♪ >> this is dw news live from berlin. the u.n. has issued new warnings on climate change and says we must act now to prevent disasters before they happen if temperatures rise much further. it describes the next few years as probably the most important in human history. i climate change expert will be here to tell us what to do. also on the program, someone urged the brazilians to back him in the one-off vote. the far right candidate will face someone from the left, from the workers party, who finished

a distant second in sunday's first-round. cameroons opposition leader defies authorities to claim victory in sunday's presidential election. he says he has a mandate from the people and is calling on a long serving president to step down. as the nobel prize season draws to a close, dw speaks exclusively to o one of the new nobel laureates. dennis is one of the winners of this year's peace prize tfor his work to end sexual violence in war. ♪ >> i'm phil gayle. welcome to the program. you and climate scientists have issued their strongest warning yet about the risks associated with rising global temperatures. they say we need to take unprecedented steps to avoid the worst steps of climate change

and that we need to take them now. environmentalists feel we should be doing more. >> it is not exactly an easy task for activists. for them, it is worth the effort. the big banner they are putting in front of the german embassy in london is a call for germany to stop the use of coal. germany gets around 40% of its energy from coal. authorities struggled to explain why germany is lagging behind when it comes to climate change. >> it t is obvious that the time of fossil fuels is at an end and a country like germany that has the technological possibilities should not be a follower, rather a leader. >> and governments need to hurry up say scientists on the u.n. climate change panel. the increased the pressure of people globally morning instead of two. >> climate change is affecting

people, ecosystems all around the world. there are clear benefits to keep wanting 1.5 comparared to two degrees or higheher. every bit of warning matters. >> the goals set out by the cursor court needs to be intimated by 2030, but scientists fear we could fail to hit it if we do not act now. when immediate fact of failure would be global heat waves. imimpacting the global fooood sy and haharming countries that rey heavily on agriculture. other parts of the world would suffer from an increase in heavy rains and hurricanes. these weather patterns combined with rising sea levels lead to more frequent and severe flooding. the u.n.n.'s panel says it is te final call.avoiding scenes like this will be hugely expensive say the scientists. it has to be done, and it is still possible if the world acts now.

phil: so who are these experts warning us about climate change? let's take a look at the intergovernmental panel on climate change. it was founded in 1988 by the united nations. 's analysts analyze studies from across the world in order to present findings on climate change and strategies to prevent it. in 2007, the committee received the nobel peace prize for his efforts. it has faced criticism from fellow scientists. thousands of leads emails in 2009 call people to adapt their impartiality. an excellent on climate policy works for the ngo german watch. welcome to dw. this report calls for 45% reduction in global co2 emissions by 2030. it says we need to reduce coal mining 20.

the question is how you do that? >> the report is a very good job in making this case. you have to look at the first section of the report that looks at the impacts we would face with two degrees of warming. they are catastrophic in some parts of the world. you want to avoid the destruction of communities and have to act now. with two degrees of warming, we can have no coral reefs left. they are not just nice to look at what the basis for fisheries are people who are depending on them for their livelihood. you could have droughts in the mediterranean region and in africa that will be much worse at two degrees than 1.5 degrees. people who depend on agriculture for their livelihood in those regions will be heavily impacted, so there are strong reasons to act because the catastrophic impact of climate change will get more

severe with every 10th of a degree of warming. phil: forgive me for saying so, but we knew this. we have known about the catastrophic effects of climate change for years. yet we are headed for three degrees rather than 1.5 degrees that the ipcc is calling for. how do you convince governments that this is their problem that the things you are talking about are happening to someone else who does not vote on this side of the world. >> i think it is increasingly happening everywhere. we have one degree of global warning. china, japan, so increasingly this is not a problem with future generations and a problem that happens in other parts of the world. it impacts us here today. phil: except that when you look at the united states, they had a

drop in california for years. >> yes. and california has omitted to zero coal. phil: america has elected a president that has taken out of the pair was climate agreement. >> yes, but if you look at what is happening in many u.s. states, cities, and what a lot of countries are doing, they are seeing they need to act. there is actually what we have seen in reaction to donald trump's greasy decision to pull out of the purpose agreement. in germany, we have had by far the largest climate demonstration we have ever seen in germany this weekend to call for foster face of the call. phil: the german government so far has not hated that. the german government was once seen as a leader in the field of climate change policy now is still very much committed to coal. what went wrong?

>> i think what this report has done off the ipcc, it has given us the facts we need and shown as it is a smart decision to do it if you want to avoid economic costs, catastrophic impact. you have to act now. it shows it is possible. economically speaking, technologically speaking. that is not the job of the scientists to make a policy changes. that is our job as citizens to make the government listen to the signs and act. phil: let's talk about credibility. how credible is this ipcc report? we have had two instances. 2007, the reports claim the himalayan glaciers would melt away by 2035. this was found to be false. in 2010, they make claims about rapid global warming that were found of useless double data, so why is this report any more credible than those?

>> i think also those reports are very credible. that was the himalayan glacier question that was wrongly cited actually by some of the authors. the ipcc is basically the best available summary of all the climate science we have. for this report, 6000 papers, peer-reviewed papers, academic papers, and they tried to compile with thoususands of scientntists across the world a summary of what is the current state of climate change. and i think from past problems, they learned to be stronger on quality control, so i think this is an extremely credible report. phil: the warning has gone out. we will see if the world listens. thank you. >> you're welcome. phil: let's take a look now at some of the other stories making news around the world. a website says it has identified the second suspect in the poisoning of former sky sergei skripal and clinton. the man is alexander mishkin, a

doctor for russian military intelligence. last month, they identified the other suspect as another intelligence officer. in memory of a murder gentlest. the three-day road was raped and killed saturday, but it is clear what -- not clear whether the attack was in response to her work. nigerians presidentitial electin -- next year's nigeriann prpresidential election. abu bakrkr won the primary against 11 other candidates. the vote will be his fourth attempt to win the post. days of heavy rain have killed at least 12 people across central america. these images are from honduras,

where the down for was -- downpour and swollen rivers have evacuated thousands of homes. turkish president erdogan has ordered the review of -- reveal the whereabouts of a missing saudi journalist. he had been to collect documents ahead of his marriage to a turkish woman and has not been seen since. he was a fierce critic of the saudi regime, especially its policies on syria and yemen. turkish officials claim he was killed by a team sent to a stumble the same day. ryiadh's denial of involvement is not good enough. >> consulate officials cannot save themselves by saying he left the building. don't you have a camera? if he left, you have to prove it with footage. those who ask the tururkish

authorities wherere he is should also ask what happened. >> the far right politician has won the first right of brazil's presidential election, winning 46% of the vote. he will face a runoff in three weeks against fernando, who finished a distant second. he attracted support by promising to fight corruption. his opponents say he poses a threat to democracy in latin america's lalargest country. >> if one word can describe brazil right now, it would have to be angry. the political corruption, anger, years of economic decline. anger on sunday propelled a right-wing populist to within arms reach of the presidency, but not quite close enough. so there is a run off election now to think about. and here, there are just two options.very different ones. essentially, splitting voters into camps in the far right and

left. >> he is the one who has the present proposals for children, health, and security. right now, security is our biggest problem. >> i will vote for anyone but bolsonaro. he will destroy brazil. judging by his speeches, we know he is not fit to be our president. >> i voted for bolsonaro, and i expect i will vote for him again. but let's see. >> bolsonaro ran on promises, including jailing crooked politicians and giving police free reign to shoot drug traffickers. despite his public praise of brazil's former military dictatorship and insulting women in mind -- and minorities, he secured 47% of sunday's vote.

bolsonaro was stabbed in september, forcing a big chunk of his campaign to happen from hospital on social media, where he again turned to on sunday. >> i'm sure that in the second round, we will intensify our efforts and will obtain the victory. >> he will face the leftist candidate who took nearly 29% of sunday's ballot. warning that his opponent could pose a risk to democracy, he says he will focus on the next round. >> we wiwill face that debate eh rerespect. they go on to the democratic battlefield with just one weapon, the argument. we don't carry guns. >> the final runoff of brazil's presidency is scheduled for sunday, october 28. phil: dw correspondndent in rio janeiro h has more.

>> the next few weeks will bee tougugh in brazil. polarizationon in the country wl increaease by those --- for thoe who supporort and opposose them bebecause ey c consider hehe isa ththreat to democracacy. differenent from what the polls have been s showing in recent weeks. his triumph is more probable ththan ever. 46% of the voteses. he came mumuch closer toto wning in the firirst round than anyone would have thought, and this result is a a clear punishshmeno the leftist workers party, which many see as a corrupt establishment that t govern bral for 40 years and has not been able to fight the country's biggest problems, in security, violence, and a weak economy. phil: to cameroon now, where the opposition leader has claimed victory in the country's presidential election. final results have not yet been released, but if he has won, it would signal a huge change for the country. the president has ruled cameroon for 35 years and is widely incidentnt to retain p power.

he says it is time for him to go. >> components opposition leader claimed victory despite government warnings not to announce official results. >> i have received a clear mandate from the cameroonian people, which i intend to defend to the end. [applause] >> he said he has beaten the person in power who has been there since 1982. the people in cameroon have known no other president than him. supporters believe the fractured opposition parties would be able to unite a challenge. the country desperately needs change. >> this is an unprecedented election because the cameroonian people are fed up with a rotten system that has made us suffer for 36 years. we really want this victory to be for the people. >> i think that the next president will change our living conditions. maybe he will improve them and

also give some jobs to young people, especially young people who don't have jobs. >> we want someone who w will change cameroon, who will ensure that we can have good living conditions. >> in the southwest and the northwest of the country, troops gathered boxes to and from the stations. the conflict has killed morore than 400 people in those regions. the cameroon elections commission and african union observers say the poll was largely honest with only minor irregularities. the opposition say they won. people must wait up to two weeks for the official result. phil: the nobel prize season finished today with the award for outstanding work in economics. we will have more on that in a moment. first, an exclusive interview with one of the winners of this year's nobel peace prize. dennis shared the prize with nadia for trying to stop the use

of sexual violence as a weapon in warfare in congo. dw asked him how he felt about the nobel committee highlighting this issue. >> i can see in my country how many people they don't even understand what it means, rape as a weapopon of war. they don't even understand how rape can destroy, not only the victim, but how rape is destroying the family, community, and all the country. and i think that to really put attention on this question for me is very important. women are really fighting a lot to break the silence.. one the questions start in this region, it was very difffficult. even you have all evidence that the woman was raped and she was wounded in a very bad way on the

genitals most of the time, covered with other reasons because of what happened. -- because it was shameful to talk about what happened. today, women are more strongng o denounce, to o come directly to the hospital or police and say "see what happened to me, and i know who is responsible for it." i think to talk about it is a waway to just tell the perpetrators that if you do this against me, everyone will know and the shame will be to you. i think we have to work a lot to transfer the shame be shifted from victim to the perpetrators. phil: nadia murad is the young woman who shares this year's nobel peace prize with dr. denis mukwege.

she met with reporters in washington today and told them the honor came as a a surprise d comes with great responsibility. shshe called on governments arod the world to fight genocide and sexual vioiolence and bring perpetrators to justice. she herself was a victim of sexual violence after being condemned from her home in iraq by islamic state militants. she has campaigned against sexual violence since escaping captivity. here now with news of the nobel economics prize. >> that's right. it has gone to two americans. the topic is very timely. governments continuously encourage us to encourage economies to start and grow and we have to be productive but at what cost to the world we live in? the next of economists have research leading to economic growth and global warming. >> awarding the prize, the nobel committee said it was honoring two economists tacackling the mt urgent questions of our age, climate change and sustainable

economic growth. >> this year's laureates have provided us with tools that are crucial for understanding how the economy interact with nature and knowledge in which policies help generate sustained and sustainable long-term economic growth. >> william nordhaus is a professor at yale university and an expert on climate economics. he combines economics with natural scientists to show how the economy changeges the clima, even as climate change affects the economy. william nordhaus shares the prize with paul romer of new york university. romer's focuses on the problems of development countries and the distant vision of wealth. both have advised governments and international financial institutions in the past. they both welcomed the prize, which comes with a $1 millionon chcheck. things almost did not quite work out. >> i got two phone calls this morning, and i did not answer either one because i thought it was some spam call.

so ias not expecting the prize. >> awardrding the nobel prize fr economics science to two economists who have put environ, climate change, and social justice at the center of their research is a clear signal to u.s. president donald trump, who has removed the u.s. from the paris climate accord. accepting the price on the telephone, paul romer was in haines to encourage governments, businesses, and households to tackle global warming themselves. >> it is entirely possible for humans to produce less carbon. there is some trade-off, but once we start to try and reduce carbon emissions, we will be surprised that it was not as hard as we anticipated. >> the international energy agency has issued its annual report that says even though this share of green energy is growing around the world, by

2040, renewables will only account for 18% of the energy mix. that as well as short of the energy's sustainability target. >> the fastest-growing part of the global electricity sector, renewables. the report says it wilill provie almost a thirdrd of power demand in 2023, up from about a quarter in 2017. renewables currently make up more than 30% of germany' energys mix. almost 40% of the country' energy needss are still met by burning coal. 13% comes from atomic power stations. compared to about a third from renewable energy, like wind and solar power. gas, oil, and other sources top the rest of the energy mix. renewables are forecast to account for more than 70% of wewealth in globobal electricicy generation, according to the international energy agency's report. solar technology followed by wind, hydropowewer, and bioenery

are e excited to lead the fielen termrmof growth,h, the larargest renewable source, meeting 16% of global electricity demand by 2023. renewables sector, the iea ones that will not be enough to meet long-term climate sustainability goals. the agency says the areas which are not moving to renewables quickly enough are transport and heating for home and industry. >> and let's get the view from the united states now. we can join our financial correspondent who was on wall street. sophie, what does the u.s. have to offer in terms of renewable energy, especially bearing in mind the u.s. president has promised that the coal industry is back? >> yes, well, when you think about trump or the white house agenda, right now, we remember things like climate change is a hoax made up by china, leaving

the paris climate agreement, removes more than a year ago, by the way. it is not hard to guess energy has gotten much greener in the u.s. renewable energy capacity is projected to rise by 44% in the u.s., but the iea ones that changes to the trade policy, energy plans under trump can hold back that kind of growth. as the world's largest economy, the u.s. is clearly lagging behind. in the second quarter of 2018, renewable energy accounted for 21% of new power capacity, which is unfortunately down from 30% in the same quarter of 2017. >> i'm wondering, do those involved in economic planning for the u.s. support the president's energy plans. -- plans? >> trump is surrounding himself with people who go along with his believes. his of ministration is seeking a 72% cap to the budget of the department of energy programs

related to renewable energy. the epa's scandal plagued former administrator scott pruitt may be gone, but his agenda of undoing environmental regulations is basically continuing under acting administrator andrew wheeler, according to "the new york times." >> sophie on wall street, new york. thank you very much. >> now, a soccer match is heading for a goal to spice things up with an entertaining pitch invasion. in a georgian top division game on sunday, the invader was slightly firmly and cute than your average intruder. >> online when humans invade the pitch when a fluffy, pooch does, it is harder to crash time for them to submission. they are a lot cuter for one and

more interested in makingg friends. or in getting themselves a free belly rub. this furry fellow did not get everythihing its way when causea halt t to a match between the gegeorgian teamsms. but it seemed to have the time of its life in a short cameo appearance before a player finally drew him off the pitch. >> you are watching dw news from berlin. bunting more coming up at the top of the hour. i'm helen. thanks for your company. we will see you soon. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] ♪

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