>> welcome to global 3000! thisis is what's l left after r cane is processed. it mig look likeaste - butut for tea factctories in kenya, t could be a very useful resource. apps that do their bit: we meeeet people whose lives he been changed w with the help f technology. but we start in iran - whehere there's incrcreasing oppositin to the regime. and activists

are looking for allies abroad. just how do angry citizens voice their opposition in an authoritarian country like iran? for months, there have been regular protests against the government in teheran - which has often responded with brutal force. ♪ then, in early january, the us announced it had killed qasem soleimani, iran's top general. images of rallies with hundreds of thousands of grief-stricken iranians were seen around the world. many of them may have attended under pressure from a government keen to present a nation united against america. in response, teheran targeted us military bases - and accidentally shot down a ukrainian passenger jet, killing all 176 on board and triggering more anti-government protests within iran. many iranians abroad have also long been vocal about their

opposition to the regime. >> in frankfurt, at least aniaians c enjoyoy aoncert i in frfreedom. ththey're eagerlrly awaiting is ggggest pop star: googoosh.. she's been a singer for more than 50 years. ♪ that also explains so o of ththe nostalgia a that iranianss feel aboutut her. googoosh r reminds them m of e time before the islamic revoluon.. many hope toto hear her peperm atome agagaione day.y. as a woman, she can't ngng on stage iraran. >> i hopepe that one day i'lle able g give a concerert in ir. after all, i i'm a singer r for iranians. i i sing for thehem. it only realally makes senensei cacan sing in iriran.

♪ > >> after the i islamic revolution, googoosh remained in iraran for 20 yeaears -- and dn't't sin then she lefeft the countrtry,d began perfrfming againin. at her recent concncerts, shes been showing videos of the regime's brutatal crackdowns n strereet protests. >> dedemonstrators s are also tang t to the streets because they can't even afford bread. they go ouon thehe street anad protest and they a k killed r that.. why do young people whwho have done nothihing but demononstre have to die?e? >> according to reuters news agency, about 1500 people were killed during two weeks of unrest in november, 2019. thousands were imprisoned. that did not stop demonstrators coming out again at the start of the year. they're chanting: away with the revolutionary guard. leave our country in peace. >> we are prisoners in this country. imprisoned.

god save us. anyone whoho can, please save r children. i have small children, pleleae rescue them from this country. >> the protests were again brutally put down. people no longer dare to give intervws. this message was sent to us by phone. >> the secret police here have an extremely effective system. after the protests, they look at photos and the mobile phone videos to identify everyone who was there - and arrest them. >> right now, when you want to protest against the islamic republic, it means that you have to risk your life. why? because you're not sure if you take to the street thahat you'e going to get back home. you're not sure if you're going to get injured, get killed. or you're going to get into prison. or you will be disappeared. >> masih alinejad gives a voice to many in iran.

she was invited to the world economic forum in davos, switzerland, to speak k about huhuman rights in heher homel. iran's foreign minister, javad zarif, cancelled his attendance at short notice, citing changes to the schedule. masih alinejad receives thousands of videos from iran, which she posts online. she says protests in the country are growing more frequent - which is putting pressure on the regime. >> how can foreign minister zarif face the international community, looking into their eyes, and deny all the massacres and killings? and putting several thousand people in jail? -- 700000 people inin jail? for , i i thinthis i is e titipping int.t. theyey a very wewe. >> members of t the iranian opposisition in eurorope hopeo exploit thisis weakness. they've fofounded the 'i'irn transition council, or itc, to brg totogeth iraninian didissidents at t home and abr. in germany, , green party y mep omid nouripour invitedhehem to a meing atat t bundestst.

mehran barati of the council says the regimime can't survre withouout a stable e econom. >> in iran, thehe system hass lost itsts economic c bas. they don't e even have thehe my to pay theheir civil serernts- the teachers, workers, thehe lilitary, e rerevolutionaryy guard. they no ngnger have e e money. >> omid nouripour s says th me h has come for r europe to stand by its values. >> trump rnrned in not t kill itswn p peoe and he's righ even i iit's not that criblele, given thate's s baed iranians fromnterininthe us. i wish that eupe w wou issue stemementsike this, with their credilitity. >> the ssion to place behi closed ors. afterwards, we were told that the meeting may have ended - but the talks will continue. in iran, smartphones have become an essential tool for the protesters. and in fact, many of us can no longer imagine life without our on-the-go access to emails,

streaming apps, and messaging. there are an estimated 3.2 billllion smartphohone users worldwide e - and, last t year alone, users downloaded around 204 billion apps. ♪ most app providers - whether those behind games, shopping or social media apps - are primarily interested in downloads, advertising and of course profits. but there are app developers with another aim in mind: they want to use technology to help others - whether migrants, children or people with disabilities. this week in our workplaces series, we meet two of them - in germany and i in india. >> the streets of berlin trigger memories of her old life. maria becker is just 17, but she's already been through a lot. she used to be homeless - a

rough sleeper and drug user who eventually ended up in rehab. it's not easasy for maria to tk about her past. she doesn't say exactly what happened. just that there were problems with her mother. >> we didn'n't get on. i i used to o live in leipzig. then when i was 13, i moved into a flat-share. i kept on running g away from there. regularly, for long periods. then, i ended up on the street. first in halle, then berlin and then hamburg. >> mariria alwa had h her cellphone and that t made may things easier. because at some poinint she stumbled upon mokli, an online service for the homeless. the app provides a kind of city map p that lists places to slep and d shower, doctors and advie centerers. >> i i used thehe app to seer example where i could get food or find help. there's also an sos button that activates a whatsapp group, and

if you've got anan urgent problem, you can text and they'll find a solution. as a minor, you can't just go up to someone and say 'i'm homeless -- where can i go to get help?' this app keeps you anonymous. no one knows stuff like how old you are. >> an a app for peoplple in ut needed of help ththat's alsoe focus of thihis gathering g in dia,a, twoours n nor of mumb. these wowomeare profofsional state-apapproved healtlth work. they'r're being traiained to e ogya sakhihi, an app thahat'll soon be helplping them to o tt ththeir patientsts -pregna w w, yog moththers and their babies. the idea for the app came from aparna hegde, a gynecologist from mumbai who is also the founder of the ngo armann.

she's seen several women die during pregnancy or in childbirth, and sayshosese deathsouldld havbeen prevevented with b better medl cacare. >> this a app is an intntuite diagnosticic tool that t takese workers to the symptoms, the science,e, the diagnostitic teo be performed, and at the end tells her what risk ctors ththe mother o or child has. what she cano toto helthe mothther and childld, when shes toto refer and w what is an emergency rereference. so what t happens is t that rk factors are pickedp p very eay and momoths' and children's liv are saved. >> withhehe help of thehe aroa sakhi app, som18,0,000 pregnant women, young mothers a b babie have alreaeady been treatetedn vivillages in ththe state of mahararashtra. it documents information on ththings le hehealthheck-u-ups whicich medicaonon is appropriate,e, or how the e wn are doing after th'v've give rth. it also provides brief filmsms withth basic information for expectant motherers. the figures indicate the extent

of the need. it's standard practice in india for a woman to receive four medical check-ups during her pregnancy. but even in urban centers, just 31% of all women are able to access the full service. in rural regions, that figure drops to only 17%. ♪ an online service for the homeless in germany in the offices of karuna, an aid organization for young people in berlin. andré neupert was motivated by practical concerns such as what's the best way to help youngsters who end up on the streets? and above all: what's the simplest way to reach them? >> the first question was whether or not homeless youngsters have smartphones. anand of course, many do. young people who live on the streets see their phones as the final link to friends or home,

and view them as their most valuable possession. it's not just a status symbol. it's a multi-functional device that also provides a flashlight, music and so on. >> a smartphone-based service cacan help many y people. there are some 237,000 homeless in germany. of those, an estimated 19,000 or 8% are children or young people under the age of 18. people like maria becker. she now lives in a small hostel run by karuna giving her the opportunity to lead a normal life again. >> good. >> she has no idea how things would have worked out without the online service. >> it's more difficult to find something without the app, particularly if you're under 18. most people just call the police if th s see a kidid livg on the street. but you don't really want to end up with the police, or even with the children's emergency service. not really.

>> in pririnciple we'rere n advocacycy group lobbying for homeless young people. there are plenty of lobby groups and advocacy groups in germany, but not for those right at the bottotom of the social scale. and to represent and help them is something society should aspire to do. ♪ >> this i is the small l vile of raitatala, a two-hohour dre nortrth of mumbai.i. herereit feels like we're aa world awayay from modernrnity d the neararest hospitalal. that explains the excitentnt wheneneveralkrusushnjadhav p ps a sit. she's s e of the arogya sakhi advisors.. baaiai, as she's k known here, stops s by the home ofof a vilr who'o's eight montnths pregna. a service like this ceptptional in rururalegions of india. she's brbrought along g a bloood

pressure monitor and, most importantly, a tablet with the health app. >> before t the app, i wawast very w well-infoformed and tred my patients with very basic medicacation. the e app helps meme identiy problems m more accuratetel. it indicateses what i shououlo in a partiticular situatatn fr examample, if the e issue is serious s enough to rerequire a trip to the hospspital. we're upskilling existing government h health workererse arare not creatiting a parallell sysystem. these health workers are anyway connected to the healtlth syst. and hence,e, the mothersrs and children arere served betttter, also the prorogram can cononte in the future even without o suppt. >> aai ninileshill hahaveer baby in a a few weeks. althouough she was i initially rried d abougivingng birth, now she's confident everythingilill be finine.

>> a a lady from ogogya sak visitsts me every momonth at h. she examines me and enenters al the information into the app. i i know that ifif something's's wrong, the app w will immediaty infoform my health worker so tt she can reacact straightawaway. >> baai is ckck on the ad. shshe's responsiblble for sevenn villagages in the reregion. and the next patatient a few kilomemeters away i is already waiting. ♪ >> now it's time for something savoury: this week's global snack comes from the philippines. ♪ >> payatas, a poor neighbororhood northeaeast ofe capitatal manila is s where ni elago has her snack bar.

♪ it's mostly hungry workers who come here. they want food that is fast, cheap and filling. the e chef specializes in the popular snack: lugaw (loo-gau). a bowl costs 10 pesos - not even 20 euro cents. >> lugaw is rice porridge with chicken. i use chicken feet because they're very affordable fofor everyone. anyone can buy lugaw - it's so affordable that even children can buy it as a snack. >> in a big pot, sticky rice and regular rice are boiled together to form a thick gruel. the chicken feet provide the flavor - along with congealed chicken blood - and the kitchen's secret ingredient: bouillon cubes!

[sounds of stirring and sizzling] after cooking for an hour, the rice porridge is ready. it is garnished with garlic and the juice of calamansi lime. ♪ >> filipinos traditionally eat five meals a day - lugaw is a popular morning or afternoon snack. it is even considered a home remedy for colds. >> i mean lugaw is the typical comfort food of filipinos. just we like to eat hot,t, filling food whenever it rains. and even if it's hot, people will still choose it, i myself will still choose to eat lugaw. >> my mother used to cook lugaw every morning.

that's why i try to eat it every day. >> some regions in the philippines also have a sweet version of lugaw, but here in payatas, customers love the spicy taste - no matter at what time of day. ♪ >> a now in global ideas, we're off to kenya. the east african country has a high domestic energy demand and inin many sectors, includingnge tea industry, people are keen to find alternatives to fossil fuels. kenya is afrfrica's leadininga prproducer. in k kericho countnr colleague, cornelia borrmann discovered several tea processising companies that ae using sustainable energy sources fromom the local a ar. >> when the s sun shines, the rolling landscape of kericho

county comomes to li. vibrbrant green exextends as fs the eye e can see. [amambient m] the e fields are c covered ina bushes, which grow very well here. this is kenya's most important tea-growing region. isaiah kibeteth kiriu has sa plantatation here. he's one of 600,000 smallholrr farmrmers o workrkith the nya tea devevelopment enency, the ktda. tea has provided his famil th a good living. >> tea is thehe best sourcecf income. the mamain source ofof income. i have three boys who ve mpleleted rm four. and i did d not go for anywhee fofor financial l suppt. is only tea. >> the e tea from hisis farms processesed just a fewew kiloms away in the e tebesonik fafact,

which is also affiliated whh ktdada. the workers first serarate the teleaveses io equallllsized batches.s. afteterwards, ththey areririeda procesess that takeses several sts. the drying process requis ilers likehese. they consume a great deaof fifiwood. momost of this w wood comes fm ththe factory's s own plantat. trees are growing scar i in th gion. two o ars ago, the govnmenent imsed a motorium ologging in public forests. th's's also y ththe faory ususes charcl l briquetteses e out t of fibrous s sarcane reresidue. a number o of countries s have begun n exploring g this bagass a promising g source of bibios energy. >> theriququetare compted and do not requi a lot of ststore space. and then it'alalso very easy to transport t them, you know, les bulky.

and from uninit, a unit weweigf iquet,t, ware ableleo generate more energy than fifirewood > the a fafactorhas alalady beenble e to replace one-fifth of its wooood consumptioion wh briquetteses. th're hohopi to incrcrease that amount -- ideally kiking firewood u unnecessary.. rocío diaz-chaves has visited several tea a factories. she's heheading a projecect to investigate e whether swititcg to briquetettes would mamake a prodtionon morsustaiainae. th entaiai assessing the variouprococesng steps - such as fmentation as well as analyzing the enentire productn chain. how much r raw material l andw much energy is consumetoto obin t the final proroduct? her assessment drawsn 2424 creria thahareseararchs developed a number of yeyears a. >> wlolook not just t at the environmenental aspect..

we are lookiking also r r the soci, ececonomic and e even a fourth p pillar, that is on gogovernance, onon policy ad regution. so we considerhihis is ao partrt of the wholole susustainabilityty assessment.t. >> this assessment has to be done for the tea production -- and also for the briquettes. that's why the renewable energy ecialist is visiting this ctctory. >> thanknk you. thank k you. >> sugarcanane byproductsts e oftesimplyly dped at t t adsidede, ere theyeyot and emit the greenhouse seses cacarb dioxidedend methane. but here, theyey're tued i inta valuable resource. >> this is in liline with circar ecoconomy. this i is what we want to prome wiwith bioenergygy and bioecon. how you can reallyly have a rounded cycycle for the e biom.

> huge amounts of this w we are e produced dururing sugr prodtionon. 10100 tons of wawaste can be td ininto roughly 4 45 tons of briqueuettes. first ththe sugarcane e bagasss to be drdried and shreredde. then it't's molded intnto brbriquettes undnder high pres. since they're e made out of aa wastste product, n no additiol land h has to be put under cultivation. that's a key indicator for sustainability. tranansportation e emissions e also takaken into accocount. >> the way they are rkrking really tcoconsid radiuiu so where theyey can deliverer the iqiquettes[souounds machihine so as long a as they a within ththese 0 toto maxum 20000 kikilomers, ththis is stilll within a range that the emissionarare not too high for transport. >> ininhis case, , the raw material d doesn't have e faro travavel. a lalarge sugarcanane mill s located jujust a few kilometes from t the briqutete facto.

the workerers dry so o of the garcrcane gasse e byand. that also provideses a regular source of income one of t the sustainababiliy criteria t takes job c creation ininto account - - and also thte exextent to whicich women bene. the production of sugarcan iqueuettess now w anmergingg industry here. >>atat any o timime we have about eighty, ninety ladies drying w wet bagasse f for us. so you can s see overall we h have createted jof about 18180-200 people a mont. >> althgh t the briquetettes offer many b befits, onlnly a w factories are using g them. they don't't have the e necesy experience and training. that's why the tebesonik tea factory is conducting traininig sessioions. rkers s fr other t t companieies come here toto len how to besest combine brbriques and wood so o as to not ovoverd the boilerers - and, to o phast firewood as s much as possssi. that wouldld help preserer the

remainining woodlands and prott bibiodiversity. ititould also o benefit the a plplantaons s - and the e farm. farmers who are affiliat w with ktdaike isisai kibeth h rui mighght on be abable to profitn a a different waway, too. >> when they use the brbrique, the company also rededuces the expenditure and they save monen. and ththmoney y sad goes t tthe fafaers. >> last year, t p price oteaa fell on n the world markrke. so f for tea farmemers in nya, evevy centnt cous. ♪ >> and that's all frorom us ts time.. we hope you enjoyed the show. we're back next week and you know what to do in the meantime: send u us your views and commen!

we're at global3000@dw.com. and follow us on facebook: dw women. see you soon. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy.

narrarator: on ththis episodedef "eaarth focus"s"... the e race to transition to sustainable solar powower is underway. in zanzibar, rural women are learning solar skills, bucking a tradition of entrenched gender roles, empowering their communities in the process, while in southernrn californini, it's genererating the e growth f grgreen jobs s and winning over skeptics. [filmlm advance clicking]