>> the u.s. targets china over hong kong, saying it will slap sanctions on those restricting hong kong's autonomyy, china promising to retaliate with sanctions. vows tontitrust chief continue her fight against tax measures used by multinationals after a tax ruling by apple and ireland. a bill looking at the return of artwork to africa, much which had been looted during france's colonial era.

slapng says it is ready to the u.s. with sanctions after new moves targeting china. the new american sanctions coming down hard on american businesses doing business with china. our correspondent reports. >> there are two things as we heard. there is an executive order that puts an end to preferential treatment of hong kong, and as we heard t p president say, hong kong will be treated exactly like mainland china. that is particularly true on trade because now hong kong will be tradeded the s se way as t te rest of f china. u.s.means the tariffs the has slapped on china will be applied to the trade with hohong kokong and t that is a big deal. donald trump signing into law legislation that passed

unanimously through congress earlier this month, the hong kong accountability act. it is slapping sanctions on entities and individuals who are helping g china implement new security laws in hong kong, and any financial in the duchenne's who do business with these entities -- institutions who do business with these entities. we do nonot know what that listf entities and individuals iss, because as the state department and treasury department will have up to 90 days to come up with a list of entitieses they wantnt sanctioned, and the president will have up to a year to implement sanctions. so far, it is all wording and rhetoric. we do not have any concrete sanctionons now. >> that is our washington correspondent.

the trump administration drop plans to strip foreign students of their visas if there classes went online. threatened legal action against the white house over the move. a potential new vaccine for covid-19 is entering its final stage trial this month. he final h human trials will bebegin on the 27tho tetest how well l the vaccine cn protect people in thehe real world. of themes after results first stage of the vaccine, generatedl recipieients antibodies. >> jennifer haller was among the first volunteers to test t the covid-19 vaccine. othermonths l later, 30,000 people are set to get there injection in phase three of the trials which in u.s. is the

first t to kickoff. labs are racing to find aa vaccine to block the spread of the coronavirus, but scientists say peoples safety should be the focus. >> we all know t that developing vaccines is a didifficult p pro. it is not always a straightt lie , , so if everything works w wee can anticipate may be at the beginning of the year sometime, first quarter of the year, wee might have r results. >> mode dhdharna'ss product -- t 's productmodernana works differently. this vaccine encodes information and proteins are grown inside the body. this technique saves time, allowing less to provide more vaccines -- labs provide more vaccines.

no volunteerers have suffered major side effects and allll developed antibodies, but phase three will determine its effectiveness. once full results are examined by the scientific community. >> the european union's anti-trust chief vowed to continue her fight against tax measures used by multinationals after the second highest court ruled in favor of apple and theand in its dispute with eu over 13 billion euros in back taxes. ireland says it welcomes the ruling. stephen carroll told us more. stephen: this is the general court of the european union, the second highest court. orderingld the appeal ireland to collect 1 1billion euros in taxes for mackle -- apple.

it said the commission had not proven ireland had given apple a special advantage that amounted to state aid. whatkground to this case, happened was the european commission was investigating two tax rulings given by the tax authority to apple. the commission argued they amounted to illegal state aid given just you applele in this case and has the effecect of substantntially reduducing the amount of tax apple has to pay in ireland, aa rate as low as .005% calculated by what was paid by apple. has upheld thert challenge and said the commission has not proven the case. there is the chance for a fufurther appeal and we can expt the commission will appeal. >> a french cabinet meeting is

looking at a bill over the return of artwork to africa, much of which had been looted during the colonial era. the bell relates to works relating -- bill relates to works from senegal. >> it is the complex and controversial debate that in a historic move three years ago, french presidedent emmanuel macn -- africa'ss heritage could no longer remaian in museums. that theot accept cultltural part of african countrtries is in france. there are historical explanations but no valid, lasting, and unconditional justification. >> macron ordered a report which ultitimately found that all objejects taken withoutt consent during the colonial era should

be t temporarily or permanently returned, and the bill could have far-reaching consequences. up to 95% of africa's cultural heritage is held by museums outside of africa. 70,000 are in the cape morning museum. 26 objects looted by french beonial forces in 1892 would returned as quickly as possible, a move hailed by curators. >> we need these assets to andngthen our economy provide employment for the many cultural heritage managers and curators on the ground. >> senegegal would also see objectcts returned. their famous sabr is already on loan along with other works, however critics say much art was rightfully acquired after

independence, and point to a legal issue that objects come from places and countries that no longer exists. others have raised practical concerns such as the security of artifacts while many countries in africa lackck the resources o care for them. -- is the founder of the contemporary a art exam and jois me -- museum and joins me to talk about the return of african art. the french cabinet is looking at a bill that would move this into place. are you optimistic that this bill will be adopted? all africa isk quite optimistic. even though it is only 26 objects and one from senegal, we feel it isis a first and will ba historical change because nowowt means african countries who ask for the heritage can be heard,

and something can change and objects can come back. i feel optimistic. >> it is just a drop in the bucket we are talking some 90% of sub-saharan artifacts housed outside of the continent. is the goal to get them back to the cocountries they came from? >> no, i d don't feel that. today we hear people e saying we want to get back the 90,000 objects, andff couourse that is not the subject. the subject is how do you give their heritage back in all different countries? received benin case, w we the collection in 2006 and exhibited them m for three mont. visitors s see the artifacts. it was the first time they were

coming back it was a very -- back. it was a very popular event. that a iortant tododay french state and african state understand it is important for the e population to have accesso their history, memory, and heritage. it is impoportant that thesese objects s come back,k, but not e 90,000.. we have 26 coming back,k, but mt important. they come from the royal court and our last king, and explain our history to the next generation, so that will be a great achievement. >> what about the practical concerns? people argue the security of the artifacts will not be insured because museums might not have the resources to care for these works of art. is that a viable argument? >> you cannot listen to every

racicist argument. what we do with our heritage is our problem. we are not asking england or france o or germany to tell us whatat to do with ouour heritag. s so weesponsible states can do exactctly whawewe want. people, when did they last go africa in general? when did thohose people come and concncede that our r resources e so bad? did d you see what happened in e museum? we have museums in a lot of countries that are very is s and youly here just d don't know. you cannot listen to racist ideas s about our museum and having a look at africa that it is not 21st century look. >> what is your hope for the

future if these 26 pieces are brought back? how do you see this developing? what other pieces might come baback back will becoming shown to the population and preserved correctly.. i hope everything will bee done to make people able to enjoy and understand their history. i feel it will be a first. i hope other countrieses will at the same and all thee yououth in the didifferent countries willle able to access their history. today, it is a very important thing. 1892, it is not only a question of our objects. it is our history and culture leaving. we need to build our new gegeneration without knowing the root and that is the real

question, so i hope senegal, ivory coast, all the other countries will follow soon. >> thank you for taking the time to speak w with us from the contememporary art museum in benin. it is summer in france and despite covid-19, more and more sites are opening up to try and jumpstart the tourist industry. the third floor of the eiffel tower is finally opening after months of confinement. monument,entury iron one of france's most visited, opened its first two floors inin late june and its largest closure since world war ii. disneyland paris also partially reopening to the public today, four months after it closed. doors inis opening its a phased way, starting with disneyland parks and walt disney studios.

24."s for watching g "france i will be back in about 15 minutes with some more of your headline. -- headlines. ♪ welcome to the interview. we are joined by one of the living legends among reporters, one of the most favors british journalists, john swain. >> hello. >> thank you for being with us. you are in paris 22 years afaftr being published. your book has been translated in book i can iconic say all around the world. nows translated in french at the publishing company, so i wanted to first ask you a

question because i in the first pages, you are writing -- i didn't want to trade nostalgia. what do you mean by this? whichochina is a place particularly in the war, captured the imagination of every westerner who was there, whether french planters, soldiers, american soldiers, warnalists, all of that changes people, changes me. give a sense to that i was nostalgic for war or would have something nostalgic for the countries i was in, but they were going through the most terrific times so i'm not sure what wouldld be nostalgic. it marked me and marked other people so in that sense it is nostalgic. >> we are also to say farewell

to china, alll your memories asa young journalalist being put in this major war in chihina. towriting the book was a way put into hardcovers, between hardcovers my experiences in indochina as a war correspondent , and it is a book about coming-of-age, going, entering adulthood by confronting a hohorrific situation.. inin one of the most exotic and beautiful places in the world.. >> you are very nicely using the macomb river, whwhich is the momother of waters, if you go by strictly the name. using the macomb river as an analogy of a memorial or a lot

of senses, i bet you were also saying the macomb is not as innocent as it seems. what d do you mean? >> one has a romantic vision about the mequon, which is the most beautiful river. indochina,ana, but in vietnam, cambodia, i have seen it in its ferocity in the border between laos and cambodia. then i it becomes more gentle, e river flow anynyway. it is the dry season. it travels through lands which at that time were at war and the most horrific things were happening around the mekekong. bodiesto see floaty -- floating. >> the book is an iconic book and was published 22 years ago, very famous, one of the key

books regarding the memories of indochina war. francewe explain why in we were covering the indochina war? it took 22 years to be translated for the french public. would you say or think that there was may be inference and in the west, problems to face bad memories? french,a war we lost as and it was quite difficult to address to the public this kind of memories. >> may b be a little bit, but te main reason it wasn't translated into friends is my -- france is my english promoters were lazy in france, and i did not do much about it myself. i always wanted it to be translated to france -- french. i have a strong attachment to

france in a lot of ways. the e colonies in vietnam and cambodia made that even more strong for me. a -- yes,at t there is there is a tendency for some countries to try and forget and turn their back on colonial episodes. --the same time, >> the americans were not too eager to address the defeat in vietnam. particularlyans were very bitter in defeat and magnanimous in victory, as weise -- as we saw from the second world war. pages,he most somber some events you have been witnessing regarding the tragic events of people and vietnam living after 1975 going into

high seas in the china sea. as a reporter, are youou combind heart,th your memory, spirit, such tragic, because what you are describing is violent? do you live with ghosts? >> sometimes, not as much now because i am older. when i am confronted by southeast asian people, people from cambodia, vietnam, laos in difficult circumstances, i am really touched because i can see in their faces what i saw in their faces back in 1970 to 1975 when i was there, how they express fear, terror, hunger. of -- breakssort my heart. man who builtg

you or destroyed you, what is the present age? >> i think it built me. i am not the same person i was all those years ago, but someone said to me e there is such thing as a bad experience -- no such thing as a bad experience because you can learn from it. terribly, what the important thing is, journalists are privileged. i was privileged to be there at a young age, privileged to see those things, horrrrible as thty were, to see life at its most horrendous, ready at the sharp see a lot of sufferering but also terrific humanity, human beings helping each other as well. that marks you. from that point of view, i i d't think it turned me into a cynic.

>> turning back to the book, i wowould have to ask your reflections after decades of wars around the world, it seems like history does nothing because we have the same tragedy . we have refugees all around the world and still the same problems of corrupt governments, the lack of understanding or willing to do something by the international community. what is your reflection? >> it doesn't nullify what i did. riting that history repeats itself. i am not a journalist who believeves he can chanange the d by what was written. that is incredibly pretentious, but trying to write what you see and feel and be honest, because we are in a privileged place, and leading your readers as if they are on your shoulders so

they can see what you see and bring it home to them, has to be a good thing. >> there are some beautiful pages andd lines you are writing in your book. you mentioned beauty and sadness. i have to ask how you reconcile violence and, barbarism, and beauty you have been witnessing in cambodia, how do you reconcile that or is s it possssible?? >> human b beings have t two sis them.m. onone thing i came away with is that human beingngs even in thee places, in the most exotic places, can behahave disgustingy towards each other and led very badly by people who encourage that. that is what happened in cambodia.

there e is a famamous french expression about the cambodian smile. they always smile and have very beautiful people. the famous cambodian king of the 19th century said to the french officers, you have to realilize cambodia owes dutch cambodians are likike c cows ine rice field. if you provoke them too much, they get very mad. >> in your professional experience back two days -- years ago -- two decades ago, would it be possible today? >> largely not. journalism has changed so much. first t of all, you cannot get away f from your foreign editorl

editor. you have a mobile phone with you all the timime, he is in touch with youou asking g what you se, telling you u where to go. one has lost one's independence. i love to be a figure wandering around and reporting what i see, and all of that has changed. the world, like in syria, is very dangerous to go to. we lost in cambodia more than 20 journalists in eight weeks, a horrific casualty figure. they were either killed or still missing so they are dead, out of a press corps of about 60,0, and that hasas not been matchched en in syria. that was the khmer rouge. thetimes i say they aree precursor of isis, not from a religious point of view or anything like that, but they were psychopopathic anand killed anyone who encroached on their

territory. not to have publicity or anything like that like isis has done, but to just start a pathological hatred. >> thank you very much. this is the end of the interview. thank you for

man: i remember r years back talking to my dad and saying, "at some point in my career, i'd love to do a deli." and i remember him looking at me in a surprised way like, "really? why? you've spent all this s time in fine dining and trtraveled the world d and traid yourself. why the ... do you want to do o a deli? [bell d dings] i think i was ultimately drawn to the deli because spending so much titime in delis as a kididt was sort of attached to my soul a little bit. it's so part and parcel of my culture and myy growing up and the jewish story

across america, but my jewish