh catches stagnant across the globe and the world's growing population eating more and more seafood, expect the gap to be filled with farm-raised options. michael: but the market is so huge and the demand for seafood is so important that we neneed o complement that wild catch with responsible and sustainable aquaculture. mike: aquaculture that when carefully managed can feed billions of people and keep the world's waters healthy. for "full frame," this is mike walter. may: and that is it for this week. join the conversation with

us on social media. we are cctvamerica on twitter, facebook, anand youtube. and now you can watch "full frame" on our new mobile app available worldwide on any smart phone for free. get the latest news, headlines, and connect to us on facebook, twitter, youtube, and weibo. search cctv america on your app store to download today. all of our interviews can still also be found online at cctv-america.com. and let us know what you'd like us to take full frame next. simply email us at fullframe@cctv-america.com. until then, i'm m may lee in los angeles. we'e'll see youou next time.

>> was it a conscious decision or a momentary lapse ofof reas? how did progress take priority over humankind? how could the desire for a modern way of life that threatens our future be considered a way of life? could it be we are connected to all things in the universe, not the center of it? that suburbsbs in los anangeles affect the melting ice caps of antarctica? deforestation in the congo affects the typhoons of japan? now we must face the insurmountable challenges for what they really are, opportunities to reinvent and redesign. "e2: the economies of being enenvironmentally consnscious."