announcer: opportunity. prpeperity. timimism. nation suffering increasasingy from the effects of extreme weather. what a are local people doing o cope? bolivia is estimated to own hope to the desperately poor nation? but first we go to italyly, whe human traffickers are forcing more and more women n into prostitution.

human trafficking is a highly lucrative business, and it's often lied to forced labor. it affects women, men, and children. the international labor organization estimates that human trafficking is worth at least $150 billion per year. the majority -- two thirds -- is made from forced sexual exploitation. the remainder, through illegal work -- for example, in households or on farms. in 2016, more than 40 million people were believed to be living in slavery -- and women and girls make up 70% of them. nigerian women have a decades-long history of being smuggled over to europe, many via italy. the u.n. says there's been an almost 600% increase over the past three years of potential sex trafficking victims arriving

in italy by sea. the majority of them, from nigeria. reporter: the italian city of turin is t the people trafficker gatey to europe. from here, criminals distribute their sesex slaves to the content't's othels and cusisides womenen led here with lies about the goodod job supposedlyly waiting for them. morere than 9000 were smsmuggd intoto italy in 202016 ane. incess okokon has made it herly ofof them as shehe can. pcocontacts and t the phone ofe offifice and addreress, so than se if they have a mind to eaeak wi me. cause most of the time they ae

areporter: her first approa o of t the evening.et out princessss has to be c carefule pimps don't notice her. this womoman says she'e's been woworking here e every day foro princessss hyears.be c carefule whwhen her childldren are oldee sasays, she'll finally be ababo get t away. princess warns her to always use condoms, and she says she does. princessss: you use a a condom alalways, thoughgh? >> yes. princecess: ok, bye-e-. reporter: princess and her husband alberto run the ngo piam, which tries to help thee forced i into the sex x trade. like this desperate nigegerian woman who tells s princessss at her pimp -- a woman. princess: what happened, where did she take you to? >> she said i should f followa friend. anand she gave m me some cono. so i i'm so shockeked because i

hadn't known it was ththat kind job. so f from there, i i didn't havy choice, apart frfrom to do it. rfind prorotection in o one ofe ossecret refefuges the piaiam r. princess viss ththe men constant.. incess: the best part is whenan -when i see a woman having th, as ardere.itut reporter: eze and naomliveven one of the ruges. the o friends e safe there, -when i see a woman having th, but t isated, and they mss prostution, or theorrorors they s sfered making the wayay hehere through l libya.

nanai: i was arrested and somehow, r raped once. the peoplple i was with, , evy titime they beatat me with a . sosoin the nightht, they wakee everybodody up at the e time of 11:00, 12:00, 1:00. they we e you, ty tatake tir gugun and put it i in your an. ank god i left there, crossed, . when i c came at first it was still not tttter. still trying to get over the pains. i i found out ththat it was en worse e because i hahave to usy body to make the money. rereporterprinincessas first-hand expererience of thah- haviving been trafafficked to n heelf. rtunately she met her husband fialalberto, and n now they leaa havhappy,y, family lifefe. to n she left nigeria wn she was 23.. she had hoped to work as a ckk in ily..

instead, she was sold to an unu. princess: the first day theytd crying. i closed my eyesi open a again. i thouought it was a a drea. then i s saw that it wasn't a d. turn my money. so sheroroke mhead w wh the heel of ththe shoe. and when c came back frorom th yeahah, it was about six to eit that it tntnths.y seririous. i was lulucky to meet t albertoo came to o listen to meme and o

find s solution n to my libert. reporter: : it's no coinincide that tururin became a a humn trafafficking hub.b. the opopleraffickers wereququico consate e here organize visas f their viims.s. isometimes, princess and alberto ke yououngomen who haven't yet fallen prey to trafficke o on a spececial ur of f e city -- showing them the r realitiesf stre p prostition.n. prininss: i toldou people that we are goingo o turin seeee wherere our girls s are worki. you rememember i said d one dae wi go? >> yes. prince: a-a-ha this nights ththe da

ea that wowomen -- jusust like themseselves -- are e being opy mamarketed here e on the stres ke m meat. thisis is a fate p princess wano saveve as many womomen from as possible. and althoughumuman traickiking is stillll on the risese, she s she'll nevever give up.. host: smart phones, laptops, tablets, electric-powered vehicles like hybrid and electric cars and electric scooters -- all of them depend on rechargrgeable batterieies. demandnd for batteryry-powered vehicles is rising rapapidly. and that's where lithium comes in.

in 2015, the pricece of lithim was almost $7000 per ton. since then it's almost tripled. it's found in abundance in chile, argentina, and bolivia. but bolivia has been slow to exploit it. its extensive reserves lie 3500 metersrsbove sea-lel in sar uyuni, thworld'largest exploit it. its extsa flat.eserves lie 3500 reporter: the uyuni salt flat is the world's largest. beneath the crt is a pool of brine containing the world's largest knknown deposit t of lim -- an estimated nine milillion tons of f it. the e metal is a r resource of immense value, and could have a huge impact on the economy of bolivia, currently the poorest country in south america. bibig trucks and other heavy equipment are nocrcrisscroingg e otherwe pristi white rface.

new extraction facilities are under construction in this fragile ecosystem. at the moment, evaporation pools cover just 0.5% of the salt flat. this is still a pilot project, but the bolivian government has approved plans to open a larger area of the salt flat for lithium extraction. marco: the brine is pumped into the pools.s. in the first one, heavier metals are left behind as the water evaporates. the remaining water is then pumped into the second pool, and so on. the eighth pool contains the lithium, which is very light, but not yet pure. reporter: ten years ago, the bolivian government declared lithium extraction a national priority. at this small plant at the edge of the salt flat, the state lithium company produces marketable lithium -- freed from magnesium and other impurities

in a complex process. the purer the lithium, the better -- for use in lithium batteries and rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. lithium has become a hot commodity. the entire world lusts after it. marco: our industrial plant will go into operation soon. we have the technology. we're just going to scale up a lot, so we can sell lithium around the world. reporter: the current facility produced 12 tons of pure lithium carbonate over two months -- six for china, and six for russia. it sells for the equivalent of 10,000 euros a ton -- made in bolivia. for bolivia, this valuable natural resource could prove a stroke of luck. electric-powered cars and smart

phones currently rely on lithium-ion batteries. the socialist government of president evo morales has pledged to develop the country's lithium inindustry, with boliva calling the shots. foreign investors and companies should play as small a role as possible. everybody here at the plant, from the boss to the drivers, is proud to be involved. >> it's an honor to be part of something that might one day bring enduring prosperity to our country. world will talk about us not because of our silver mines, but because of lithium. he said we would make batteries here one day. to be honest, we all thought he was a bit crazy. but now that i'm working here, i understand the process of

industrialization depends on our commitment and on our hard work. reporter: maria belen andreada is responsible for safety at the plant. lithium has created 1000 jobs here. staff at the plant work for two weeks and then have a week off. she's taking the bus home to potosi. it's a four-hour ride. we visit her there. there's a lot to see. at an elevation of over 4000 meters, the city is one of the highest in the world. since colonial times, its silver and tin mines have made its foreign owners rich and its workers sick. it's been reported that hundreds of children still work in the mines. many bolivians fear that foreign companies will again try to take control of their country's natural resources. maria: my city is poor despite its natural resources.

now we have a second chance -- this time with lithium, which we call whihite gold. we hope not just to extract it, but to develop an entire production chain and process it ourselves. as a nation, we want to do it on our own terms. reporter: outside of town, there is a factory for rechargeable lithium batteries. it's is a major step forward for the country. now it's looking for international partners to help develop the industry -- without them tryrying to take control. bolivivia has passed a law tha says foreign firms may retain no more than a 49% stake in any joint venture. juanan: we are lookiking for a partner with experience who is also ablble to keep upup withe rapid innovavation in energy storage technology. that's our strategic goal.

we wanant to be involved not oy in supplying batteteries for electric cars, but also renewable energies. reporter: of course, there's a lot of foreign interest in the huhuge deposit o of lithium ine saltlt flat of uyuyuni. chchina is particularly keen. a state-owned chinesee engineering company is already here. it's building a plant to make potassium chloride fertilizer. and the plant happens to be close to t the lithium p pools. ji: i just heard from newspapers and also information from my friends and also from ients. yeah, it's tru because lhium resource here is more than 60% of total in the world. reporter: but it has nothing to do with your job here?

ji: i didn't get information until now from our head office. sorry. reporter: what oil was to the 20th century, lithium might be to the 21st. if electric cars continue to take offff, the metal l could a source of great wealth. fofor now,olivivia is tryingng o ride the lithium wave, and hoping to tap its stores. >> i am -- > -- a global teen. st: today, we meet a global teteen froburkrkina so. the 1717-year-old lilives in e capital ofof the west afafrican nation.

beberice: my name's atririce borerend i livin agadougou. i have a bigrothererthree big sisters,ndnd a ltle sist. p parents were farmer butut major roroad cstruction work meant they lost eir land nothey don't do ything any p parents were farmer butut major roroadmore.uction work i like going to schoolol becaue all my friends are there. wewe never get b bored.

i want t to be a lawyeyer bece there's soso much injustice, ad ththere aren't e enough peoplele defeining the le o of la i'm happy when everyone around me is happy. bebecause when t they're happypy alalso do eryhappy.go makeke y a lot of politicns in n me countries ly c carabout ththr

wewe, i don't t travel very mu, but t from what i i re about o r children, , i think thatat in r parts of t the world they y aly suffer, esespecially s street . some of them get realllly bady exploited. host: this week in our global ideas series, we're off to vietnam -- a nation suffering from ever more frequent bouts of extreme weather -- flooding, storms, heat-waves, and cold haha hit, leavaving local farms struggling to protect theirrrly crops. the coastal l province of f qg

nh is regurly hit bytorms. at can it to adapt exextreme weather? the allelees are manany, especiallyly given the c counts hihighopululation deitity. our reporter, kerstin schwzezer, adeded the to fifind out more.. anh: vietnam is one of the countries that has the most impact frorom climate chchange. wewe are especiaially affectey the storms. for example, for 2017 in vietnam, we had 17 storms come through the country. i come from the local area. that's why i understand the hard-working, hard life that people are facing, especially

the poor p people, that disadvantaged group. i think that that group, they need the support. the people in the village, their income mainly depends a lot on patty ce cultition andome fiing. and they have a small garden but e wowomen,hey alalsoack thuyen: thananks to the prprojei have learneded a lot aboutut tg care of fish -- like what ki of food theyey need, what t tod the babies, and what to feed the have learnedadults.t aboutut tg i've also learned hohow to kep them healtlthy and how to tret illnesesses. thisis project helelps create .

i'llelell my fisish at the mark, and ththat means incomome fory fafaly. quang: i was born and grew up in the village. for me, the most important thing here is the people. i i am really cocommitted to t. we'r're farmers. we'r'rfriendly a and open. wewe stick togetether, and we p each other. our village is hit by natural disasters every year. we receckon with onene or to typhoons evevery season, a as l

one or twtwo major floodsds. all ththe storms andnd heavy ws is swalling upupur land.- the cat t same time, sand iadessea ouour hos and thfields where we arere planting lolots more t. we're e restoring ththe foreso y to mitigate e impactctf imate chan. the forest creates shade a a a ki of f climic bufuffer zone. ititerves as a wind-break and opops the il f from ying o out the treeees help cleanan the af pollutioion and reducece greene gagas. what's more, during the phphoon

season, , the forest h helps prt the sandnd from driftiting in m the coasast to the village. it shidsds us a ttlele frothe furyry of the stororms. h: this villagcan n be model for othevillagesn vietnam. because in this, you see the role of the communities in the protectingng of the forerests an the climatate change resespon. and they understood about ee ececystem services tt ththey ll get from this model a perfect vietnam in my dream, that will be a beautiful

untry, ecomically deloped, course, with lots of well-d-developed infnfrastruct. and alsoso there couldld be me nature, morere forests wilille protecected, rehabililitate. and people c can also liveve y frfriendly with h the environm. and for the e local people, tha goodod income, andnd enjoy thr life. host: that's all for today. but we love hearing from you, so do drop us a line with your comments. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org]

announcer: opportunity. prosperity. optimism.

announcer: this is a production of china centrtral televisioion america. lelee: even though it's 2016, girls' education around the world is still a pressing problem. but some people are taking mattersrs into their owon hands. they're using social entrepreneurship, opening up access to technology, and providing connections with female role models. this week on "full frame," conversations with people who are committed to providing an education for girls and women no matter what their circumstance. i'm may lee in los angeles. let's take it "full frame."