♪ >> welcome to global 3000. today we meet a social entrepreneur using culinary delights to tempt young indonesians back into farming. but why? free money from the state every month. in finlaland, an expereriments coming to anan end. how's s it been for those involved? and d in pakistan, there's one major construction project after another. all the namamof china's new si road. it leads to duisburg and moscow, heads to pakistan and on to

africa, links beijing with irkutsk. china is building silk roads for the modern era, a transport network of overland corridors and shipping lanes. 800 billion euros worth of them. it's a major stimulus programme for china's flagging economy. but the other countries involved are hoping to benefit too. pakistan's port of gwadar is changing at a staggering pace. >> good morning, i in chinese. aftatab speaks fluent t chine. he studidied in china,a, perhae had d an inkling o of the opopportunities s it would oney brining him hehere in pakistand the chances thatat business wih ththe country cocould mean fore port city ofof gwadar. > when i was s child, i dit have this opopportunity inin my

hometown to learn chine.e. but t theyave. in the future, gwadaisis a spspeciaplace e inakistan for the chinesto d do e sea-siside busineness. so we have our childn n can speak good chihinese. >> this school has t fininancial memeans st oththerin the c cntry can n only dream of, thanks to beijg.g. china is investing in the ututh pakakista on papakiani terrrritory. ♪ teaching is not afdat's inin job.b. mosof thehe te he is s engineer, and very busy. in gwadar, the chinese and pastananis a buildldintheir version of t the future totoge. but do t they share ththe same

vision? who is t the boss on t this s, the chinese or pakista works? >> but you're working f t the inesese? >> yes of course, thbig g bo are e the chinese.e. but herere on the site, i havehe say.y. >> we are budiding a roatoto chinina. and onone one day wewe will bee toto travel homeme on it. the silkroad will connecusus, wewe're iends.s. and frfriends have t to be protected. on construruction sites s all r the city, ththe chinese arae accompanied by guas.s. gwar i is inalochihist provincece. ththe region is s a war zone, i both islamists and balh tiononalis seekiking violent insurgenci.. th seeee thehinesese ainvadersrs and have targeteththem. zhang ozhong r ralls a

terrrrist attack here in 2004, whwhich kied t threehinesese engineers. he heads thehe chinese compapy building the new gwadar r por. chchina has leasased the port t0 years.s. littttle is known n about the s and details of the ctrtracts invovolved werere noallowewed to film onn the site i itself. the aim is to turn gwadar into a new trade hub. but some speculate that china might also want to use the port as a naval base. >> i don't know what they're scared of. [laughter]r] chchina isealllly a ace-lolong country. wewe don't have a history of colonizing other countries. >> beijings pushing g ahead with various projects, creating

infrastructure whehere before there wawas nothing. herere, the china a communicats cocompany is buiuilding housinr the workers it intendso o employ he. >> i thinknk around 5,00000 pee are e going to comome, chinese peoplele. but for this project, i thkk mae 80800 pele. >> it's gogoing to be sosome kif chinatatown? >> yes, definite. >> not everyryone in gwadadars feeling optitimistic aboutut a chinese-led future. many pple e hereo not t beeve ththatetter, m me peacefulul ad prosperous timimes are aboutuo dadawn, but expepect they willll contntinueo be m marnalised d d overlooked by those charge. promomises of goldlden days ad are memet with derisision ad suspicn.

>> thehe chinese thihink onlyf themseselves. they want to build up their gg bunesssses he. they don't carare what happepeo us poor pepeople. >> everything is torn om o our hahands. gwadar no o longer belonongs t. they'v've taken the e sea awaym us. they have taken the laland awy from u us. there's nothing lef for r us ordinary men there iso work, nonothing. >> there's no quesestion chinas arririval will chahange gwadar.. and as is always the c case wih change, therere'll be winnnnersd losers. >> while some are putting their hopes in chinese investment, others are relying on the state. for two years, 2000 unemployed finns received regular payouts from the government. how they spent it was up to ththem. the unconditional basic income has been tested in many countries worldwide. now the experiment i in finlad

has come to an end. and the recipients are reporting it improved their health and happiness. ♪ >> is this a finnish winter wonderland or home to one of the world's biggest social expeririments? this oldld schoolhousese in wen finland d is somehow b both. for the past two years, juha järvinen has been receiving an unconditional basic income from the finnish state. today he's travelling to the pital l lsinki, whwherhe's been invitited to give a a talk abt hihis exrienences with ubii at a pododium discsision in te parlrliame. >> i'm generally open to everhing.. during thehe train journrney il think k about exactltly what m goining to say, about how i'll make theest ususe of my y 15 minutes of speaking time to give the public something to think

about. >> we first visited juha nearly two years ago at his home near kurrika. his eat passiois making traditiol shaman dms by hand♪ back then it was more a hobby than a a profession.n. his wifefe works as a a nurse. the couplele has six chihildred a a dog. how has famimily lifchananged r hihim since the e day in autumu6 when a letetter from thehe government landed in his mabobox? >> i had been waititing for te post to arrive and when i saw the letter, i knew without openening it that itit was fro e sosocialnsuranancegency. from the mininute i had itit iy hands, i r really starteted celebrating.g. >> for himim, getting a a basic income was l like winnining the lottery. he hadigig plansurining thtwo

years. he wanted toto set up an a ageno prprovide living space and s sts for artiststs caed artrtbn whwhile that proroject has notn enentirely succecessful, jua believes in trying out new things. ubi gave him the freedom tdodo thatat. juha arrives in helsinki. the fiish h govement's's exexperiment to o give 2,000 pe 560 euros s a month for r two s made headlines around the worl thehe eve in ththe nnish parlrliament, juhaha meets ai, anotother participipant in thehe prograram. shshe and all ththe othe in te prograram will be surveyed byy finlnland's social insance agency, kela. and > it's allyly interestig toto hear the paparticipants oe experiment bececause we researcherers were not a allowo contacact those peopopleo evererything i knonow what theye beenhrough i've read f from newswspapers. so is s reallyntereresti, didifferent kindnd of stories.s. therere are 2,000 0 participa, everybody hahas a very uninique story.

> four of thehe participantnl tetell their stotories this eve, starting w with aila longng-term unemplployed, ailao has cancer, and shshe now worrs about hohow she isoing to survive without her monthly basic income. >> my life has changed for the worse. i'm being treated the way wawas twtwo years ago,o, like scu. i hahave to beg fofor everyth, analall the ymenents tt werere comimi automatically at the beginning of the month will ke ngerer. i i never know w when the mons goining to come inin. >> the basic income gagave ail back somome of her digignity,e sasays, but thatat's over now.w. >> aila's s presentationon proy moved d me the most,t, she rey hahas to fight f for her daily bread, evevery day. esespecially now, , becausshes been officiaially registereres unemployeded since the s starf january.

now ththe whole thining startsl overer again for h her the whole bureaucracy. >> t the experimenent with u oveded to be contrtrovsial in finland, and the government is now experimenting with a different model. the state only giveses money o those whwho do somethingng for, even if it's's volunteer or community work. from now on, juha has to make a living from his drum-making. but he's optimistic about it. >> in ththe past two y years e been a able to invesest some oh basic inincome money i in buyinw toolols. i can bubuild drums 10 times faster than i could two years ago. >> j juha looks afafter the chin while s wiwife iat work. a steady job wouldn't susuit hm if he's cocooking for the kid, the workrkshop and thehe drumst haveve to it. but he bie make y you hpy. where hehe lives, you u can gey just f fine if you havave someg to eat and a little electricy. >> foror my ildrenen,

ununfortunately,y, the futures lolooking a littttle insecure.e. that's one of the reasons y ii wa to o do sethingng tgive the gegeneraons totoome a better fufutu. our geratitionas a sponsibility to nd solutis. > afar as juha is ccecerned e unconditional sisic inme exriment wt just aplanned. wh do the st of th participants think? the finnish h authorities s is g a thorough evaluation of the prect t untithe enend the year. only thehen will we knknow ife government also judges the atmpt t a suess. ♪ >> since 1950, every industrialised nation in the world has seen a sharp fall in the number of people working in agriculture. in some regions by more than 80%. the children of farmers nowadays rarely choose to take over their parents' farms heading instead

to the cities to seek their fortune. in emerging economies like indonesia the situation is growing critical. is it possible to attract young people back into farming? >> she is on a mission to presererve the country's biodiversity. >> i grew up in a copy plantation in a mountain and it was far from everywhere so myy mother had to grow our own food and that is hohow i learned to grow our own food. but as a lawyer, youou are far away from it but because i love to travel and cook. when i was introduced, it is like bring b back the memory ofy

childhood and i thought like it would be nice to relive it again. >> she's set up a model farm in vida bekasi, 30 kilometres from the capital jakarta. in her work as a lawyer, she campaigns for the rights of indigenous farmers. on the farm, young people are taught sustainable agricultural techniques and how to cultivate the plants that have enriched indonesian cuisine for centuries. >> i'm worried about the current situation, the excessive use of fertilizer.. that's w why i wt toto learn abt organinic farming. indonesisia has greatt opportunities to farm in a way ththat is close toto nature e t industrialized and that will benefit our way of life and our health.

>> my dream is to set up a farm like this at h home, and use ito feed my siblings and pay for their schooling. >> the students take classes in organic farming and also business management and marketing. the aim is to prepare them all to be ablele to run theieir own farms when they graduate from the program. farming no longer appeals to many indonesians. the social status of farmers is relatively low. profit margins are tight, and selling products at local markets is hard work. helianti hilman wants to turn this around. she also runs a cafe and shop called javara in downtown djakarta. it only sells products grown by

the network of smallholder farmers who number more than 50,000. at javara, therere are alslo seminars the public can attend about subjects such as traditional coffee cultivation. >> well, right now we do h hava very critical situatn,n, becau every year we are loosing about 500,000 to 1 million farmers. and probablyly about 70% of or farmers are above 55-years-old. so that's why it's very important atat our work to brig back that pride and dignity of farming profession through entrepepreneurship, , by builg the branding of f the farms, te brbranding of the farmers and creating added value products. >> the cafe serves traditional dishes, and d in the kititchen g cooks are trained by the expeperienced chefs.

jajavara buys produce direct fm the network of farmers. by cutting out wholesalers the smallholders can earn momore tn usual. helianti hilman is a truly committed social entrepreneur. >> we were the first company that pay for the social l curiry insurance of the farmers. especially for the coconut farmrmers, because i it is a y risky activity of climbing the tree, because every day each farmer will climb between 40, 50 times coconut trees evevery da. and of course if it's raining it will be slippery, so the risk is ththere. so we thought it will be faiar that they will also be covered with insurance of accident at work. >> her company has 85 employoye. she e spends a lot of time travelling on indonesia's thousands of islands, teaching farmers. she also uses social mededia o get her messagage across. >> yes, so the narrative is part of the education as well for the

rural entrepreneurship. so we even teach thehem how too food photography using their own smartphones, because t then thy will be able to upload this to instagram, to the social media, you know. so this is part of what we try them to help them in communicating what they have. >> rice cakes with coconut syrup. helianti hilman loves traditional indonesian products and believes that t more and me people will feel thehe same. ♪ >> this week in our global ideas series we're off to uganda, home to afrfrica's third highest mountatain. ere are glaciers on the slopes of the r rwenzori rangnge. but climate changege is ththreatening g the future o of unesco world herage site there. now the district of kasese wants to do something about it b by shifting to 100% renewable energy forms.

our reporter lea albrecht visited the region to find out more about the ambitious plans. >> the birra family's doesn't have any electric light. just a paraffin lamp and a fire to see by in the long dark night. >> you feel bad, becausese whn you go back home after school where you are used to light, you feel lonely. you can't study your books and feel left behind. >> loice is 22-years-oldld. she hopes to one day become a ranger or police officer.. she's the eldest daughter, and has nine brothers and sisters. the birra family live in kawoda, a village in southwestern uganda. their main source of income is

farming. >> when i need paraffin, i send a child. we buy paraffin once a day. because it's hard to get money, i buy just a little. when it's finished the next day, we buy some more. >> today it's the turn of loice's sister alice to go to buy the paraffin. the family spends around 1000 ugandan shillings, around 25 u.s. cents a day, for a small amount of paraffin, also called kerosene. kawoda is part of the kasese district, which is home to nearly 700,000 people. today it's sunday and many are making their way to church. this cable is part of the national electric grid, but it serves just 20 per cent of the population. kabbyanga godfrey is mayor of the municipality of kasese. he wants widescale change including getting rid of the paraffin lamps, which are known as tadoba.

>> the tin candle produces a lot of carbon monoxide. and they are not even using paraffin. they are using diesel, because diesel is cheaper than paraffin. and diesel is even worse. so we want to eliminate it, because it is the biggest source of carbon emissions in this ararea. >> kabbyanga knows everyone in the municipality, and everyon knows him. he wants to win them over to his big idea, by 2020, he wants all of kasese to be supplied by renewable energy. hihis motivationon lies in thehe snowowcapped rwenznzori mounta, which are often shrouded in fog. >> we are all pushed into going 100% renewable energy because we wanted to save the glacier. people of the snow'. and if you look at the trend at

which the snow is reretreatingns disappearing, it's very high. and technicians have told us, it will disappear by 2030. soso to save it and therefore o save our name, we have decided to go 100% renewable. >> he has photos of the mountain peaks that show how quickly the glacier is melting. 3:12-3:24 >> this is what itit was 1906, this is what it was 1960, this is what it is now. so that's why we have to fight. > the rwenzori mountainss provide the very basis of life, water. to make sure the water doesn't dry up, the mayor has come up with his plan to convert the entire district of kasese to renewable energy, including schools and hospitals. the main source will be solar power. katswera joseph is the kasese district natural resource officer. he's keen to see the project go ahead.

>> one solar kit when it replaces the tadoba can be able to save us 9.5 metric tons of carbon emissions per week. and therefore that means that if you spread it across the 52 weekeks in total if the whole population has adopted the use ofof solar we are abable to se around 5 million metric tons of carbon emissions into the atatmosphere. >> so far nearly eight per cent of households in the district have a rooftop solar panel. including the haruna family. >> a solar power system costs around $200. the family saved up for two years to buy one. they used to grow two crops for sale, coffee and cotton. and recently they added a third, a particularly valuable one, vanilla. >> i use the solar light for my

work. i now have vanilla on my field. what i do is to extend a cable with light from the solar panel to my garden. when thieves see light in the garden, they get scared. this light keeps them from stealing my vanilla. >> by using solar energy, the family is also able to set aside some money. before they had to buy paraffin for the tadoba lamps. now they can use that money to pay school fees for the children. they can read and do homework now after dark. the district is still a long way from 100% renewable energy. like the birra family, nearly two-thirds of the people of kasese still rely on paraffin lamps. >> i feel left b behind. i also want a solar panel, but i don't have the money. >> low-interest loans or aid programs could help, but those

are also in short supply here. will poverty cause this ambitious project to fail? >> it is a very big challenge. we might not realize the 100% by 2020. but already we have learnt lessons out of the implementation period of our work. and we are optimistic that by the year 2040 we shall reach a target of 100%. >> as evening falls, alice fills the lamp with paraffin. perhaps soon the biira family too will have a solar-powered lamp to light up the night. ♪ >> next week our focus is on women and some of f the issues ey f face aroundnd the world. in brazil, five poticicians l share e one parliamentary sea. we find d out why. that's all from us this time. we're back next week.

meanwhile, drop us a line to or post on our facebook page dw global society. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute,

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