>> hello, and to her for joioing us. good to have you with us. we start with the summit where a you leaders have been discussing the block's budget and how much to spend to help member states recover from the coronavirus pandemic. leaders disagree with the size and form of the recovery fund. some countries like the netherlands one fewer grants, more loans, and reaching a deal has proved so tough, that instead of lasting two days, the talks are set to resume in brussels for a fourth day. peter o'brien reports. >> in brussels, two days of negotiations have turned into four.

talks have turned into shohouts with discussions reportedly getting heated overnight on sunday. eu leaders are nevertheless determined to hash out the final details of the coronavirus recovery deal with the austrian chancellor noting that tough negotiations have led to satisfying results. billion euro rescue package is said to be doled out as a mix of l loans set to be pd backck by individual countries d grant financed by eu borrowing. the so-called frugal countries want to -- want a higher proportion of it to be loans. the rest of the block wants more of it to be grants. a compromise seems to be in reach, but therere are more isss to work out to the dutch prime minister wants the european council to be able to withhold the funds from any country not upholding the rule of law. a demand hungry sees as a slight

to the public. >> i do not know what is the personal reason for the dutch prime miminister to hate me or hungry, but he is attacking harshly and making clear that because hungry does not respect the rule of law, it must be punished financially. that is his position. it is not acceptable. >> they also want a veto on economic plans by the likes of italy and spain to force them to pursue reforms, and 90 -- idea fiercely r resisted by italy. >> you heard one of the eu so-called frugal countries is austria. we can go to our correspondent there. tell us more about where austria and some of the other so-called frugal countries stand. >> there is a fundamental difference in position ultimately on these funds.

on the one hand, you have countries like france and germany that are saying the most important thing right now is to help those countries most in and spain,s italy and that this is not the time for nitpicking. it is not the time for penny-counting. it is not the time to discuss the kinds of reforms financial systems that countries like australia and the netherlands are saying need to be carried out in return n for these funds. the position of austria, the netherlands, and the other so-called four countries plus more recently f finland it appes say ththis is th time e -- they have a responsibility to taxpayers, and their focus is on the financial side of things. they want more transparency. they want the ability to withhold funds if things are not proceeding satisfactorily. /in concessions on

what it means to be european in a time of major crisis brought about this pandemic. that explains the irritations expressed by french president emmanuel macron who would really said sebastian cook, the austrian chancellor, is more interested in his domestic audience. he does not have the right attitude to these talks, and it is really a question of what it in a to be european crisis. >> since you mentioned the domestic audience, what is in it politically. what is the domestic context in which he is making these decisions?s? >> of course there is momore tot than just the conception. ththe so-called countries -- the frugugal countries, are playiyio domesticic audiences. they h have national, domomestic

legal considerations. sebastian cookok is keenly awawe of the position of his constituents, if y you will, o n the e question of european responsibility, eu fununds, and the e like. while therere is strongupupportn auststria forr membership in the european union, it is not utterly overwhelming, and where you see the support begin to be differentiated is in the question of precisely matters like this divide -- the so-called divide between north and south. a couple of days ago sebastian made waves in austria by referring to systems of countries like italy as broken, but what he said he meant was that aspects off the economic ad financial system in countries like italy were broken, and the lack of transparency and so on -- it still created waves in the

sense that it was directed at domestic constituents. >> thank you very much. in after the lockdown ended france, , masks becameme compuly in public transport andnd taxis, but now you have to wear o one n all indndoor spaces or risk a $5 fine. a n new decree coming into effet as coronavirus infection numbers start climbing again, and scientists are convinced airborne transmission plays a role in the spread of the virus. >> the french government once calleded the wearing of masks by the general public useless. fromom today, people are obliged to wear one in all enclosed public spaces in france or face a 135 fine. french] ing french] ing

>> the rule applies to any establishment that welcomes the public, from restaurants and cinemas to hospitals and schools. onk us had been obligatory public transport andnd requiredn museums and on a case-by-case basis in shops. it replaces advice that had been laxly followed with a blank light rule -- blanket rule. >> [speaking french] >> [speaking french] >> it is a long way from the government advice at the start of the epidemic, which said masks did not work for control and urged people to save them for health care workers, but it in the westerngns

part of the country that had been spared. the viral transmission rate has crept up to over one. that means every sick person infects about 1.2 people in return. the coronavirus pandemic has affected the popularity of israel prime minister. not happyng most are with his response. he faces a corruption trial but a court announced witnesses will not be heard until january, adding fuel to the fire. a it is a great place for quiet by to read in turbulent jerusalem. its owner has taken a financial hit from covid-19. left-winger, but there furious with their prime minister. >> at first, we were the best, then it started to be a mess

politically. ,here is no thinking, no logic no corporation between the different departments -- nothing at all. it is just a big mess. >> the government has decreed that restaurants must close again as of tuesday. daniela has already had to pass with one employee. >> no matter what, i will die here. >> many israelis now believe that prime minister met in netanyahu led to the second wave. the second -- anticorruption activists were on the streets demanding his registration -- resignation. >> he is taking the country

hostage in his attempt to escape from the court. >> all he is trying to do is avoid his trial and trying to in a discount on his taxes this crazy situation. that is what he is doing. no, i don't think he is good for the coronavirus. >> benjamin netanyahu is israel's longest-serving prime minister and a political survivor come but 20% unemployment and an uncontrolled second wave of infections have weakened him, especially now that right-wing voters are starting to join the protests. the u.s., wherere the governor f oregonon and mayor of portrtland agents toant federal leave the city. people have been in portland streets for more than 50 consecutive days protesting against police brutality and racism. some marches turning violent.

local officials say sending federal agents has only made a bad situation n worse and some have accused donald trump of exposing the attention for clinical gains. peter o'brien reports. -- political gains. peter o'brien reports. >> there is federal muscle on the streets of portland against the will of federal -- authorities. after more than 50 days of protests, there were riots and clashes with homeland security officers on the weekend. the mayor says there had been a de-escalation and violence last week, b but the unrnrequested federal intervention has reignited it. >> president trump h has used or city as s a stagining ground to further his political agenda, to causeg his base further divisiveness, and in doing so endangering portlanders. >> donald trump says the situation was out of control and homeland security forces needed to intervene.

are trying to help portland, not hurt it. their leadership has, for months, lost control of the anarchist and educators. they are missing in action. we must protect federal property and our people. >> multiple videos published online show the federal officers, without clear i id badges using force and unmarked vehicles to make arrests. the state of oregon has filed a lawsuit against the u.s. agencies involved, claiming they violated civilil rights by detaining peoplele witho prprobable c cause. democrcratic lawmakersrs, meanw, have demanded internal investigations into whether the justice and homeland security departments have abused emergency powers and handling the portland protests. >> turning our attentition now o efforts to resolve the political crisis in marley -- while west

african mediators have proposed --ower-sharing government the mediators are from the west t theyan regional bloc c and suggest giving members of the current gogovernment coalition half the position in a new unity government. >> it is urgent to set up a government of national unity on -- taking into account national dialogue in the followingg distributionn proposs . the percent t of the membebers f the government w will come fromm coalilition, 30% fromom the opposition, and 20% from civil society. >> let's go back to our top story now, and that is the eu summit, which world leaders are trying to agree on a budget and how much to spend on helping member states recover from the

coronavirus pandemic. , thoseave been reporting talks lasting a lot longer than expecteded, and emmanuel macron has been speaking ahead of the next round of talks. he is sounding cautiously optimistic, saying there had been tense moments, but some progress has been made and he says he is optimistic that a compromise will be struck at this summit, which as i was saying was in its fourth day. those talks resume in just a few hours. thank you for watching. stay tuned. >> hello, and welcome to the interview on france 24. our guest today is the former national security advisory for the trumpp admininistration,n, n boltlton.

we shall discuss hisis latest bk thatasas been releleased a few weeks ago entitled "the room where it h happens. welcome, mr. bolten. john: thank you. things for having me. >> first, what were the motives behind writing this book? well,l, i thought it was very important to o record what happened on a nunumber o of key national securityy i issuess dug the 17 months i was national security advisor. americans, obviviously, don't get a full understanding of howw some of these critical decisions were made, and i thought it was especially importatant for themo understandnd what happenened ine trump administration, how some of the decisions were arrived at. it is open to them to read the book, draw their own conclusions, and make up their own mind as to whether they think that is the direction the

coununtry oughght to take. >> in your book, you criticized trump's foreign policy and point out that several of the initiatives he has taken in that regard has been fueled by personal interests and not those of his country. >> does that apply to trumps stance on iran, which you havee dedicated to chapters s in your book? john: i ththink he was opposed o the 2015 iran nunuclear deal duringng his cpaigign. ands opposed to thahat deal, it was one of the issues i felt very important t that after almt hemonths in his presidency had still not been able to withdraw from. i think he saw the deal as being very unpopular i in the uniteded states, so i was happypy to sees wiwithdraw, bubut at the same ti -- we did impose very substantial economic sanctions

on a wrong, which have had a devastating effect on its .conomy just this week, the iranian currency has reached its lowest level ever against the dollar,r, but at the same time t trump is still eager to negotiate with the ayatollahs, thinking he could get a better deal, which i think is far from the truth. this goes to prove the point that it is not because of a grand strategy of american national security, but r really trumps assessment of what ththe politics are, how he adjusts american apollo -- policy on ron. -- ayn rand. >> -- i ran. >> the american media has considered you as one of the -- washington's hawks and president trump said you had a penchant for war. you believe the decision to back

off from attttacking a around, h you encouraged him to do was wise? john: all of his advisers -- all of them, recommended retaliating for the strike against the american drone and earlier conduct in the gulf, attacking installations in saudi arabia, shipping coming from the gulf. to point outying is that the process that had been followed to reach that decision was, kind of, textbook washington, how you make a serious decision in the national security area and his decision not to follow through was based on an anecdote at the last minute without any others been consulted. so, some may approve of h h actual disioion not to reretaliate,e, but by followings very erratic, , unstructured approach, , he could easily dece

prprecisely the e opposite in another r situation. so, if the question is how decisions are best made in the national interest of the united states, not just by trump gut reaction to a late-breaking development. >> after resigning from the trump administration, the president ordered the killing of the iranian general by adopting the maximum pressure policy on iran. -- isn dislikes to policies -- [indiscernible] inn: i am m not going to get to the specifics of solemani, but i will say one you s see an operatation thatat produces some result, it would be a mistake to believe that it was ordered a few days before hand.

sometimes s things arere long in preparation, and the exact c circumstances, not from eventnts t that may hae preceded him by a few days or so. solemamani was a terrorist, a ky a a regime the ununited stateses had designated a state sponrr of terrorism. that for over a decade, a ron hahad been responsible for .rming people inside of iraq -- and been justifified would have been justified on the basis of solely american interests.

>> still with regards to the middle east, why have you considered in your book, the assyrian conflict to be the worst performance of the trump administration? john: i did not say it was the worst or ththere is a lot of competition for that distinction, but the president was n not c consistent in his on decision-m-making. withdrawal, then change his mind, then go back to it. much of the decision making was not done in an orderly, strategic fashion, which gave opportunities for ron, russia, turkey, to advance their interests on the assyrian territory. >> some believe the endorsements gain accesshem to

in syria. do they -- do you agree? john: it depends on how trump will play the next few months. i do not anticipate e there e wl be much dedecision-makining on a or mucuch else internationonally before the election and what comes next depends on who wins. >> did you play a role in what is known as trump's please plan in the middle e east and what ae the chances in your opinion of this initiative sucucceeding? john: well, i t think alolong wa lot of other people, we give advice on it. it was largely the produduct of jared kushnerer's efforts. i think it is unlikely that it

wiwill succeed. if he is not reelectcted, i do't think we will see any trace of it. where it was c correctct, i thi, was in saying there was a general strarategic realignmentt under way. the threat posed by around - -- , it's destabilizing influence in iraq, syria, lebanon, and it's threats to the rest of the region really provide an incentive for the gulf arabs and others to try and find solutions. i think that strategic shift survives. it is really a significant change in the region overall because of the nature of the iranian threat. change is likikely to persist fofor a w while, i thine

possibilities for peace between israel and all the ararabs, including the palestiniaians, remain, but i think it will take a nenew initiatitive to get it started again. >> you mentioned in your book the personal ties that link president trump to his turkish counterpart erdogan -- is this the reason why president trump in not condemned action libya? john: i don't think the fulullet attentntion has be g given t lilibya. i think it in part reflects trumps unwillingness to try and thannut strategies other on an ad hoc, daily basis. obviously, europe is much more immemediately concernened with e

potetential for chaos in libya, the ongoing civil war there, and it was something that trumpss intere w would fade in and fade out, something that was all too .ypical of his approach , it seems clear you are against's trump --against trump's reelection. why is that? john: i don't ththink trump is a conservative r republican.n. is ais s not to say he liberal democrcrat and i d't think he has a phisophy. i think he is for donald trump anand his personalized view of e worlrld, his transactional approachch, his lack off stratec thinkingng, his lack of understanding ofof much of wt the rest of the worlrld faces oa dadaily basiss makakes it hardro prott t american interests.

so, for the first titime in my adulult life i am not going to vote for the repubublican nomine candidate for president. i will not vote for joe biden either pet i will write in ththe name for someonene else, but its not a happy election for those of us that for you -- that view national security through the ronald reagan prism, and it is going to be a difficult time for america, whatever the outcome on election day. >> allow me to ask one last questition on how you view the relationship between trump and his s frenchch counterpart emmal macron?? president macron made a decisision to cultivate a persononal relationsnship with trump, and i thought that was sensible's because of trump frequent inability to distinguish between his personal relationship with a foreign leader a and the b bilateral relationship between the two

countries. i think the crown sized -- micron sized trumped up very well and i think that was beneficial for france, but not for the united states. iran was a good example.

crawford: we start with an exclusive report from myanmar. [jet passing overhead] [explosion] man: the country's military has been accused of turning its guns on another ethnic group. crawford: this time, it is the kachin people, who have been fighting for self-a-autonomy for decades. i'm alex crawford in kachin state in northern myanmar, and this is "hotspots." [theme music playing] tonight, we're going to take you behind the scenes of the world's biggest and hardest-hitting stories. we get rare access to the rebel army fighting in myanmar's forgotten war. they really believe that they''e going to end up being crushed. when clashes turn to tragedy... n: