♪ >> trade talks between the u.s. and china resuming this tuesday in shanghai. both sides have been playing down any major progress. officials at the u.n. agency for palestinian refugees face serious ethical abuses claims. an investigation is underway. dozens of resilient prisoners killed in a gruesome gang battle. such violence is not uncommon in brazil's prisons, many of which arare underfunded. to thend welcome back

france 24 newsroom. talks between the u.s. and china resumed today as the world largest economies try to resume their trade disputes. it will be the first round of negotiations since president donald trump and xi jinping agreed to a truce at the g20 meeting last month. let's take a look at how the trade disputes started. ♪ >> we will make america great again. >> make america great again. it has been donald trump's aim since he ran for the presidency and he wants to dodo it by targeting the enormous trade deficit between his country and china. sold almost 500 $40 billion worth of consumer products to the united states. it is mostly mobile phones, computers, clothes, and toys. the u.s. exported $120 billion

worth of goods to china, including planes, cars, and soybeans. the result -- the u.s. reaching a record trade deficit of 400 $20 billion with china in 2018, about 40 times more than in 1919. donald trump thinks the u.s. is the victim of unfair competition by china. pressure onput beijing. he wants china to stop giving a helping hand to state owned companies and to stop undervaluing its currency in order to boost exports. he also accuses beijing of stealing american intellectual property. at the beginning of 2018, tensions between the two countries jumped up a notch. the u.s. decides first to raise tariffs on imports of solar panels from china, then for other products, steel and aluminum. the list gets longer, and by the end of 2018 almost half the products that the u.s. imports from china have been hit with higher tariffs.

december, 2018, the chinese president and u.s. president meet in windows ra's -- buenos aires. are comingotiatators to washington for a final round of talks. but things never go that smoothly when it comes to donald trump. he suddenly announces a new tariff hike on chinese goods and even threatens to charge duties on all chinese products that the u.s. buys. a few days later, relatitions betwtween the two countries deteriorate further. the united states takes aim at the chinese telecom giant huawei and blacklists it from doing business witith u.s. companies. there is now a new angle to the trade war and many fear the start of a tech cold war. now the latest on the

pro-democracy movement in hong kong. early this tuesday, hundreds of protesters disrupted trade services, causing commuter chaos . activists blocking doors duririg the morning rush-hour is adding to the pressure on the authoritieies afterer two m monf increasingly violent demonstrations. first, people protested against in a traditional law, but now they also want carrie lam to resign. there have been reports -- complaints about police brutality. nepotism, discrimination, retaliation -- these are some of the ethical abuses officials at the u.n. agency for palestinian refugees have been accused of last year. washington cut hundreds of millions of dollars in funding to that agency. the state department saying it was irredeemably flawewed. a toxic work culture of secrecy and bullying -- that is what is alleged by an internal

human agency for palestinian refugees. he claims the senior management has been consolidating power and leading to exodus in staff. among the accusations -- nepotism,misconduct, discrimination, and othther abus of authorities for personanal gain. among several bosses accused of such practice, the agency's commissioner general, who allegedly appointed a woman he was romantically involved with as an advisor andnd traveledd excessively with her on busisins classslights. he has rejected ththe characterization of the leadership sent out by the report but says corrective measures will be taken if needed once a u.n. investigation into the findings is complete. unrwa -- politicized environment it is working at. inthe a agency was created

1949 after hundreds s of thousas of palestinians were displaced by the war that led to the creation of israel. it provides schools and medical services to millions of palestinians in lebanon, jordan, syria. last year, the u.s. cut its funding to the body, which landed it in deep financial trouble. this is not anys excuse for management to further disregard rules anand procedure. >> turning our attention to brazil, where at least 57 people have been killeded in a prison riots that lasted five hours. officials say the trouble started when gang members from one prison block invaded another part of the jail. smokeke billowing from a a prin compound, security guards circling the premises. from the look of it, it is hard to imagine the bloodshed that prison whende the

two rivalal gangs attacked ea other. fighting broke out around 7:00 a.m. local time after inmates frfrom one pririson blocock invd ananother r part of the j jail. the ririot went on foror another five hours, claiming the lives of dozens of inmates. speaking to reporters, officials gave details of ththe massacre. >> we e have 16 inmates beheaded and othersrs probably died by suffocation due to the smoke. >> violence and brazilian jails is not uncommon. last may, 55 inmates died in a series of clashes. mamany have e associated the recurring incidents with the overcrcrowding of prisons. brazil has the t third largestst prison population in the world, with 700,000 i inmates. the nation's prison system can only accommodate approximately 360,000 people. far right brazil's

president has vowed to boost facilit -- used security in jails and build more facilities. >> talks plans t today between sudan's-- sued on's -- military leaders and protest leaders will not be going ahead area four children were killed during a demonstration. militaryd of the ruling council describes the deaths as on acceptable. it has been 20 years since morocco's king mohammed vi ascended the throne. monday, he spoke about the progress morocco h has made undr his watch, but also what still needs to be done. in 2011, the king announced a reform program after protests broke out. critics say many of the promised reforms have not been fully implement it. -- implemented. years ago the king mohammed vi of morocco came to

the throne after the death of his father. he spentnt his childhood b being prepared for the role. at his coronation, the 35-year-old promised to counter poverty, unemployment, and socicial inequality. there were high hopes after the brutal regime of his father. two decacades on, what progress has there been? economic growth has been steady. the country has seen major construction projects like the world's largest concentrated power plant -- solar power plant on the edge of the sahara desert and africa's first high-speed rail line. the gap between rich and poor has widened and is the h highest inin north afrfrica. unemployment is around 25%. >> we are proud of what we have achieved. what is still left to do. >> the arab spring protests saw

tens of thousands of moroccans take to the streets, calling for a democratic constitutional monarchy. ththe king promised reforms and approved a new constitution. little has changed. the king still holds absolute power. >> despite the promises that were made at the start of the , despite the 2011 promises, we find ourselves here today living in a royal autocracy. it is the king who decides everything. the constitution is not respected. >> under his reign, freedom of the press has declined. 135th in the world for press freedom. -- he seeks stability in a turbulent region. authorities have cracked down on antipoverty protesters, calling for jobs and economic development.

france, an envivironmental group called robin des bobois or robin hoodod has filed a lawsuit over toxic lead released from notre dame cathedral. it says the authorities have not taken the risk of lead poisoning seriously enough. it was only recently that two schools in the area were temporarily shut. during the fire, hundreds of tons of lead in the cathedral fire and roof melted -- spire and roof melelted. >> the various officials certainly did not wish to deliberately harm the public, but they refrain from releasing that reflects a lack of diligence. they are at fault. finally, a report thatat might inspire you for r your next holiday. in the south of the country, a city that was buried in lava. you can visit by day but also by night. jewelis an n archaeologicical

still unknown to the general public. the ancient city of herculaneum in italy, a unique place that can be explored this summer through a rare initiative. at nightfall, visitors can discover the history of this site, which was destroyed by the in the yearvesuvius 709a.d. >> we found entangled skeletons in the fetal position. we found the objects they were carrying and the remains of soldiers who were taller than average, about one meter 80. preservedof frescoes are projected on the walls of the ancient city. it is an opportunity to discover these exceptional w works in thr original context. >> during the day, it is harder to see the paintings. at night, it was -- the light is on and the atmosphere is magical.

you travel back in time. >> it is a unique experience to be able to walk in these ruins at night. it offers a new perspective of the sites. it is beautiful, impressive. >> since its launch, the initiative has been a success. every evening, visitors of all ages are eager to discover this archaeological jewel in an extraordinary atmosphere. at ninight, at night,t, peopler the site in a different way. it is quiet compared to the daytime, when it can get quite crowded. >> to end the journey, reconstructions of scenes of everyday life are performed by theater actors. each scene is inspired by a work of art found at the site. the night visits are scheduled once a week this summer until september 20. >> that is it from me.

stay tuned. ♪ >> 40 million casualties worldwide and europe in tatters. after years of conflict, delegations came together on the 18th of january, 1919. 32 states participated inin the paris peace conference, but the treaty of versailles is one of the most c controversisial agreements inn history. it cracks left open the possibility of a sesecond global conflili. some havave even claimimed that europe sufuffered anonother 30 s war.

♪ >> an international conference like none other to datee open no the e press and public. it drew from the 14 principles for peace laid out by u.s. president woodrow wilson, which aimed to ensure collective security over international interests s and promote the rigs of differentnt groups of people. wilson's main points was open diplomacy, rejecting secret treaties and negotiations behind closed doors. in lightas disarmament of the demands the public was making after four years of total war. said to sort out the question of colonies, the point of view of the colonizer must have equal weight to that of the colonized. >> in paris, national boundaries

were redrawn and those who fought alongside the allies demanded recognition. by lawrence of arabia, pressed for an independent kingdom. ho chi minh saw freedom from france and a pan-african conference petitions for africans to take part in governing their countries. was thesense, paris capital of peace, which sucked in unofficial delegations representing nationalities hoping old injustices be fixed him a that they might get it on me in their state. not all of them got access to the big decision-makers. why? these demands went against the aims or territories. something else missing from the conference -- those who had been defeated. germany, which had signed the

armistice in november 1918, had to rely on u.s. mediation for the kind of peace and wanted. when the german delegation arrived in versailles, they were in for a shock. >> the g germans did not take pt in the conference, but thehey we invited to come later. in may 1919. on the seventh, they received a draft treaty. they could not express themselves directly. they had to do it in written form. there was no dialogue between the allies, the members of the conference, and germany. the big four victctorious powers dominated the conference -- britain, italy, france, and the u.s. the italian prime minister was s refused terrrritories prod by the allies in a s secret pact in 1915, he left the negotiating table. british prime minister david lloyd george and president

wilson were at all its with the french fry minister -- at odds with the french prime minister. by the time the german delegation arrived, compromisess were nonnegotiable. rather than risk renegotiating hostilities, they signed. >> the time and place were symbolic. the 28th of june, 19 19 was the anniversary of the assassination of archduke frans fererdinand.. .he hallll of mirrors allied representatives were sat behind one long t tabl, which was seset next to mirrorss and facing the windows. the germans came in last and arrived in the center of the hall, where there was an 18th-century desk with the treaty on it. they were the first to sign the document. minister stood up and invited them to do so.

>> with the treaty of versailles, germany lost 1/10 of its population, 13% of its european territory, all l its colonies, and part of his army. german public opinion considered it an unfair and d defamatory treaty, with onene particularly humility -- humiliating clause, which h they saw as foforcing germany to accept full responsibility for causing the war. >> german society unanimously rejected the treaty of versailleses. there was a real consensus. momentjected it from the they understood is conditions and well beyond when it was ratified. as for the summer of reparations, germany had to pay for the countries it invaded.

this remained to be decided. >> the reparations issue became extremely inflammatory and kept rerearing its head up throughout the weimar republic. >> each time the question was asked, there would be more tension, and the political debate would heat up. germany became a republic on the ninth of november, 1918. ii abdicated two days before the armistice. the following year saw political turmoil and uprising. the occupation by france and belgium and hyperinflation. herere i i have onone banknote. you might t think i will become rich. it is 100,000 marksks, which in february, 1943 would have been worth a a dot -- would have been worth a dollar or two. it was a crisis of hyperinflation.

restoreshancellor confidence in the economy by introducing a new currency, which in early 1924 stabilized the system like a sort of blank slate to start again on better footing. this worked for about five years between 1924 and 1929. 1924 a virtuous circle was created. wall street banks lent money to germany and the allies paid their war debts. financially reinvigorated, europe exploded with culture, sports, and consumerism. the golden 20's in germany. germany was on borrowed money and borrowed time. >> there was an outpouring of art and culture for complex reasons. the desire to escape the first world war and economic growth.

berlin was the center of it all, but it is easy to forget there was also munich, docile dark -- dusseldorf, and a traditional germany that was very shocked. meanwhile, the foreign minister wanted to restore german prestige as the leading european nation. the french foreign secretary turned out to be willing to listen. before, he was a man of peace -- before he was a man of peace, he was a man of war. he was the longest-running prime minister before the war and this event changed him. of the 1920's, he came around to the idea that reconciliation with germany was the onlyly possiblble option. improved franco german

relations led to the admission of gerermany to the league of nations, promoted by p president wilson and establisheded by the treaty o of versailles. with the treatiess of 1925, germany was formally recognizedd with its new western borders and mapped out in versailles. >> on the french side, they wanted to eliminate german revisionism by ceiling is internationalmany revisions as possible. side, a policy with france. to promote a peaceful interpretation of the treaty of versailles. in september 1926, germany joined the league. two months later, the two months later, the two ministers

received the nobel peace prize. 63 countries,r, including germany, renounced the use of war by signing g a pact. 1929, a speech to the league of nations proposed a link between european countries and collective disarmament. [speaking foreign language] >> the following month, there was a sharp turn of events. wall street crash signaled the start of the great depression. americans found themselves without jobs, and the reverberations hit germany hard.

did germany turn to to pay its debts from the treaty of versailles? the u.s. when the crash arrived, the effects on the financial economy spilled over into the real economy. -- germanyuccumbed succumbed to them straightaway. unemployment in germany spread quickly to the highest in europe. >> as for politics, to tackle the debt crisis, he cut public benefits and raised taxes, which we him it -- which made him extremely unpopular. the political elite reacted to the crisis of 1929 with austerity policies. initially, they were sent to, but when hitler's came to power the positive effects began to be felt.

hitlerer soldier adolf was inspired by the anti-semitic by 1921 he was running the nazi party. two years later, he landed in prison. kampf, whiche mein is sold by the thousands. the nazi party was not winning a significant part of elections, but two years later everything changed. to power was rise first and foremost due to their results rising over elections. fromptember 1930, it went 2.5% to over 18%. that set the ball rolling. in july, 1932, they won 38%,

becoming germany's main paparty. this paparty first in the polls but without aa majority, hitler demanded the chancellorship.

brown: an historic aid experiment is about to be rolled out in western kenya. it's radical, i it challengngesa lot of common perceptions about charity, , and it'ss based in rural villages like this one on the sreres of lake vivictoria.