debra: next up, it's the pandemic that has touched millions--aids. 30 years aftter the first confirm c cases appeared, whwhere are we now? and what's working in hiv prevention? find out in a spealal rept frfromsi andd vwchange.g. announcer: "viewchange" is about people m making real progress in tackling the e world's tought issues. can a story change the world? see for yourself in "viewchange: hiv prevention-- looking back and moving forward." debra: i'm debra messing, ambassador for psi. it's been 30 years since the centers for disease control l confirmed tthe firirst cases of hihiv in the united states. since 1981, more than 30 million

people around the world have died of aids-related causes, particularly in the developing world, where the disease has devastated entire families, communities, and generations. but thanks to the e medical advancement of anti-retro viral therapy and progress in prevention, saving lives is now possible. aid groups and governments have been working hard to bring innovative hiv prevention methods and tools to scale. and it's working. in mozambique, one young relationship counselor is getting creative. working with a a local radio show, she's finding g ways to make condoms exciting, and even sexy. [man singing in native nguage] narrator: like all countries in southern africa, mozambique suffers from hiv-aids. every year, millions of dollars are spent on prevevention campaigns, including promoting condoms. but the battle is far

from won, and one person thinks she knows why. [indistininct chatter] sheila: i don't know how many students there are. maybe 8,000. to pick up condoms, i have the recocords here. maybebe a hundred per month. narrator: at the northeast secondary school in the capital maputo, 22 year old sheila is a trained sexual health counselor. [indistinct chatter] in her office, young people come to h her with their intimate problems. man: i am having a problem with my girlfriend. sheila: and you did not usee a conondom? man: often we don't use it. sheila: because yoyou trusted h?

man: i risisked it because i trusted her, but i mimis-trusted heher at the same time. narrator: the message is clear--sellingng condoms as barriers against hiv can suggest couples don't t trust each othe. so sheila a is convinced it's easier to sell condoms as contraceptives.s. today in hr office, she's tearing down the public health posters. for sheila, condoms are the main weapon against hiv-aids. but they must have the right image. the unbranded white condoms are the ones distributed in schools and clinics. much better, she says, those more sexy branded ones. sheila lives at her grandma's. a church-going christian, she wants to train as a lawyer. she says what some in n the big health agencies think k private. sheila: whwhoo! the condom is too associated with hiv. and so it's become

stigmatized in the people's minds. narrator: she's backed by market research, which s shows trust in relationships is the main reason for not using condoms. sheila knows sex and romance sell, so why not use them to promote condoms. she's working on a r radio progm to tryry her message on a widerr audience. it's fofor 99 fm, a popular national raradio station. today is the big sell. shsheila: i'm very nervous. i'm in the hands of god. [groans] narrator: sheila's off to see

the head of the e station, but will he bubuy her maverick message? sheila: my idea is to make a pilot program. station manager: yesterday, i attended a [indistinct] in chibuto. they had a box with condoms, like this one. i didn't want to take any. sheila: exactly. station manager: but what are we going to say in the program? no to the aids condom, or are we going to say, aids condom, yes? sheila: no, our objective is to say yes to the condom. narratoror: not only have they given her air time, 99 fm h have given sheila her own teaeam. their slogan, "for your up moments." [woman singing in native language] sheila: [speakaking native language] narrator: public health campaigns find it difficult to link condoms with pleasure. man: [speaking native language] [woman speaking native language]

narrator: but can you really sell condodoms better branding them with sex than with illness? sheila: [speaking native languagege] narrator: early morning, and time to take the show on the road. today, to chinavane, 100 kilometers north of maputo. for her program, sheila wants people to talk openly about their sex lives. she hopes their stories s will reveal why they should use condoms. [indisistinct chatter] she's taking the message to the e local school to see how it plays. sheila: our mothers f fell pregnant at the age of 14, 15, 16, 17. they lived their sexualility. at the moment, they felt the time had come. i want you to o tell me, what do y you do to live your sexuality without having the same problems our mothehers

had? ah? what did you say? boy: i use the condom. sheila: you use the condom. thank you. ping pong, another one. what do you do? [all speaking native language] second boy: condom. sheila: huh? second boy: condom! sheila: condom. [all speaking native language] girl: be faithful to my boyfriend. sheila: be faithful to your boyfriend. i have to be faithful to my boyfriend, but i also have to be faithful to the condom, because the day my boyfriend drops me, the condom will stay with me.

debra: in india, where millions are living with hiv, reaching at-risk populations through peer educatition is crucial. and as this story shows, the most powerful messengers for hiv awareness come from unlikely places. [crowd yelling]

[singing]

debra: operating in 67 countries around the world, psi is one global health organization at the forefront of hiv prevention. psi believes that health services and products are most effective when they're accompanied by robust communications, which ensure that people are widely accepting and using prevention methods. an they fod that se ofthe bestommunicars about safer sex and hiv prevention are not necessily the typical experts. for example, hair dressers in zimbabwe are chipping in with their own straight talk to patrons, and have helped zimbabwe cut its hiv infection rate by half. last year, i traveled with psi to visit one special salon in zimbabwe,

where women are sharing life-saving information with one another. truly unforgettable. narrator: as the economy in zimbabwe begins to recover after years of chronic mismanagement and hyper inflation, there are also encouraging signs of a decrease in hiv prevalence. in a country where over one million children have been orphaned by aids. now, an innovative hiv prevention program is showing remarkable success by using hairdressers to teach their female customers the facts about hiv and aids. but in a country with a collapsed medical infrastructure, the burden of hiv and aids is massive. there are around 60,000 deaths from aids each year, and an estimated 1,200 new infections each week. experts inin zimbabwe say preventioion through behavior change

is the key to managing the spread of the diseaease. kumbirai: when you talk about behavior change, the keyey word there isis changing. changing from the way--what you used to do to a new behavior. we want people to adopt safer sexual behaviors. it could be condom use, it could be [indistinct], it could be having fewer partners. all that for us is behavior change. anything that you do to protect yourself from hiv infection. narrator: but in a male-dominated society like zimbabwe, reaching women with the correct information and empowering them to make decisions can be difficult. wendy: generally, women are the more vulnerable sex, and when it comes to making decicisions related with sexual health, men are the dominant character. so they, for women, don't have much of a say. narrator: as a result, 60% of all people living with hiv in zimbabwe are women.

dorothy nancapa is a hairdresser in kuwadzana, a low income, high density suburb of the capital harare. dorothy is one of 1,500 hairdressers that have been trained as an hiv peer educator in a program run by populations services international and funded by the u.k.'s department for international development. in this way, hairdressers like dorothy have sold over 3 million female condoms in the last six years, preventing thousands of new hiv infections. barbara niamdocka, a regular at the salon, began using the female condom with her husband obert two years ago.

this initiative is spreading across zimbabwe. sylvester nazarus runs a barbershop from his backyard in the commuter town of chitungwiza, south of harare. here, men are also being exposed to the prevention message and the benefits of condom use. while huge challenges remain in zimbabwe, the success of programs like this has contributed to a significant decline in hiv prevalence. it dropped from over 24 percent to less than 14 percent over the last six years. debra: but how will we really achieve large scale change? one of the ways is by promoting hiv prevention methods that are easily affffordable, highly effective, and are able to show

results now. methods like voluntary male circumcision, which can reduce e heterosexuall hiv transmission by 60 percent. butut first, grgrown men mumuste convinced to overcome their fears, as we s see in this stor. announcer: right, tim. remember that we have to work at winning this match as a team. circumcision cannot win thiis match alone. he needs thee help of all of the defendes to keep hiv from scoring.

fungai: my name e is fungai. near whehere i stay, there'ss a very big billboard encouraging male c circumcision. so i just decided one day that i should do it. i'm...shaking a little bit. i have goosebebumps. i think the p procedure's going to go well. i've learned a lot about t male circumcicision. theyey say it hs a 60 percent t chance ofof hiv reduction. takavingwa: m my name iss takavingngwa [indistinct].]. my wife encncouraged me to come to mc, because she actually thought i it good for m me to be circumcised. some ofof my friens say, ahh, y you can go at yououn risk. i'm curirious to know whas going to hapappen after i am circumcised.

as you can see, i i am now comig out ofof the psi room. the c circumcision is all done, and i i feel like a man. has been n very good, and is not as painfnful as i thought. fungng: the wholole procedure was just fine. jabulani: onone of the best bebenefits is,s, uh, the reducun of the h hiv-aids transmissionon rate. that actually gave mee the zeal to g go for it, bebecai felt that would be the best opportunity for me e to prevent myself anand the person that

i love from contraracting such infectionsns. steveven: i have since introdudd some ofof my team members t to e circumcised. everyone now knows that i'm proud toto be circumcised. delfin: it opens up dialogue within, firstly, the relationship, which is s not commmmon in our environment. mologeng: so this both our decision. and i d decided to accompany hihim as a support system. and also i heard about the importance ofof male circumcision. jabulani: what i learned i is pepeople are not welell-educate. they have a belilief that it's ltural. delfin: : dialogue needs to spread further than just young couples.

jabulani: it is the right channel l to reduce the e hiv-as pandemic in our nation. steven: a lot of things hahave cchanged in my life. besides the confidence that i h have, ii also feel much more sececure. debra: targeting behavior is also crucial in hiv prevention. in kenya, people are talking about mpango wa kando, roughly translated into having a long term relationship on the side. it's an all too common arrangement that alsoo happppens to be one of the riskiest behaviors for hiv transmission. but the government of kenya, together with usaid and other groups, are using mass media to change this behavior and turn the tide of hiv transmission.

nicholas: 44 percent of new hiv patients attributed currently people who either married or in a partnership. these people in partnerships both have other partners, who also have other partners who are not using condoms. and therefore, the chahance that thehe next nek

someone has hiv and it spreads like bushfire to the rest of the families. jimmi: i must admit, one of the things that surprised me was the aspect of also women playing a part of it. nicholas: we've got this strong force, people say, no, no, no, you are [indistinct] men only. women also do that. so people didn't know that, so we did some spots for women as well. erick: concurrent partnership realally is a great facactor in the spread of hiv, because you find that, this people, when they have these partners, trust comes in. so we find that these partners stop using condoms basically to all the partners.

lucy: psi kenya decided to take on the campaign because primarily, there are very few organizations that t do national level mass media communications. tony: : for this particular vid, it became quite an interesting angle to us, social marketing. we've got a subject that's supposed to be to improve the lives of the people that we're trying to talk to. lucy: we pre-tested various concepts, various tag lines, various names, and eventually we came up with mpango wa kando, which was actualllly what people felt describes this loving, long-term side relationship. jimmi: somebody needs to say something, and so i did. wambui: [speaking native language] tony: shock transmits, then, to how important this campaign is. tony: it makes sense. it's logical. and i think that's what really made the campaign work, that it's real, it's a social message.

nicholas: mpango wa kando campaign is obviously achieving its goal. part of the goal is to stimulate debate. so you'll hear people discuss it in pubs, in formal outings, in the church. these were never, never discussed. tom: they identify with the campaign and then now the discussions start. the good thing is thatat they are coming together and talking about it... and finding solutions to it. [all speaking native language] lucy: looking at what will motivate people now to move from awareness to actual behahavior change. jimmi: look around. all families, all kenyans, don't want hiv. so the m more we discuss and told them, you know what, you cannot talk about the issue of hiv and not talk about the issue of concurrent multi partnerships. lucy: for me, success in the long term for this campaign would be lower hiv prevalence

amongst people in married, co-habitating relationships. jimmi: it's something that cannot be done overnight. it's something that we work on it until it becomes a social norm change that discourages people from having concurrent multiple partnerships. debra: thanks to prevention and treatment, the global rate of new hiv infections has dropped by 25 percent between 2001 and 2009. around the world, we're learning lessons fromom innovators in every sect. we're learning to adopt messages that equate change with sometething everyone wants-- a happielife. we're leararning to invest in local talent, because they know how to reach their neighbors and what motivates them to change. and on the soccer field or at the hair salon, we learn that reinforcing the right messages about hiv-aids is making a difference. [all singing in native language] man: want to learnrn more about

hiv treatment, prevention, or anything else you saw here? head over to viewchange.org/tv, where you can watch, read, and get involved in projects that are making a real difference. watch the films you just saw, and over 350 more from around the world, at viewchange.org/tv.

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