>> welcome to global 3000. this week we're in nepal, where landslidides have growown evere frequent. how can a puppet show help? in saudi arabia, women are now permitted to work in media and film. is this new freedom here to stay? and we head to rural ghana, where physicians are short supply. one doctor is trying to help. for many people around the world access to healthcare is anything

but a given. according to the w.h.o., 76 countries report fewer than one doctor per 1000 residents. specialists like ophthalmologists, dentists, gynecologists, a and surgeons e even more rare, especially outside major cities. the w.h.o. says another 17 million health care professionals are needed worldwide to fill this gap. southeast asia and africa alone are missing 11 million doctors and nurses. but advances have been made on a global scale. child mortality rates have fallen by over 50% since 1990. vaccination campaigns all over the world have nearly wiped out polio. new medicines have cut the number of people worldwide dying of hiv-aids. in many isolated regions, voluntnteers are alslso tryino helplp. like one d doctor we m met in g. repoporter: doctoror enoch

agbebeleseshie andnd his colles are setting g off to give e mel care to people on an island in the vast lake e volta. it's a riskyky venture. dr. agagbeleseshie: : in the w, we have e a lot of stutumps. and d sometimes ththe boats aree to hit thehe stumps and d they capspsize. reporter: the doctor and hisis teamill be treating fishermen and theieir families. momortalitratetes ong womemeand childrdren here arare well abe average. childbirirth and malararia aree ggest kills. dr. agbeleleseshie comes h hern his free t time. normally, he works at a hospal on the mainland. hehe and one other doctor look after hundred thousand peoe.e. in germany, for example, the average is 400 doctors per 100,000. dr. agbeleseshie: so, this is one of the stumps. as you can see. reporter: the submergetrtree ststumps are frorom the time be ththe man-made r reservo wasas crcreated in the 1960's.

a boatman who knows the waters well steers the vessel safely past the partially submerged hazard afafter an hour'r's journey, e teteam arrives.. the island is home to nearly 20,000 people. enoch is their only doctor -- and d he can only y visit oncecy few weweeks. dr. . agbeleseshieie: this isr clclic. tapa alavanio clinini. reportrter: enoch cacan't alwaye all the patitients in the e ony he has.. and often there's not even cell phone reception here to call the doctor i in an emeenency. >> sororry, the numberer youiad cannnnot be reachehed at the mo. please call again later.orryry. rereport: the e te need totoake it back k to the maiainland bee nighghtfall. ossing the lake in the dark is todangngerou patients are examined tside e clinic fst. inde, enoctends tohe most ace cases. many are pregnant women. a few days earlier, the

governmentnt sent him toto do a crcrash course a at the main hospital in battor on how to pepeorm complelex gynaecologogl operations. a lalackf highlyly-traed specialists s in gha meaeans general prpractitioners,s, like enoch, are expected toilill the ga dr. agbeleseshie: basicalllly,e ardoing hyststerectomies.. that's aery vital skill at we havave to lrn s so th we can use it when we go back to ourr stationsns. reporter: if a w woman sufrsrs excecessivhemorrrragng afterer giviving birth, a a hysterectos often the ononly way to ststopr bleeding to death. ococh encoterered th once e in the far north-east of the country, but couldn't save the nenew mother. dragagbeleseie: : the man didn't stop blbleeding. she was bleedingng from the uterus. if i knew ththe skillsls that ie now, for s se i would d have sad her lilive. -- herer life.

but she died. reporter: generaral practitions are ofteten expected t to do e work of f medical spececialis, because most h highly-skilled medics prefer to live in ghana's few big cities -- and more than half seek work abroad, where opportrtunities and d wages are betterer. battor is feeling ththe impactf this brain-d-drain. even basic medical carisis not avaible inin ctain fieies, such as ophththalmoly, neururoly, andnd ulogy -- - ich is why t these two german docts haveve come here.. urologists saskikia morgernsten and wolfgang kramer are volunteers w with a germanan chi ganinizati. they've commited two weeks of vacation to perform essential surgerhere. dr. kramer: bring t this pho on thehe day of yourur operat. reporter: all of these patients have had to mamanage withoutut

medicacal care, becacause there simplyly no doctors s to treat . dr. kramamer: it's crarazy. i ththink we're dodoing five operations every dayay -- at least. we're in surgery from morning llll nightrepoporter in all of ghana, there arare only 40 ururologists -- a populationon of 28 millilio. back on the e island in lalake volta, enochch has alreadydy mad to treat more than 40 patients. next up is three-year-old doujein. he h has a high fefever and io weweak he can't t walk. the rapid diagnostic for malaria was positive. dr. agbeleseshie: the child is now voming everyrying. and ththat's a dangeger sig. so for n now we will t take the child d the boat t back to te mainland. we can't leavevehe child h her. otherwise the chilild -- we ll lose the child. the intravenenous infusions --reporter: the intrenenous infufuons doujn urgently needs

e only available on the malaland. bubut it'll be h hours before en in the docr onon the boat back. until then, the boy and his motherill have twait at home. by late afternoon, enonoch has treated more t than 60 peoplp. many others will h have to wat until his next visisit. dr. agbeleseshie: please let u l geget onto the b boat and les go reporterhe won'te back for four wks. finally, doujein can head to the mainlandnd for malaria treatatt at enoch's h hospital. drdr. agbeleseshie: let'gogo. rereport: at f fir, the boboman can easily spot the umumps in e water. but itit getting darker thehe minute. after wh f feelsike anan eternity, the bo a arriv. ce d douin gets t the hohoital, he'll have gooood chce of reveryry. anchor: in saudi arabia, it was a minor sensation. the country opened its first new movie theater in 35 years -- and both men and women may attend. throrough cinema l licenses, e

government hopes to earn up to a billion dollars a year. crown prince mohammed bin salman wants to make the country less dependent on income from oil. half the population is under 30. young people are demananding me job opportunities.s. saudi women are alalso gaining greater freedoms. they are now permitted to dre,e, for r exame. saudi arabia is openening up. reporter: until recently, this was forbidden. joanna, 20 years old, from jeddah -- learning to shoot movies. setting up cameras, lighting, set design -- all this in a country where for decades the guardians of public morals held cinema for the devil's work. >> 3, 2, 1 -- action. joanna: when people saw a woman outdoors filming or doing

something with the camera, they found it weird. it was unusual today. but now society's becoming more open and things like this are more acceptable, and it's a good step. reporter: her college, effat university, called joanna's course "digital and visual production." the word "film" was not allowed to be used -- otherwise, the university would not have been able to get a state license. but since april, when the first cinemas opened, things have changed, and "film studies" are allowed to be called just that. feature films have been produced in saudi arabia, but had not as yet been shown publicly. "barakah meets barakah," a love story. fafatima a al banawi plays the . the actress comes from a respected jeddah family. fatima: i ththink there were different assumptions about what i would do w with this acacadc background. right?

and suddenly, i was acting, and i think i broke a bit of these expectations. that was a bit of a shocker. reporter: : but fatima doesn't want to be just an actress. in a park, she's set up a stand for her project, "the otherr story." here, she asks passers by to tell their stories. participants receive a pen and paper. anyone who can't write can dictate. fatima: the story actually says freedom is the best thing in life, and marriage should be postponed, or something like that. reporter: a project of this kind in an open space is a real novelty here. locked away, isolated, oppressed

-- there is some truth to somee of t the cliches a about saudi women. but things are different for those in the middle and upper classes. they are more modern, sometimes doing without the headscarf. in this cafe, too, there's a storybox where people can post their stories anonymously. fatima meets one of the story senders. nezar al adani's story was posted on instagram. he travelled to the u.s. to take care of hihis sister, who was going to college there. nezar r ened up a motorbike shsp -- but h he lost everything inn arson attack, and had to return to saudi arabia. nezar: the first time i saw my house after six or seven years of staying in the u.s. was sickening. i couldn't sleep for two days. i wasn't mentally stable.

it was just -- you just lost everything. fatima: these stories bring the same thing. it is for mental well-being. i always tell them that once y u write your story down, your ststy will takake care of you. reporter: fatima says many saudis feel a need to open up and tell their stories. she also runs a cultural center from the basement of her parents' house. together with colleagues, they're putting together a book based on the 4000 interviews gathered. the book's issues range from love to family conflict and doubt. >> i love life so much that it bursts out of me. people tell me that i beam happiness and energy. what they don't know is that i'm breaking apart. reporter: abdulwahab reads a piece from someone who comes from a deeply religious background, but through studying, had his eyes opened to the world. abdulwahab is also working on the project.

he says he found a story written by a young woman -- who remains anonymous -- especially moving. abdulwahab: the girl writes about how she's suffered because her brothers -- and her father -- raped her. she says that she can't talk to anyone about that, because she's concerned about what it might do to her reputation. reporter: fatima's cultural center, alf wad, hosts a a move night once a week. and it's here that we find meet film student joanna again. tonight, they're showing the work of a fellow student. there is still no proper movie theater in jeddah. joanna and the others hope that will soon change. their desisire for culture is great. saudi society is changing -- changes that are instigated from the top. what was once considered

impossible is suddenly doable. and joanna alfattani can realize her dream. together with her mother, she was able to convince her father -- who was initially against the idea -- that she could go into the film industry. youth unememployment in saudi arabia is estimated to be between 30% and 40% -- but that didn't stop joanna, who besides her r studies has a job workingn animation. joanna: i mean, i'm an animation stududent now, thank god. and they are making so many decisions, so many changes in this country, that makake thins possible for us to do stuff and come up to the world in a better image. reporter: joanna's sister, jude, with the short hair, doesn't wear a head scarf in public either. her religion, she says, allows her that choice.

anchor: this week in our global ideas series, we head for nepal. can music and theater help bring about badly-needed change? our reporter wolf gebhardt travelled to the kapilvastu region in the south of the country. farmers there are trying to learn new agririculturalal met. heavy rainfall in the mountains often leads to landslides. but planting the right cropspst the right times could help. wolf: just a few morststitches, and this hand puppet will be ready. it's for a play these children are putting on tomorrow. and they have to be sure they know their lines! the play was written by participants in a workshop on sustainable farming -- and the children contributed some ideas of theirir own. we have to protect the forest, they say, by growing plants that

are good for the soil. then we cause less damage. an hour's drive away in the mountains, the scene of a landslide, one of many. there's widespread deforestation here. there aren't enough trees left to stabilize the soil with their roots. they've been replaced by corn. to grow corn, you have to plough the fields -- but that loosens the soil, which can then easily slip downhill. in the village of jasrame, farmer nanda ne-upane and his family narrowly survived a landslide a year ago. they were extremely lucky -- their house is still standing -- but torrential rain washed away the hillside in front of it. the family home now teeters on the rim. madhu: we could topple over the edge and plunge to the bottom in the rainy seasason. heavy rain could wash everything away. wolf: the ne-upane family are

doing their best to protect themselves. they have brought in a consultant. dhruba gautam advises farmers for the national disaster risk reduction center, an ngo. the unstable slope has been provisionally secured with stones and wire. but more importantly, the ne-upane family now grow banana, mango, and lemons -- all shrubs and trees that put down very deep roots and thus bind the soil. dhruba: really works, you know, because the hedge not only controls the landslide, it also provides the fodder and the grass for the livestock and fruits for the families. it has multiple benefits. wolf: but there's never a 100% guarantee. nanda: we hope it works, but we're still a bit worried. the plants are young. it'll take a year or two before they stabilize the soioil.

then they'll offer us protection against landslides, but t the roots need time to develop their stabilizing effect. wolf: the nearest large town to jasrame is kapilvastu. siddartha gautama grew up near by. he later became known as the buddha, the enlightened one. he taught that people are responsible for themselves -- though you are allowed to ask for help. >> ok, so what does the diffusion of innovation theory tell us? wolf: the american ngo rare organizes workshops for farmers and local politicians on sustainable farming methods. they cover the ins and outs of organic farming and how to market the new products. the aim is to restructure farming here. this is where the young puppeteers have a part to play. ishwor: when we talk about puppets, we think that this is only m meant for the children. but when it is seen by parents,

the parents love to know what their children are learning, what they are knowing. this is a very powerful tool. in the long run, it is a very sustainable approach, if we are to make any change in the community. i think they will do a lot. wolf: back in the mountains, maya banjade is the mother of ganesh, one of the young puppppeteers. he's at school right now while his father resham banjade sprays his corn with insecticide. he knows it is highly toxic, but says he has no alternative. resham: we know it's bad for nature, and for our health. but we can only harvest enough corn if we use the insecticide. dhruba: we are the outsiders. we are the ngo people, you know. so in order to change the mindset of the conventional farmers, it is necessary to produce farmers' champions

within the village. wolf: mohan bhusal bhusal and his wife laxmi are two such champions. they now make an organic pesticide with cow's urine, leaves, and herbs. it's a natural way of protecting their crops s from a range of pests and diseases. they're still growing corn, but they now also grow spices like ginger, which don't require ploughing. that reduces the risk of soil erosion. the seeds are planted on the surface and covered with a little hay. be it turmeric or ginger, the farmers hope to earn good money with their new crops. one advantage is that these plants should be able to withstand expected changes to the climate. mohan: we can see that the climate is changing. the rain has become less reliable. but ginger, yams, and turmeric grow eveven when there's not mh

rain. wolf: the big day has arrived for our young puppeteers. but first, mohan b bhusal bhusl talks about what he learned at the workshop. he tells the audience how the new kinds of plants can help prevent landslides. at least half the village has come for the event -- including maya banjade. her son ganesh introduces the puppet play. in it, the monkey complains about the destruction of the forest, and the young girl and the cow explain how women can protect the soil with sustainable farming. a serious message, charmingly conveyed. maya: i didn't know you could also use natural pesticides. a neighbor knows more about it. perhaps we'll try it as well.

wolf: then the workshop participants sing a song they wrote themselves, to inspire enthusiasm to pursue the changes that are so urgently needed -- to ensure that people can live here in safety. anchor: this week, our global snack comes from india. reporter: jaipur is the tenth most populous city in inindia, d the capipital of the n northern state ofof rajasthan.. home t to 3.1 millioion people,s also a popular tourist destination that's famous for its pink buildings, which were painted in 1876 to welcome the prince of wales.

here at the egg dee snack shop, eggs are all chef sanjay omelette serves. he has 250 different dishes on the menunu. hehe sells 500 o omelettes a . saay: i am sjay omelelte. i've been n selling eggsgs here since e 1978. nonot many peoplple here used dt eggs in thpastst, t today i sesell ahousananto 1500 eggs every day. repoport: ththe staurant is very pular,r,nd the egg creatns are ready inin a matter ofof mites.s. sanjay: todaday, i'm goingng tow you how to make an egg pizza. first, you p put in some b but. we'll use e two eggs to o makes pizz it's readyn n two mites.s. puput some salt t in. now add meme onion use some green chilies ao.o. alsoso addome cocorianr leavess

thenou p put it initita brea d presess like thth. later, you s slice it up.. herere you go. our pipizza is readydy. rereporter: stririct vegetaris don't eaeat eggs, but t many pe who comeme to sanjay o omelettee made an n exception, o or onlyt them when n they're out t and a. >> it has a very nice tae e of bubutterwith s somspicy combininations. it's beeeen served beaeautifl, which makes it very specia >> here,50 t types oomelettes are serveded, but my favororits obamama omelette, , because is tataste d attractive prpresentation. t t only me, butut many young

people arere crazy aboutut it. it's very popopular onlinene a, and is being serveved by swigy and zozomatto. reporter: the dish, , which cost betweeeen 1 ro 25 5 and 2 eurs 50, are alalso popular o on ll deliveryry services. b bonppet! ananchor: who cacares about thte flower industry's desctructi impact? >> i d do. anchchor: who careres about lt rights in australia? >> i d anchorwho cares about homeless people living on t the streetsf lolos anles? >> i do. anchor: who cares at your superberries are destrtroying h infoforest? >> i do.o. anchchor: who cares about womes empopowerment in s senegal? >> i do. and thahat's why i foow dw globalal society! anchor: and that's all for today. but drop us a line. we love to hear fr you. write

global3000@dw.com. or on facebook, dw global society. bye for now! see you next time. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute,

icefield. >> today on "earth focus," from monitoring g glacier melt and arctic sea ice to what scientists say cmate changnge may mean for our fufuture, comiming up on "earth fofocus." >> on the edge of the gulf of alaska, straddling the icy border with canada and the coast range mountains, lies the juno icefield. this is the fifth largest expanse of ice covering the planet and is the source area