03/02/18 03/02/18 [captioning made possible by democracy now!] amy: from pacifica, this is democracy now! >> you think about her in here with two fbi agents, her back against the wall, to me it felt very intimidating. it would have been almost like a jail cell. amy: former u.s. intelligence contractor reality leigh winner appeared in court this week, in an orange jumpsuit and shackles, nine months after she

was arrested and charged with violating the espionage act. the government claims she leaked a top-secret document about russian interference in the 2016 election to the intercept. we'll speak with her mother billie winner-davis, outside her daughter's home where she was arrested by fbi agents. then in 1961, an 18-year-old african-american student walked onto the campus of the university of georgia into the pages ofistory she came onef two blk stents to segregatthe hool. her ne? charlne huntegault . we wl speak wh legenda journali charlay hunter-gault. has to findration their own cause and embrace it or reject it, but i just want

them to know that the power they have within them -- it was young people who changed the face of the south. brooding -- a brooding decades of a certain kind of law that did not regard people as equals. amy: all of that in more, coming up. welcome to democracy now!, democracynow.org, the war and peace report. i'm amy goodman. on capitol hill, republican lawmakers said thursday they're moving on from the debate over gun control after failing to pass a single bill on firearms in the wake of last month's mass shooting in parkland, florida, which killed 17 people at stoneman douglas high school. the congressional inaction came as president trump appeared to backpedal thursday from his surprise announcement a day earlier that stunned so many when he said he supports comprehensive gun control measures. chris cox, a top lobbyist with

the national rifle association, tweeted after a meeting with trump and vice president pence last night -- "potus & vpotus support the second amendment, support strong due process and don't want gun control." trump followed up, tweeting -- "good -- great meeting in the oval office tonight with the nra!" trump's backpedaling came just one day after he publicly chided pennsylvania republican senator pat toomey for being afraid of the nra. pres. trump: it doesn't make sense that i have to wait until i am 21 to get a handgun but i can get his weapon at 18. i was curious as to what you did in your bill. >> we did not address it, mr. president. pres. trump: because you are afraid of the nra, right? amy: meanwhile, state lawmakers in georgia approved a bill thursday punishing delta air lines for its decision to end a

promotional discount for members of the nra. the bill, which republican governor nathan deal has pledged to sign, ends a proposed $50 million sales tax break on jet fuel that would have benefited delta. president trump announced thursday he's imposing still new tariffs on imports of foreign steel and aluminum in a move that sent world stock markets tumbling amid fears of a new trade war. the new tariffs, 25% on steel and 10% on aluminum, will benefit u.s. producers of the metals, while raising prices for companies that manufacture everything from cars to airplanes to high-rise apartments. the announcement prompted fears that other countries will impose retaliatory tariffs while challenging u.s. protectionism at the world trade organization. russian president vladimir putin said thursday his nation has developed a new arsenal of invincible nuclear weapons that can reach "anywhere in the world." among the weapons claimed by

putin is a nuclear-powered, nuclear-armed cruise missile with unlimited range, a nuclear torpedo, and a new class of submarine-launched, long-range missiles. putin's announcement comes just weeks after the trump administration unveiled its new nuclear weapons strategy, which involves spending at least $1.2 trillion to upgrade the united states' nuclear arsenal. nobel peace laureate beatrice fihn of the international campaign to abolish nuclear weapons responded to the news , writing -- "putin's statement makes it clear we are in a new arms race that will put us under the terror of a new cold war, in constant fear of death at any instant. while russia and the u.s. compare the size of their arsenals, the rest of the world is joining a treaty that bans them." in syria, aid groups are warning of a humanitarian catastrophe in thdamascus suburb of eastern ghouta after a daily humanitarian pause in fighting failed to materialize. this is a resident of eastern ghouta speaking in a video posted on a social media site.

>> what truce, brother? look at the destruction. barrel bombs are dropping on us. until today, there were barrel bombs and nothing is left. there's no food or drink or anything at all. you cannot work. what truce? we do not want to leave. we are staying here and will remain resistant. we just want al-assad to self-dtruct. amy: the syrian civil defense, also known as the white helmets, said today 674 civilians have been killed in syrian government-led airstrikes and artillery attacks over the past two weeks. the union of medical care and relief organizations says two of eastern ghouta's hospitals have been bombed since saturday and that more than 1100 sick and wounded residents are atisk of dying if they're not immediately evacuated. cnn reports that fbi investigators are looking into

whether white house senior adviser ivanka trump's business dealings leave her vulnerable to pressure by foreign agents. the investigation is centered around financing for the $360 million trump international hotel and tower in vancouver, canada, which opened after president trump took office. the project was led by a powerful malaysian investor through a canada-based development company. investigators are reportedly looking into whether the flow of foreign money through the project might be influencing white house policy. the investigation comes as part of the first daughter's bid to obtain full security clearance to read top secret documents. her husband, also white house advisor, jared kushner, has been denied such clearance and was stripped of his temporary top secret clearance earlier this week. this comes after the "new york times" reported kushner's real estate company received loans worth hundreds of millions of

dollars from two separate investors after he met with powerful financial executives at the white house. executives from citigroup and apollo. president trump said thursday the u.s. should impose the death penalty on drug dealers, praising countries like the philippines that apply capital punishment to drug traffickers. trump made the remarks during a white house summit on the opioid crisis. pres. trump: if you want to be week and you want to talk about just blue-ribbon committees, that is not the answer. the answer is you have to have strength and toughness. the drug dealers, the drug pushers are -- they're really doing damage. they are really doing damage. some countries have a very, very tough penalty. the ultimate penalty. and by the way, they have much less of a drug problem than we do. amy: trump's comments come just weeks after the international criminal court opened up her luminary investigation and accusations that filipino president rodrigo duterte had

committed crimes against humanity by overseeing the killing of up to 8000 people and is so-called war on drugs. ofer report finds the gains the civil rights movement have stalled and in some cases, lost ground over the past half-century. among the report's findings: school segregation is on the rise, white supremacist movements are becoming emboldened and more violent, and child poverty has increased from 15.5% in 1968 to 21% today. the report comes on the 50-year anniversary of a report by the kerner commission, which was assembled by president lyndon johnson in the wake of uprisings by african americans in newark and detroit. the commission concluded that the united states was "moving toward two societies, one black, one white -- separate and unequal." in louisiana, newly disclosed documents reveal a state intelligence agency regularly spied on activists opposing construction of the bayou bridge pipeline, which would carry

nearly a half-million barrels of oil per day across louisiana's wetlands. the documents show the louisiana governor's office of homeland security and emergency preparedness regularly drafted intelligence memos on anti-pipeline activists, including a gathering of indigenous-led water protectors who have set up a protest encampment along the pipeline's route. other newly revealed documents show close coordination between louisiana regulators and the company building the pipeline, energy transfer partners. in some cases, state regulators used language drafted by the pipeline company in its public documents. this comes just one week after a u.s. district judge in baton rouge ordered a temporary injunction against construction of the bayou bridge pipeline in order to "prevent further irreparable harm" to the region's delicate ecosystems while court challenges proceed. energy transfer orders owns the dakota pipeline as well.

graham will be laid to rest at a funeral in north carolina today after his death last month at the age of 99. on wednesday, his body was laying in honor in the capitol rotunda in washington, where politicians, including president trump, and mitch mcconnell, paid their respects. really graham is the first religious leader to lay in state in the capital in the first private citizens and civil rights leader rosa parks was honored there in 2005. the decision to honor billy graham through five for many civil rights activist who say the religious leader was an apologist for racist and sexist views among evangelicals. wrote --ng a butler professor butler wrote -- u.s. treasury secretary steven the releaselocking of a video showing protesters confronting him over the trump administration's policies during an appearance at the university

of california-los angeles. about 400 people attended monday's free event at a ucla lecture hall, which the university filmed as it typically does for guest speakers. but mnuchin withdrew his consent to have the video posted online after he was repeatedly confronted by protesters who called out mnuchin's support for president trump's tax cuts and his record of foreclosing on homes during his tenure as ceo of onewest bank. parts of mnuchin's appearance were captured on cell phone cameras and posted to social media. this is ucla geography major tala deloria, who was lifted from her seat and hauled away by campus police after she confronted mnuchin. >> we note this is a tax bill and what that represents sentencing people to death, including children. 9 billion children who are going to be left without health care. so this victim that is putting people in this position in the first place that actually moved

the jobs overseas, it was an black people and brown people in the inner cities who did this, and yet you are punishing them for being in that position. you are punishing them for the misery that this system, the system that you are enforcing -- >> it is time for you to leave. any government that point, the geography major was hold off by police on campus. and those are some of the headlines. this is democracy now!, democracynow.org, the war and peace report. i'm amy goodman. we begin today's show with updates in the case of former u.s. intelligence contractor reality leigh winner, who is facing up to 10 years in prison on charges she violated the espionage act. winner is a former national security agency contractor who has pleaded not guilty to charges she leaked a top-secret document to the intercept about russian interference in the 2016 election. reality winner was arrested by

fbi agents at her home in augusta, georgia, on june 3 -- two days before the intercept published an expose revealing russian military intelligence conducted a cyberattack on at least one u.s. voting software company just days before the u.s. presidential election last november. the expose was based on a classified nsa report from may 5, 2017, that shows that the agency is convinced the russian general staff main intelligence directorate, or gru, was responsible for interfering in the 2016 presidential election. reality is the first whistleblower to be accused of violating the espionage act under the trump administration. she has been denied bail and has been jailed since june. on tuesday, she appeared in court in augusta, georgia, where her lawyers asked the judge to exclude her statements to fbi agents on the day she was

arrested, arguing she was denied her miranda rights. well, we're joined now by two guests. in chicago, kevin gosztola, managing editor of shadowproof press. he has been covering reality winner's case and has covered several whistleblower cases, including chelsea manning's. he was in the courtroom in augusta on tuesday. and his recent article is titled, "in reality winner's case, defense seizes upon fbi testimony to bolster motion to suppress statements." first we go to augusta, georgia, where we are joined by reality winner's mother billie winner-davis. she's joining us from her daughter's home, where reality was questioned and arrested by fbi agents on june 3. we welcome you both to democracy now! billie winner-davis, let's begin with you. as you sit in reality's home, talk about what you understood happened that first weekend of

june in 2017. walked us through this -- walk us through this. on june 3, reality returned from a trip to the grocery store and she was immediately approached by mail fbi agents at her home. they advised her that they had a search warrant -- search warrant's for her home, car, and her person. fully.perated with them they took her cell phone. they took her keys. they asked her if she had a place -- if she basically wanted to be interviewed here at her home or if she wanted to go down to the fbi office. she agreed to the interview here at her home. they asked if she had a place that they could interview her that was away from everything. she advised them that she did have a spare bkroom, bedom he in the house.

she advisedhem sheas not comfortae going to that room. she caed the rm creepynd wed. th nerthelesletter tthat ed herinrview h -- to that om to inrview her. th week in crt, her wyers ared tt, basicay, the actionthe fbigents took wer actionthat canind her. their ctody. she nevefelt aany timehat shwas freeo leav in fac her actns durg the intervieand duri the who procs told them at she ft li sheas notree to lve. shasked fopermissi to move about. shesked for perssion eve use e restro, which th ga her. she was all times accomnied agents. and on tt day, heas 11 fb agts thecame intthis hom

agen they ca into th home. this sll home. basicay, get t impressio th it was ve fritening it wasery iimidatinfor he that d. amy: the f agents re armed , from wt we have leard, nine ofhe 11 fb agents a personn here at he home tt they we arme amy:nd they mediateltook r cell pne and herar keys and thaid -- a they ok her to thaoom thathe has described reepy? >> yes, at is coect. d at no pot did theyeturn her cellhone t h, return her cakeys to her we s photogrhshich definitely showeder c was rround. the would ve been no physal way f her to en lee it hevehicle she nted to. the gument tt the dense de this ek was a strg one.

thathe was bically bng heldere. amy: was s read her miranda rights? no. the fbi ages diddmit t that. theyid admit ao timeid rights her miran feelhey had too that amy: ts is wt is at ise, that righ helawyerwant to suress her statemts to thfbi sayinghe s not reader miran rhts, t told sheould remn silent or hava lawy with he >> thais corre. that icorrect. havevin gosztayou cored not ly this tal, but others. can yotalk abo this fuher, what happed t reali on that day? it es to, y know, d procs isss and whher a person h the righto remain silent one of t aspec of thlaw at is at iue here is

somethg iid not rlly kno unl this casexisted, conct cled cusdial interration. fbi agts and appartly can come io your he and ifou arnot in police-minated atmospre, if a crt of w doesot detmine polictook ov this ea, then i fact y wereever dained or arreed anthey canasical manilate oave theiway with you. wh the jud is loing at re is whher enou facto appearhere shead aually s inustody. if that is the se, if the dge agre with thdefense, what ty are lied offnd whatillieas talkingbout, the judgmay ruleer rigs re violad. ansome oth things at wer talk about is e facthat e had a sech wrant forer peon or thfbi had a search warrant for her person. and when they came there, the government wants to maintain that they executed it when they took the cell phone. but about 28 minutes into this

whole encounter, another agent, who did not take the stand, wally taylor, said something about still having a search warrant for her person. nobody is free to leave if the fbi still has a search warrant to execute against you. clearly, she could not have left her home and just wondered to the convenience store as the government talked during the hearing. another aspect that is important is she was regarded even before this encounter as someone who was a danger to the community. that is how the fbi viewed her. they also viewed her as a dental target of foreign intelligence. one way the defense tried to poke at the government's argument that they did not do anything wrong was to say that if you have somebody in their home and they are isolated in this way and surrounded by a surveillance team, you're not really going to let them leave and go into the community. if we're going to follow your logic, you would not have let reality winner leave her house. amy: billie winner-davis, you

know your daughter well. she is an air force veteran. her last duty, cryptologic language analyst. at fortbeen stationed meade, maryland, before working in augusta. , havingitary training the fbi coming in, what would be her assumption, now stripped of phone, car keys, asking to go to the bathroom? right. all of her actions that day and when you read the transcript and we heard clips of the audio, all of her actions that day told us that she did -- she never felt like she was free to leave. i know in talking with her shortly after the incident, she did indicate to me she was frightened. i heard her voice on the audio. i heard it shaking. the prosecution tried to make a

scene that this was a very casual encounter them almost like one that would occur at starbucks. but what i heard on the audio was far from that. her voice was shaking. yes, she was making small talk and making jokes and she was laughing, but that is out of nervousness. they twisted a lot of things to try to make it look like this mild encounter that she had with i agentst her me. t anyoneuts theicells a --uts themlves ier tuation,1 male f agent ha come in yourome, two have ten youo the baoom your hoe where u have already to them u are not mfortable, you arasking peission tmake any movemts , she was ner undethe imession tt she s free tleave.

and therore, i bieve sheas their cusdy. am billiwinner-dav an ken gosztola, weave to gto eak. will co back to ts scussion. bill winner-das is t moth of realitleigh nner, who fas 10 yrs in pris and s been jledow for nin mont, brout into aourtroom this weein an orgeumpsuit and shkles. we will so contie withevin sztola, ju backrom austa or t courtroomcene plad out this week. stay with us. ♪ [music break]

amy: "last leaf" by joan baez from her new album "whistle down the wind" released today. this is democracy now!, democracynow.org, the war and peace report. i'm amy goodman. we are continuing to cover the case of former u.s. intelligence contractor reality leigh winner, who is facing up to 10 years in prison on charges of violating the espionage act. she has now been jailed or nine

month on charges she leaked a top-secret document to the intercept about russian interference in the september -- in the u.s. elections. we're joined by her mother billie winner-davis and kevin gosztola, a journalist covering the trial. was just in the courtroom this week in augusta. i want to turn to llie winner-davis showing democracy now! this morning the room where the fbi questioned her daughter. the fbi agents and my daughter, she was with her back up against this wall and there would have been an agent standing here on this an agent either on this will or this wall. they're not sure. she was triangled in by the agents, her back up against that wall. according to her, the door was nearly shut. the agents were not clear in their recollection as to whether

the door was shut or not. when you think about this room, you think about it empty, think about her in here with two fbi agents with her back against the wall. to me, it felt very intimidating. it would've been almost like a jail cell. amy: that is billie winner-davis , mother of reality, in that back room that reality called creepy, where the fbi held her and questioned her. kevin gosztola, you were in court with billie's family this week. asked toity's lawyers suppress her statements, believing she was not read her rights, which fbi agreed she was not, saying she was not free to leave -- at least she did not believe she was -- can you describe how unusual it was that reality was brought in in

shackles and orange jumpsuit? you have covered a number of these trials. stunned to see her brought into the room in an orange jumpsuit. i had covered other cases similar to this. i was under the assumption that she would be brought into a back room, allowed to change into whatever she wanted to wear, and then brought out in those clothes. when she entered, she at shackles on her feet. she had cuffs. they brought her all the way up to the defense table and then took the handcuffs off. i believe they kept the shackles on her legs. so she sat down with those. then another aspect that i found striking was that a martial -- marshalse two u.s. escorting her. one of them sat right in front of heard during the entire hearing as it enfolded. he was in her face. never staring her down, but he was seated in a way where his body was turned and he was

looking toward a corner of the courtroom. this, to me, seemed to be really overboard. i compared it to what i experienced covering chelsea manning's trial. i know it is far, far different, but my memory of that was so vivid of chelsea just walking in, the marshall allowing her to take her seat. there were not any handcuffs, never any shackles on chelsea's feet. it just seems to me what is going on here is some serious dehumanization of summitt arrived before a judge's very eyes. amy: talk about the fact she has been held in gel for nine months, denied bail, and how that compares to previous cases. comeis is very remarkable even if we just look at federal cases. i know you have covered the jeffrey sterling case, the cia wastleblower who

prosecuted. he just got out of prison, in fact, before he went to trial, he was not in jail. i know you covered cia whistleblower john kiriakou. he has been on this program. he was not in pretrial detention before he went to trial or before he had a chance to go through some of his pretrial hearings. eventually he played guilty to a charge. in this case, she has been put behind bars because the government wants to argue that she could be a target of foreign intelligence and a danger to the community. and even more troubling, even more disturbing to me, the judge is allowing the government to argue that she probably hates america. and that makes her someone who should be kept in jail. i don't know regulations as well as a lawyer, but to me, it seems like that kind of an opinion should not make you someone who is denied bail. on top of that, there are several ways in which you can

control the movement of a person so they can be guaranteed to show up to hearings or to their trial. you can put an ankle bracelet on them, which is one thing that she is willing to do. you can have your passport seized. reality is willing to go through that. i understand her parents were willing to put up collateral in order to cover the home and then she would be put on home confinement, and now would be a way to ensure she did not flee. the government has crafted the story realitys some kd of per spy, ev though e fbi agenaid in tir inteogatiothey didot beeve she s this kd of a person. the've cated thi nartive some ki of supe s who possib sympathes with e liban, ev. they we talkinin courtbout w she do searcheon her computer f how to llow the taliba witut the gernment detectg that. so theareeally trying keeper inail andeally go

after her isimilar ys they've dd other whistllowers. amy: t feder jge whoaid his decisioto deny il was based part onocial medi commts by ality, thashe "admir edwar snoen and julian assange , nif u, kevinosztola lk aboutxactly what ality winners chardith, whathe vernments sayinshe d. >> accus of gathing and releing clsified informati withou ahorizati. is unde the espnage a. th is a 1910-erlaw. 're gng back er a centu. originly, th would he been ed again defende of th peri as a wato go afr pele, i unrstand, re cused oseditious crime.

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general ff sessions somebo who h a particur disdaifor leaks, s alwa en suprely disgust by is. in fac one of e thingse nounced ba in augus of 20 ishey were srting countentelligee divion inde the fbi thawould be partularly ndling the case th was aftereality winner's arrest a aft this ca can toheir atttion, t have mostripledhe number unauthoriz discloseases at theare pursng at th juste dartment st in e first yea of the ump administtion wheyou compe it to the ama admistrati. essions' own rds. they're really ing afr her here. they intend put as ch prsure o her i lieve thathat the're doing byeeping h in pris is iended to ma her ple guil in not gto tri, and they wou like heto roll er d accepsome te in jail d not dend herself.

amy: so want to throughhe timene, vin and blie. f theay thatrump fire direor james may 9, 2017, realy would ter be chaed with fding and printg a lsifiedeport entitle the next dayas may0. trumcelebrat with ruian ficials the whi house, bragng he had fir nut job comey inrder tend any russiate invesgation. hours lar, reaty alleged sent t nsa rept to t mea. the quote of reality "why do i , have this job if i'm just going to sit back and be helpless. i just thought that was the final straw," that is what reality allegedly explained under interrogation saying "i felt really hopeless seeing that

information contested. why isn't this out there? why can't this be public?" again, this is allegedly what she said. we were not there. she -- only she was there with the fbi agents, and this is all material that her lawyers are asking to suppress. but talk about the significance of this timeline and the document that the intercept published that the government alleges is from reality winner, although, turns out now that the government learned because they can figure out these things that this was printed by a number of different people, printed something like six times. kevin? >> yes, that is -- i'm sorry. amy: that may go to kevin and then, billie, back to you. >> the government said it was printed six times in the indictment. they also claim none of those individuals had emailed the

intercept, so it has to be reality winner. of course, that does not consider the possibility that maybe those other individuals were able to conceal the communications in ways that are probably far too well-known to the government. but i think what is important is this document was something where it showed alleged hackers were targeting voter registration. it raised issues that were actually prominent in the media. this was something that people were discussing and in fact this very story was something that was back in the press not only through or four weeks ago we were talking about it because other news media were confirming details of this report and pursuing it. i think it is really important for this information to be out and i also think it is important we talk about what it was that she revealed because it shows you that what she did was in fact a whistleblower act. because it is not like she was

just reckless. it is not like she was just inside her office and using the access she had in order to gain some kind of popularity. she actually read the document and was concerned about it. in fact, if we are to believe the concession -- confession, the agents even recognize she is probably somebody who is angry about politics and they recognize that she is somebody who is frustrated by donald trump's election, and that impact the reason why she probably released this document has something to do with that. am before we lose the satellite feed to you in augusta, georgia, in reality's home where you are now, just talk about your daughter. tell us about reality. you are not able to have contact visits with her this last nine months, last seeing her in the courtroom in the orange jumpsuit? how do you visit her? how do you talk to her? who is listening? >> they are listening. the prosecution is monitoring everything, the nsa is

monitoring everything. all of her incoming and outgoing mail is sent to the nsa for scanning. all of our conversations of course are recorded. she is able to call me freely as long as we keep funds on her books at the jail. she is able to purchase calling cards and call us. so she does call me daily. i am able to visit with her as long as i'm in georgia. i can visit with her on saturday and sunday mornings. each visit is capped at 30 minutes. it is between glass. it is over a phone. it is being monitored. you are correct, during this entire time, she is that i had to have -- she is not been allowed to have any contact visits whatsoever. we have not been able to touch our daughter. i have not been able to hug her. seeing her in the courtroom brought in in the orange it, "inmateonog in

seeing h they e treati her, iis sometng tha reay causes ma lot ofain, aot of etional pain see her treatelike tt. itas been ry, very diffult. the last neonths ve been extremy difficul anwenow we ha a long ro ahd of us. , lk abouteality and herhosen ofession i meanshes an airorce teran. she a cyber surity exrt. just tal abouter caree whenid she go to the milita? and th, what d she dfrom therto now? >> sheoined th mitary rit afr high soolraduatio will sp in ft, she w loing intohe mility while she wastill in hi school. she we into thairorce dictly aft her hh school

decemr 2010, wanto say. andhe went to the mitary. she want to be ainguis she waed to be a ddle eastninguist. they didrain her th trained h to speak thr languas. she wavery gooat her j. she'serveder countryery we. prior toeronorableischarge from the a forceshe did receive commendaon medalor thwork tt she did. it scifies allhat sh did for her cotry. specifi how imptant s was. itists out that e was strument in idtifying d cauring over 60argets while she waemployeds a lingut for e air rce. followg her diharge fr the r force,he didooknto wa that shcouldactual go , to irae eas

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amy: this is democracy now!, democracynow.org, the war and peace report. i'm amy goodman. from school desegregation to #neveragain. as a student-led movement for gun control sweeps the country, led by the marjory stoneman douglas high school students who survived the mass shooting that killed 17 of their classmates and teachers, we're going to spend the rest of the hour looking back at one of the history, another historic student movement -- desegregation. thats january 9, 1961, students charlayne hunter-gault and hamilton holmes walked onto the campus of the university of georgia to register for classes, as a howling mob of white students screamed racial epithets at them. it was a pivotal movement in the

african american student-led movement to desegregate america's public high schools and universities. on that day, charlayne hunter was just shy of 19 years old, one of the first two african american students to enroll at the university of georgia after winning a landmark legal case. she had long dreamed of being a journalist. and at the time, the university of georgia had the best journalism program in the state. two days after she registered for classes, a white mob gathered outside her dorm room, hurling bricks at the building and smashing windows. the university suspended her and hamilton holmes, supposedly for their own safety. again, the students took their battle to the courts, and soon returned to campus. charlayne hunter graduated in 1963, and took her first job in journalism as an editorial assistant at the new yorker. she went on to have an award-winning career in journalism, working for pbs, npr, and cnn. she's won two emmy awards and two peabody awards. and in 1988, the legendary

journalist now charlayne hunter-gault, returned to the university of georgia's campus to make more history -- becoming the university's first african american graduation speaker. well, charlayne hunter-gault joins us now from sarasota, florida, award-winning journalist and author of many books, including "in my place," a memoir of her childhood and her years at the university of georgia. it is great to speak to you again. talk about that moment, as we look at the student led movement that has been rocking this country, march 24, the march for our lives, which democracy now! will be covering in washington, d.c. let's go back to the movement that you began on the university of georgia campus. walk us through it as you walk on campus that day. let me first say it is nice to see you again. the last time i saw you was on martha's vineyard. it was a very wonderful experience. the things that went on back in 1961, it was a wonderful

experience. i think it prepared me for what i call my journey to the horizons. hamilton holmes and i felt paytled because our parents taxes, the university of georgia was a state institution and our parents taxes paid for it. for 100 70 all white something years. it we felt entitled. we were citizens of the state of georgia. at the same time that we were applyi to thuniversi of orgia, atudent movemen, not only an lanta, b across e soh, was cllenginghe wt was caed serate butqual. --ernonn the ce is theneemaini legal peon whoas invold witour

se. the othe are now o anstors. t they re very ch alive then andery deteined to rithat was ong withhe la in geora, partilarly as it related to the university. we paid very little attention to the students who were yelling at us a calling us ug words because we had a mission. our mission was to enroll at the university of georgia and pursue our dreams. a doctor,anted to be which eventually became, graduating from the university of georgia under all that pressure is a phi beta kappa. he wanted to play football, but initially -- he played football at our high school in atlanta, turner high school, but the officials told him that if he played, he could either be hurt by his own football players or by the all white players at all of the other schools. because the university of

first school toforce desegregate. so that was a big disappointment to him. but he concentrated than on his studies. as i said, he graduate with top honors in his class. outsiders to to have been a trying time in the nighthe stunts rateoutside our dormitory, throwing a brick or two through my window, it was a little bit trying because i was told -- hamilton did not going onriot was because the girls had to live on campus. ys did not. that was the southern way of ing things in those days. but the one slightly fear something was that we did not -- i did not know whawas going on outside.

the police managed to take your timeetting there to disperse the rioters. they did it with tear gas. so going into that dark night with officials whom i did not know whether i could trust or not, was a little bit strange. but it was not frightening, somehow. we got through i i got through it. i t hamilton, who lived about five mines away from the campus wh a blk fily who are bravenough ttake h in. skedn statgeorgia patrol cs. i thinthat wasn a wednesday night. our lawyers went immediately to court the following morning and got us readmitted. it was close to the weekend, so the lawyers and our parents and other adults involved with us decided to give us the weekend off so that we could return refreshed on monday.

and we did. they say, is history. amy: you integrated the university of georgia. what was it like to go back decades later, and again make history, as university of georgia's first black graduation speaker? >> well, it was a challenge. and i think i probably spoke a little too long, but i had a lot to say. it was quite wonderful, actually. it was closing a page officially , for many, andn a pleasant history. it was a victorious history for us. it was a great experience. since that time, even before that, hamilton and i had made our peace with the past and were very supportive of the university. in fact, we called ourselves mama dog and pop a dog after the

football team, the georgia bulldogs. amy: in this last minute we have on the national broadcast, but then we will keep you if you don't mind, to continue the conversation, talk about your activism then and what you see in the parkland students today. these students who are survivors , and if the same time they are mourning the loss of their loved ones, teachers and classmates, their leading a movement, taking on one of the most powerful lobbies, the nra. >> obviously, when i was at the university of georgia a few days ago, i the journalism class i was speaking to to take a moment and say her prayer and wish the young people who were survivors of -- that they don't have to livesll sadness in their

the rest of their lives. of course, they will never, i imagine, forget that moment. it is something i can't even imagine. but as my friend don harris, former businessman who was a part of the larger civil rights movement, the citizens, voter registration and all of that, as he said, it is their time. there were young people back in the day when we were there that were older people that thought we were on the wrong path. some were afraid for us, not bad they disagreed with our aims and ambitions, but they were afraid. and then there are others who just did not believe we should be doing what we were doing. it goes way back to that debate between booker t. washington and w.e.b. the boys. -- deboise. amy: we're five seconds. >> as we look at these of people, i look back at it say it

is time for them to pick up the baton and carry it forward looking for justice and freedom and all of the things that they are -- john amy: charlayne hunter-gault, thank you so much. [captioning made possible by democracy now!]

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