anmod: welcome to "global 30300" this week, we take out o our crystal ball and check out the cities of the future. just what will life be like in our world's urban centres in 20, 50, 100 years? we look at some of the fascinating ideas alady beinin developed, and learn autut new technologies and innovations, as well as the work some visionary architects. alall of which r raises a cenl questition -- who wiwill actuy be a able to afforord to liven the city of the future? according to the imf's global

house price index, ovever the past 20 years prprices have rin and risen with a small dip just after the financial crisis. over the last 10 years, the cost of many essentials in oecd countries has gone down food, for example, leisure activities, clothing. others, meanwhile have stayed constant, like transportation costs and health. but rent and mortgage repayments have become significantly higher. housing is becoming increasingly unaffordable for many. and yet it is a basic human right, as laid out in article 11 of the un 's covenant on social rights. states parties to the present covenant recognize the right of everyone to an adequate standard of living for himself

and his family, including adequate food, clothing, and housing.g. we m met an activistst who ner tires of r reminding sococietf this. > the world's c cities ae drawining people likike magne. but living in urban centers is often unaffordable. rising housing costs have become a flashpoint. the global real estate market has long since become disconnected from its function of providing people with places live. real estate is an veststme, an -- a comdity, an object of speculation,n, of profit.. in gerermany alone, two millin aparartments and h homes stand empty they're justpepeculati investmements. flawed.

-- l leilani farhaha says te system is s flawed. until recently the caniaian was thun spepeci rapportrtr on equauate hsing.. she featates in a recent documentary y which shows s hes she travelels the world d to go the bottom of the housing cris. she speaks with polilitician vestors, tenants'' assosociations, anand with pee expeririencing displplacementr eviction.. her un mandate ended in riril 20. . but leilani i farha is stl pursuiuing the issueue. shshe now runs her own organization from her home in ottawaleililani: the riright to adeququate houg is t the right to o live somewe with peacece, security and dignity, a and i actuaually thinink it's probabably the mt pressising social l issue facg cities f for sure around the world. >> leilanini farha says s adeqe housing is a a human rightht somehting politica o often don't realizize and investorors often , ignore. a homeme for everyonone afford,

of a decent size and location. in the fililm, farha disiscuss with expertsts why this ririghs bebeing disregararded more andn. leleilani: you h have human ris obligations,s, and you canan'tt these e investors anand the financial l system run a amoon itown. sasa: what i s is thoswith pow, boy can theyepeploy thlaw in ways t tt work with them ststststst happeningng, you k. we h have rived d at momentt where there is a gaping lele in our stem.. most o of our major r internatl sysystems don't t ta the individu so seriously. >> this is berlin's kreuzberg district -- lively,

cosmopolitan, in the center of the city. it's especially popular with young people. it's also changing. for instance number 83 wrangelstrasse was recently bought by an investor. but none of the tenants know what his plans are. carlos martinez, originally from the united states, lives here with his wife and children. their 75 square meter flat has two rooms, a kitchen, and a bathroom. they pay less than 10 euros per square meter, heat included. that's now cheap for berlin. the family is happy here. carlos: we know the people in the neighborhood, we have seen their children grow up. and now we have our own children. and we just would like to stay here. > will the new owner renovae the e builng, raise the e rent, and put the individual apartments up for sale? that's a common strategy. the courtyard has become a meeting place. everyone here is worried.

will they be forced to leave their neighborhood, like so many others in berlin? the building's previous owner, who passed away in 2016, didn't want the building to be sold. but his will was declared invalid due to formal irregularities. the building eventually ended up on the open market. it was bought by henrik ulven, a norwegian investor and director of a network of companies. he didn't answer our requests for an i interview. rebecca bubüchner has lived hee for more than 30 years and has seen her neighborhood transformed. rebecca: of course e he'll raise the res as much as he possibly can. they always raise it to the maximumum, until it hurts. in a turbo-capitalistic fashion. for me, that means that sooner or later, i'll be gentrified out of here. leilani: the whole business model is

based on the idea of taking square meters of living spspace -- and y you have to, s isis how they'rehinking g and squeezing out t of every s sqe meter as mucuch ofit as s they n. so thatat is the extractive industry of f high financece t has moved into aarea t that happens s to be, in fact, a hun right. and that's the ru > the residentsts of the kreuzberg apartment building ready to put up a fight. they've named their activist group in memory of willi their former landlord. at housing demonstrations, they march with tenants from other buildings facing the same situation. lisa: this process of displacement is really an anonymous one. it simply happens. one building after the next is bought up on the street. the tenants are squeezed out.

onon the outside, it's's not vie at all unlesess people getet organized. >> leilani farha says chch morere plic debaba is needed as well as pressure on politicians and d investors, including legal action ll t that rk? can n the real eststate sector changege its thinkining and approa? leilani: i nevever think abouout that s not possible. i think cacause what iss strongerer than hun n rights? i belilievin the s strength of human rights against all of the -- these are just human beings with greed. so i'm'm on the winning siside here, that's for sure. that's for sure. [laughter] mod: of course, no one kns exactly whwhat the citieies of the fue will blikeke thoh one ththg's

for rtain, thehey'll be full. the un says that by 2050, two-thirds othe global popupulationill live i in ties. trtraffic, streaeams of commut, pollution sosome big solututis are needed. the art city mel could b one of t tm. such cities are didigitally organisesed and highly e effic. and d there are alalrey places offering a taste in this feature. -- of this feature. kyoto in japan and songdo in south korea. >> the south korean capital seoul is a teeming metropolis of ten million, a finance hub and center for the arts. there's plenty of tradition here, but not much scope for largrge-scale urban developmen. that's taking place 40 kilometers to the west -- songdo international business district is being built from the ground up on six square kilometers of reclaimed land.

it has been billed as the "smart city" of the 21st century and embodies pioneering work on the part of architects, construction companies, environmental and high-tech firms, and computer network experts. this model city is overseen and run by a gigantic computer -- giant computerer system. it's the brains of the city. all publicicuildings and homes are equipppped with digitatl sesensors and cocontrols thatn be operated remotely and are , monitored centrally. sensors relay a room's mperature and energy use. it's all being traeded and c be adjusted d individually. residents s can monitor and reduce their consumption. municipal staff can optimize the use of resources. they see power consumption at every node and can match production to demand. the garbage disposal system is

also extrememely clever. trash from apartmentnt buildins and offices travels via chutes and pipes straight to processing plants. the system regulates who may discard what kind of garbage at what time. this smart city only functions thanks to the digital network and ubiquitous monitoring. isn't there also a risk of unwanted surveillance? personal data could prove to be the most valuable product genenerated in a s smart city, because they arere the basis fr targeteded informaon or adadvertising. k kyoto, pan,n, us chnolology group cisco is working osmsmart city solutioions managing tht, flows of tourists to lanararks acacrosshe beaeaiful old city, and enenergy-savg g street ligs ththat only get t brighter whehn pepeople are neaearby. for all thisis to work, pepeops

behavior and movements have to capture -- be captured with the help of survrveillance camame. but what i if facial rececognin softftware were added to the mx and if interactitive informatin papanels to -- w where to colc data to generate profiles of paiculular iividuals smt t cityechnolology should make p people's liveves easierd better, but we have to mee surere it esn't t lead to totl surveillance and control. anmod: new technonologies are o one tg there's also "new architecture." today's housing policies are often about getting apartments built as quickly and cheaply as possible to get a handle on the acute shortage of them.. but for many architects that's simply too narrow a vision. they wanant sustainablble buils and a radical rethinking of priorities.. >> the new delhi skyline is a mixture of modern skyscrapers and energy intensive, poorly designed constructions.

carbon emissions from buildings are often neglected in the climate debate. but in india, buildings alone and their construction are said to contribute up to 40% of energy-relelated carbon n emiss. archititect nilanjanan bhowals been d designing susustainable, functionalal buildings for ovr 20 years. he sayays they're momore urgey needed t than ever. buththere are still a lot of miscsconceptions a about what n building desesign really m me. nilanjanan: ththe biggest mymyth is that pl believe that a green home is one with a lot of green anants ---- youut in n lot of plalas, lawn a g grassnd it bemes gree which is t so. a green n building is acactuay grgreen because it respects naturere and uses rereplenishe resoururces, and rededuces w w, reduduces consumptption and recyclcle a lot of mataterials. >> one of bhowal's designs in new delhi is famous for being

india's firsrst five-star ratd grgreen residentntial buildingn, called green one. it's been certified by research and popolicy organizatation, e energy a and resourceses insti. large windows provide lots of natural light, while double glazazing, a relatively ne aturure inndia, , inlates thth ilding, eping itool in india's hot summers. the building also generates renewable energy and harvests rainwater.r. it's's able to captuture 75% os water needs and also saves a loof e electcity.. itoststs me to build this yy bubut the featates pay off over me. nilanjan: i ink itits still rth it iyou spen10% more or 50%0% more, and for five ars itit pays r itself a aftfter

that it t runs virtualally fref cost andnd you are giviving bao future g generations a and gig back to ththe environment. wewe are now movining towars concept t of zero-carbrbon, neto bubuildings, which are g goino giveve back more than they consume and that's thehe need f the hohour , right nowow. >> at the moment india has around 1.4 million modern homes built with a green concept which amounts to less than 5% of all residential properties. the indian green building council hopes to take this number up to 10% in the next two years, and some states have begun providing more incentives to green certified construction. however, these figures do not include e the countlesess hous built byby hand in rurural ina tradaditional dwellings s thate , often green in their own right.

ninilanjan: wewe are always inspired by or old structures. history has to be e studied because historically what we have built naturally, it is known that they are the best structures. what we e do is we conontempore it.. >> bhowal renovated his own house in 2000. he was inspired by the traditional methods of environmenentally frieiendly construction. . nilanjan: i have used alall the brokoken tileles that came out t from e totoilets. soso all that was brbroken andd in the form m of a pattern, ad since e a lot of those w were t colorered tiles, they rereflea lot of heat as w well. >> more peopople can nowow afd the inititial investmeme and me indians are growing aware of the impact of their choices on the environment. nilann: i strongly feel that

sustainabili h has tstart fr me, and u have tadapt a sustainable liststyle fore you want to staiainae and grn buililng, so ihihink t lifestylis coming, and pandemic or no thihis ally will pick upand d i sure th post-cod situatn we are getting loofof cal from clies sasayi that lets sisimpli our h hes, let's go for -- let'seeeep mo openn areas, let go o fomore green measur, , let'plant t re trees caususe ey help in takin care of pollution as well. >> is green building design the wave of the future in india? architects like nilanjan bhowal hopeo and are ady to pla their papart. anmod: rethinking cities is a mammoth task with heaps of challenges. how, for example, will we keep the cities of the future clean? in 2016, the world's households produced two billion tons of

waste. by 2050, estimates suggest there will be 3.4 bbillion tons of it , 80% from cities. fofor most of usus, rubbish ist a pain. it looks badad, smells bada. anand yet it hasas huge potent: through clever recycling, can ke e extrely usesefu products from it, like in the netherlands. >> we'rere using naturural reresources at a a very fast p. some are finite, others renewable but nature can't keep , up with us. we also generate vast amountns of greenhouse gases cities account for 70% of them. the dutch capital amsterdam is aiming to create a circular economy by 2050. that involves curtailing the use ofof new raw materials, avoiding , wastete, and reusig

as much as possiblble, thereby slashing emimissions. the e city sanitation departmet fishes 42 tons o of floating plastic trash out of the canals every year. a lot more probably gets through. anne: we knonow that arounund two ths of all the plaststic in the ocn actually traveled by our rivers towards the ocean. quite some trash that you see on the street or that is there ends up in the rivers. and then, of course, the rivers flow towards the sea. so it's one of kind of transport mechanisms of plastic pollution. and that's why we would really like to stop it there. >> anne marieke eveleens is behind a start-up, the great bubble barrier, and its innovative technology. here is how it works -- a tube is laid across the bed of a waterway. air is pumumped out of holes along it. the bubbles drive trash in the water to the surface, , towars the bank and into a receptacle. , tests have shown that on average 86% of trash in the

water can be collected this way. the garbage that ends up in the container is removed three times a week. for now, only one bubble barrier has s been installed n amsterdam. it's a pilot project, but the potential both in the city and worldwide is enormous. >> i have multiple sectors that have interest in this, for example. you can imagine that companies that have a benefit of tourists coming by, they want beaches that are clean, they want river sites that are clean. they want to have terraces where you can sit on nicely. and on the moment you install such a system, you can you can make it clean and make sure that it looks nice to visit agaiain. >> the fm has received financial support from the government. it's also woworking on ways to recycle all l the collected tra. cities also generatete ls s of wastewatater. as unlely y as imimight seem

the water flushed d down our totoilets contains valaluabe resources that could be retrieved. scientists in the netherlands have developed a new wastewater purfication system to do just that. one of the end products is a gum they call kaumera, which has many applications as a glue or binding agent in the manufacturing and construction industries. peter: if you want t to have a circulr society, then we should up-cycle all our waste streams and wastewater is a very important waste ststreams. and nowadays what happens is if in the end produce bio gas with it, with bio gas is relatively low value application. and by producing this kaumera, this glue,e, we can use this ge for high value applicationons. so what we want to do in the end is to produce high value building material for the city using wastewater from the city. >> standard industriallulues arare ma from m oil, which i it

good for t the environmemen. in the new p process, bactctea purify the wastewater. the kaumera isis a side benefi. a single plant can proroduce upo 800 tons of it today year. -- of it a year. in this lab, researchers are working on new biodegradable materials. they mix kaumera witith recycld toilet paper and various combinations of peach pits and almond and pistachio s shells. so far, they've made road signs and developed an architectural cladding material, made out of 80% organic materials. more r & d is needed before this new composite based on kaumera and toilet paper can come to market but prospects look good. willem: for instance, tropical hardwoods ththat's beatable by this material. and also aluminium and aluminium is a huge market, but

aluminium has a very, very high co2 footprint. and a good thing of this material is you can beat its mechanical propertieies and al co2 properties you beat it to anyway. so then the price will be the challenge. and i think the upcoming ten years, we will try to replace aluminium by this kaumera composite e material. >> r recycling andnd upcycling organinic waste and d construcn waste coululd be a moneyey spir and woululd certainly y be goor ththe environmenent. amamsterdam's bebeen known as sa great t place for emissions-eee cyclcling for decacades. it's still a long waway away fm achihievina circrcul economy. the plan is to make th h happen by050 anan aitious g gl for a city determimined to be a a pio. ♪ anmnmod: and now,w, we leave technonology behind d and headt to t the mexican c countrysideo meetet a family liliving much e the nerarations beforere them.

♪ adela: hellllo, my name i is adel i i spend most o of my time hen the kitchehen. it's w where i like e to be. this is s my mother-inin-law,d this is mymy sisr-in-l-law i like it t when they cocome v. my eldest t daughter is s 1. her name is maria guadupe. my otherer daughter elisea is . that's migiguel, and that'ts jojosé-luis.s. i have f five childrenen. that's my neph. thth is the griddle where i mamake ttillasas.

i enjoy rkrking in the kitchen and do everythg byby hand here. when my y family are o out all, i get upup at three inin the rning to make them tortillas for nch.h. then i makake some me e that w t hot t fosupper.. i make torortillas twice a da. ♪ here theyey are. thank you u for coming t to se! anmod:d:

and now it's time for us to say goodbye too! thanks for watching. we'd love to hear from you you can email us at global3000@dw.com. see you next week. ♪

want to live beyond the corporate nineteen fires cry. that is the question of this special sereries of comp soluti. economist stephphanie kelton was in the process o of burning. she's just pubublished her book the deficit in which she- hello graphically different monetary polilicy c can give birth to people's's economic. mosteo