afghanistan to meet a young woman who spends her mornings learning and her afternoons teaching. in morocco we find out how farmers can insure themselves against the effects of climate change. and in the democratic republic of congo we meet women and children traumatized by civil war. in the 20th century alone, an estimated 200 million people

were kild in wars. more exact figuresre hard to come by, partly because of the chaos surrounding conflicts. what is clear is that the proportion of civilian deaths has risen dramatically in 100 years. in the first world war, civilian deaths accounted for just 5% of all fatalities. today, that figure is more like 90%. and the instrumentalized sexual assault of women has become a common feature of many conflicts too. that's the case in eastern parts of the democratic republic of congo. there, militias have terrorized civilian populations for decades. according to one study, over 1000 women are raped there every day. reporter: the city of bukavu on the banks of lake kivu looks tranquil. but in eastern congo, scenes

like this can be deceiving. in this conflict zone, rape has been systematically used as a weapon of war. francine: the worst thing was that they treated us like animals. it wn't just one man using me, it was all of them. it was so painful. they beat us and abused us like cattle. and my family had stayed behind, which was awful. my children were suffering at home while i was being raped in the forest. reporter: countless women have suffered the same way that francine cinege did. therese mema mapenzi is a trauma therapist who frequently travels to the villages around bukavu to help survivors of mass rape. the roads are in poor condition. the region has been destroyed by more than 20 years of war.

the women here have suffered horrific ordeals. >> when you're a victim, your heart is damaged. it's as if you're no longer human. reporter: along with emotional suffering, diseases like hiv also take a toll. mapenzi addresses these issues, listening to story after story, including that of nakatia, who was held captive by rebels for six months. nakatia: during that whole time, they hardly gave us anything to eat. they beat us and raped us day and night. when one was finished, the next one arrived, then the next one and the next, on and on. i want as many people as possible to know this is happening. reporter: it's not clear precisely how many women have suffered in this way, but they likely number in the hundreds of thousands.

therese: when you listen to these stories, sometimes you are powerless. you miss ways to share compassion with people, but you just stay there, listening to them, looking at them. it's my only way of suppting them. because it's horrible to see how human beings can react, can behave like this. reporter: since 1996, war has raged relentlessly in the eastern democratic republic of congo. the conflict is mostly over natural resources, worth millions, that are sold to customers all over the world. but none of the profits end up here. back in bukavu, in a society torn apart, children suffer too. decades of war have left their mark on everyone here.

this is clarisse, whose family tortured her for years, and burned me. i want them to burn too. the therapist says it's important for clarisse to express herself. therese: they have been rejected by the community, they are stigmatized, they have been accused, they suffered from physical violence, and all these -- they are very small children. they are still afraid. they need to regain confidence in people. reporter: clarisse was blamed for everything unfortunate that happened to her family. she suffered a lot. the scars, left by hot melted plastic thrown on her legs, are still painful. the ekabana house offers children refuge and a place to be a child again.

the girls put on a play to share their experiences, many of them horrific. a father goes to war and comes back with another woman's child. his wife doesn't accept the new daughter, who's branded a witch and thrown out. all these children have suffered similar traumas, including alice, who plays the angry mother. alice: we don't want parents to accuse their children. they should be there for them, love them and listen to them. reporter: that's what the 14-year-old tells the therapist as she shares her story. alice believes she's aitch because her aunt died in an accident. mapenzi comforts her as best she can and promises to help. it can be a lonely struggle. therese: actually, we usually feel that the wars want us to

suffer. so people talk so much about it's as if we are in this country but we don't do anything to change the situation. reporter: but the trauma therapist is doing something. with her help, children who've been ostracized by a broken society are learning to dance again. therese mema mapenzi and others like her are trying to create moments of peace, even amidst the horrors of war. host: education can offer children a route out of poverty. without it, there's little hope of change.

according to the united nations, though, 264 million kids worldwide have no access to education, 130 million of them girls. afghanistan does particularly poorly in this respect. even though the taliban was overthrown 16 years ago, two thirds of afghan girls still don't attend school. but why? well, the are too w schools foa start,nd daughrs are often marrieoff young. at the same time, child labor is rife andhe secury situation, dismal reporter: freshta just turned 18, but she's already teaching in a makeshift classroom. the children in her class are happy. they're learning to read and write, even a little bit of english. for the little ones, that's something special. the children here are so eager to learn, they even forget how cold it is. this cave in afghanistan is 2500 meters above sea level.

huge buddha statues hewn into the rockface once stood here, until the taliban blew them up. the hardline islamic militant group also closed most othe schools in the area, and didn't allow girls to go to any of those that remained. it's different here now, but the children who attend freshta's school still can't afford to pay for lessons. freshta: the people of this area, they are really backward, and they are refugees of different provinces. they especially need education because of this. reporter: freshta teaches nearly 30 children from the neighborhood. there's no room for any more, and the few donations have already been spent on books and pens. like the children here, freshta is from the hazara ethnic group. for centuries, the hazara have faced discrimination in afghanistan. but they dream of a brighter future. >> i would like to become a doctor and treat people in the surrounding area.

>> i want to be a teacher and later teach in a school for boys. reporter: sekaina is the best student in the class. when she stands in front of the others, she forgets for a moment that in this region, women are expected to devote their lives to cooking and other domestic work. after school, it's a short walk home for sekaina and her two siblings, where their mother is waiting. their father is working on a building site at the moment. he doesn't have a permanent job, so the family has to make ends meet with any casual labor he can find. sekaina: i hope that in a few years, i can go to high school and later attend university in kabul. i would also like to become a doctor. reporter: a very different path from her mother, who can neither read nor write. as a teenager, she was forced

into an arranged marriage. she tells how she grew up under the taliban, far from here, but the taliban drove her and her family away. since then, she has muddled through as best she can, she says. and now she's happy that at least her children are learning something. nearby, people are making their way to friday prayers. bamiyan is deemed the safest area in afghanistan -- there's no taliban here. the hazara follow shi'a islam, in contrast to most other afghans, who overwhelmingly belong to the sunni branch of islam. while in many parts of afghanistan education for women is still controversial, the hazara have no problem with it. >> of course women should also be allowed to go to schoolnd work. why should they just sit at home? it's good if they earn money, too.

>> i think women should contribute at leashalf of what men do to the household income. that way, everyone has enough. reporter: meanwhile, volunteer teacher freshta is back in her home inside a cave. like all girls, she has to help her mother with the housework. here she is still, first and foremost, a daughter. but her father respects his child's unusual talents. jan: i assume that freshta will later move away and study. then she can return as a real teacr and finay get paid. reporter: until then, freshta has to fit in with the expectations her society has. she founded her cave-school all by herself and funded it with donations. she felt she owed it to the other children. unlike them, she was lucky enough to get a place at a proper school.

freshta: ok, my plan for the future, that i have to bring changes about my ability, my education, about my skills, and i would like to be a very talented girl, and then i want to help for the people of my country, also for the people of my community, that my community is really backward. reporter: the next morning, she has to head out early again. freshta ahmadi still goes to school herself, and will soon be graduating, as one female student among many. that is, until she switches roles in the afternoon and transforms back into a teacher in a cave in the cliffs of bamiyan. host: this week in global living rooms we're off to peru. ♪

navez: hello, my name is navez. welcome to my home. please, come in. four famies live in this house. we also sell artisanal goods. we have hats, sombreros, traditiol blanketssweaters and dos. ♪ i am 36 years old. i live with my husband and my

daughter. onhis side imy bedroom. that's wre we ste our gos. this is dining ea. and on the other side we have our wo tools, a ow, and th is the yoke, which we currently use for the oxen. and here on this side i have my shrine. these are our ancestors, who protect the house. and we have the animal goods that we take from dead alpacas that we find. they serve to make payment to the goddess pachamama. this is ere we eat. we call creamed corn lawa.

but on specific occasions, we also eat guinea pig, not daily. guinea pig is a traditional dish that is eaten on special occasions, like birthdays and baptisms. these stes aren't sy to find. is one is e female a this onis the me. they're ed to polish ando chisel anhere we ha the putut it's an instrument that the indigenous group called the chaskis usedo communice. you haveo blow har that's pututu. goodbye. have a nice trip. take care ofourself. gdbye. host: today in global ideas, we look at how to insure yourself against the effects of climate change.

droughts and flooding now pose a bigger threat to farmers than ever before. in the rural region of souss massa in morocco, plans are underway to introduce a simple form of insurance to help protect them. our reporter, mabel gundlach, met the man behind the idea. reporter: farmers from across the region bring their produce to the main market. maxime souvignet wants to know how good their harvests have been. agriculture in the area has been hard hit by climate change. he coordinates a project focused on finding ways to implement climate risk insurance solutions. maxime: insurance for small farmers already exists in morocco. insurance companies offer schemes that are subsidized by the state. so that's not our focus. what we're interested in is an insurance solution that encompasses the entire value-creation chain.

reporter: from growing and harvesting produce in the field to packaging and transporting it, ideally, everyone involved in the process is insured against natural disaster, whether they are directly or indirectly affected. agriculture is the source of income here in the souss plain. but extreme weather, from drought to flooding, is becoming an increasingly frequent problem. we head into taroudant, the provincial capital, where local authorities are struggling to cope with the effects of extreme weather. heavy rain and flooding jeopardize the whole region. roads and bridges are especially vulnerable. the trouble is, there's just not enough money to tackle the problem. ismail: we compiled a report to see how much the bridges and protective measures for the town would cost.

it turned out to be just over 800,000 euros. the city would contribute 20% of that, the interior ministry 30%. that means we need to find someone to put up the remaining 50%. reporter: this footage shot just a few weeks ago with a mobile phone shows how dramatic floong here cabe. it leaves hind collaed brids like thione. if local authorities can't afford to repair them, the transport of fresh fruit and vegetables will be interrupted. the problem calls for more than improvised solutions which will be useless as soon as it begins to rain again.

narrator: the heart of many large cities lies in their historic neighborhoods, but across the world, the cultural vitality of these neighborhoods is threatened by the forces of gentrification and crumbling structures. hear from the people of boyle heights in los angeles t