awc >> welcome to glglobal 3000! this week, we find out how younung people in uganda are turning their dreams into reality . >> we learn about a potential solution for global fofood wase and we meet a photographer documenting the effects of global warming in the sahel. >> more than a third of ourr planet is mamade up of deseses and dry lands and that percentagege is rising..

every y year, an additional 7000 s squarkilomemete of ferte lalandurns to desert: e main causes ar deforestation, overgrazi, anand thoveruse water rources , a of whicdeplete e soil o oessentiaminerals th temperatures seset to rise ov the comg decadethe rate odesertification n is lilikely to eed up considerably. water scarcicity is alreready a problem for one billion people, most of ththem in africa. the 2020 world risk index says the situation particularly precarious in the sahel region. lake chad in west-central afririca, people h here have ld frfrom farming a and catching h for r thousands ofof years. it appeaears idyllic at fit glance but o one of the wowors biggest enenvironmentall catastrophes is unfolding here. twenty years ago, the lake's surface shrunk by 90%, and now climate change has brought

extreme weather that's destroying the local farmers' livelihoods. photographer andy spyra is working on a photo project that documents the effects of climate change on the entire sahel region. spyra was the last reporter in the region before the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic. back home in germany, africa's problems seem far away. nevertheless, they have a direct impact on europe. >> 80 million people live in the sahel region.. their lilivelihoods will be e n away in ththe coming years and decades. ththe people h here have to go somewhere, and go they will. it's just a matter of where. >> on lake c chad, spyra experirienced first-t-hand howe climate catastrophe letoto confnflict wars,s, trorism a a anarchy.y. extrtreme weather r is getting worse,e, harvests arare faili, and large paparts of lake e cd can no longeger be traversrsed.

becaususe nature canan no lonr provide for the pepeople here, there are intense fights over the remaining resources. entire villages have been burned down. >> we were in two villages that ended up at war with each other, and it was clearly about resources. it wasas about access to wate, access to food, and fishing rights. the weapons they used were as archaic as t the spears, bowowd ararrows. thousandnds of people die on le chad each year due to the regional conflicts that have embroiled the region. >> andy spyra has photographed in syria, afghanistan and in the balkans. he shoots with a wide angle lens, which means he has to get closose up to people. spyra's work isn't't limited o farmerers. he also photographs warlords, islamic extremists, women who have been raped. he understands the interplay between hunger, war, and

religious extremism from seeing them first-hand, including on lake chad. >> boko haram drives arounund e lake at night and recruits young men. the offer of 500 dollars and an ak-47 is very enticing to someone whose livelihood is disappearing. >>pypyra alswent to niria, where the nflict beten the mads and t farmers h been escalati for years. it's now one of the bloodiest civil wars in the world. for a week, spyra accompanied muslim fulani nomads as they drove their cattle herds southward during the dry season. but dwindling pastures caused the situation to explode. when fulani herds grazed on farming land, the farmers shot the cattle. the nomads burned down the farmers' villages in retaliation. both believe they're in the right, and the government is unable to resolve the conflict. >> later, we heard the other side of the story.

we went to the christian farmers and listened to their version of what happened. this one village called bare was completely destroyed by the fulani people. dozens of people were massacred, people e re decacapitated, and they took te heads with them. it was very brutal. in mali, internal conflicts led to a military coup. troops marched through the streets of the capital bamako and forced president keita and primminister cissé to resign. not even deploying the german military, ich h habeen in the couny for r 7 ars, cououn't prevent the total collapse of the government. in march, andy spyra was in mopti, an area that was once popular among tourists. today, the region is isolated,

and millions of civilians suffer violence. there are caliphates and ethnic militias, but no government. mali hasn't been safe for quite some time. >> we went to visit with the prime minister, and there was an armed unit a kilometer long. at least a hundred vehicles drove there, just to visit the village. that says a lot out secucuty there. >> more thanan 2 million p pee from the l lake chad regegion e fled due to hunger, war and extremism. andy spyras' provocative pictures show the impact this has on people, and how violence leads to trauma and devastation. they have no choice but to flee, and they won't be the last. hunger is on the rise all over the world it now affects around 820 millllion people a and yet, some 1.3.3 billion tonons of d are wasted every yea deveveling coununtrs this i is

often n down to a lalack of infrastrucucture for frfreshly-harvesested food. as a result, on average 6 to 11 kilos of food are wasted this way, per person per year there. in industrial nations, that figure is 10 times greater. retailers and consumers often toss out food just because it no longer appears fresh. extended the shelf-life of prododuce could imimprove te situatation for all.l. >> fruit and vegetables rotting in fields, or during tranansportation t to consume. accocording to thehe un food d agricultural organatioion or fao,ome 1414ercent of food is lost after harveststing and befe it reaches the mararket or retailerer. >> so if youou go to a parartir country y or particulalar vill, you are lilikely to see varyig levels o of food losses.

and these,e, depending on the situatn,n, couldo upup eveto 50 percent if you're talking about t fruits and v vegetabl; fofor example if the farmer r s not find a m market r ththat pruct inin a timely mamaer. now, ts s is a hugamamountf food and if you convert it into monetaryry quantity, i it's a . and if youou convert it monetarily, the e loss to thee environment or the environmental impact, ththat's also huhug. when that happens, wat,, peststicid and r resrces usese for transportatition are all wasted. sosome 7 percentntf glol greenhousese gas emissioions ce traceded back to fooood loss d waste. the m main uses i incde problems with transportation and refrigeration. thpapath froharvrvest kikitchen table e is a race ags time. a a california-b-based companyn, apapeel scienceses might be abo help. foununder james rorogers and s

teamamave deveveped a liquid that could extxtend the shelf-life of fruitsts and vegetabl.. >> apeel is a little exactly like it sounds peel l and we apply it to the surfrface of frh prode.e. you u can't see itit. you u can't tastste it. yoyou can't feelel it. but it slowsws down the fafacs that c cau the fruru to age. >> it helps even without refrigeratn.n. apeel is a a liquid coatating t dries ininto kind ededible ski. the coatining helps the produe last up p to four timemes as l. that buys time time too transport e prododuce, to store it, and to eat it befo i it spspoils apeel is b based on lipipids d other natutural compoundnds fd in f fruitand vevegetables. they'r're extracted d and bled

into a tailor-made solutioion. >> and b by combining themem ie right t raos, whenen they dry, they dry i into an arranangemt that allowows us to contntrole factors thth cause fruit to age, whicarare basically y wategoing out and oxygen going in.n. samame materialals. we're jujust teaching thth a nw trick k by findinghehe right formrmula to applyly to diffet kikinds of produduce in ordero give them the same kinof protececti that t yohave on a lemon, on a cucucumber or on n avocadado. >> d dutch whosasaler nature's pridide ses someme 1,000 tons of fruits and vegegetables a ye. ththey import frfrom 59 counts pecially latin ameca.. in r rotteam, ththe ported produce continues to ripen befo it't's soed, papack and shipped to the retailer. spoilage andnd waste is a a con prproblem in t the industry,yt the company y hopes to mininie

these lolosses ithe e future. if a cononsumer throwsws food , they actually y bought ianand ththey don't usese iand thatat cos moneney. soso in the chain, if we don't throw it a away, you donon't sd that mononey wngly. wi apeelel wcan redudu food waste with 50 peenent at t retatail lel. food t thaused to land in the trash can now w be sold. every day, n nature's pridie treats s six tons of a avocados with apepeel before sesending m to s supermarket s shelves aos eueurope the mainin customers are in scandanavia, germany andhehe neththerlas. nature's priride is thfifirst company in e europe to usese a. theyey're planningng to stat treatiting other kininds of frs and vegetables soon. aspagugus is cing g by a. by u usi apeel, , may give them the posbibility tgo b by boat. and d that is, of f cou, sustainanably fantastitic. so there's l lots of opportunitities. > so far, the new tecololoy is mainly being used by larg mpananies.

smalaller ones canan't afforit t apeesays i it'planningng to chchange that wiwith a new buss momodel in whichch retail chas anand supermarkekets pay smalr producers and farmers to instalthe e neceary seset-. inin return, ty'll receive ngnger-lasting p produce. farmers in p places that h havt had cessss tnationalal and internrnatnal markrkets could also benefit. so the opportunity ito b be abable to use apapeel to reduce transporortation costs and increase the quality so it't's not aid. it a a way f a s small producer o grows s mething g at's intrinsically valuableoo collect sosome of that v value. > extending t the shelf-liff prproduce will h help but it t end the proboblem of food d ls and waste. for that, transportation a refrigeration systems willll ao neneed to be impmproved and expanded.. and consumers will have to stop ththrowi food d aw and ststt on buyining what they'y'll acactually eat..

>> this week in global ideas we look at employment opportunies. how can jobs be created for young people while at the same time protecting our planet and its resources? just outside the ugandan capital kakampala, our r repor julius mugamambwa visited da learning hub which encoururages young peoee to turn ththeir creativeve viss into reaeality. >> our house colollapsed. my only beloved grandmother died because from the injuries she suffered . so i turned my painful past into a motivation. i nenever knew t that what i amm dodoing would turn this bibigo me and to ththe environment. >> i felelt unloved, i i fet discriminated against because of my often falling sick from malaria. i am now part of the solution in my country. >> two people, each with a vision. joan nalubega produces soap with a s scent that rerepels mosquitos. accoing to the un,n, every two

minutes a ild under e age of 5 diesf malaria. >> even if i'm not saving all the kids that are suffffering right now, at least i'm saving the ones t that i can. johnmary kavuma is founder anand director o of the gren business upcycle aica, which builds houses out of recycled plastic bottles. > we are tranansferring the e crisis in africa intoo employment opportunitities for marginalalised groups s of peo, so we are e constructingng affordabable homes. >> kavuma and nalubega are graduates of the social innovation academy or si f for shshort. it's lococated in the e town of mpigi, a about 3kilolomete south of uganda's s capital kampala here young people, including orphans and street kids, learn how to develop theieir ideas intoto successfull busisinesses. due toto the covid-19 pandemi, lyly a fewtudedents e

currently able to attend classes s onampus. >> it's not gigiving them informatation like aeacher, this is s what y neeeed too, thisis ithe ririghanswer, , t helping them to discerer their own ananswers. to underststand what thehe next steps are,e, what the gogoals , how can n they achieveve them,t they want to achieve. >> german social entrepreneur etienne salborn founded sina in 2014 for people who want to build their own career paths. the academy is financed by donations. it's been over ten years since salblborn met joan a and johny while volunteering in an orphanage. they've known each other a long titime. salborn quicickly realizeded ta lot of young people in ugand ve n no foal worork. thcountry has one thehe younungest and fastest-growing populations in africa. especially in ugda, people are not always prepad to work tothther to esenent themlveses, to a ask criticaququestiontoto

find theirir own solutions, thr own answers. and we are learning that a sina a and that's why often nt eveverybody willll become an entrepreneur, but t many of or scholarsrs who have bebeen at a have foundnd jobs. >> one o of the solutions leto kakampala, wherere plastic wass a huge proroblem. 350,000 totons of trashh accucumulates in t the ugandan capital every y year and onlnly half of it is disposed of. much of the plastic lands on this trarash dump. recyclining isn't common here. johnhnmary kavuma a pays young trash collectors to gather bottles that he can then use to build houses. >> every time that i come here i give some money to other people to recycle and keeping our r environment clclean. it gives me a lot of hope that the future generation will inherit a healthy planet that we have protected from plastic

wastste. >> earthth is pressed d into e plastic c bottles to m makbric. ny women w work for kavuvuma's business, givingng them the chance to eaearn their ownwn m. >> our wageses were raiseded recentlyly. now i can pay my dauteter's university t tuion, and d give heher the opporurunity to grad. >> k kavuma says t the houseae cocool iide evevenn hot dada. his business has already coconstrucd momore tn 1000 builildings, usingng over 3 min pltic bottttles in thehe proce. due to the coronavirus papandemic, commmmissions have slslowed, but ththere is fundg cocoming in frfrom aoad. > we are revivising our differenent solutions s so wen survive e as a company. hohowever, walalso have someme people who camalalong to support us.

for examplple we got somome fug from i ikea and acumumen, that decideded to supportrt us, especially i in the era ofof cd 19.. >> thihis woman supplies joa nalubebega wh lemon grgrass, a key ingredient in her soap. so she brings bars by these days for free. before the covid-19 crisis, she sold her soap to tourists and hotels for a higher price, so she could keep the price down for locals. now that there are hardly any tourists, she's expanded her online business. it helps that the soap's effectiveness has been scientifically verified. >> in the past, often gogot sik with malaria, especially children. since we've been using the soap, it's been a while since anyone here has had malaria. >> the refugee settlement nakivale in western ugandait

provides shelter for more than 100,000 people who fled the viviolence in neneighboring countrieies such as sosouth su. many peoeople have livived herr ars,s, incding v vicr mafigigi . togethther with etieienne sal, he b brought the s sina modelo nakivale.. ndnding rk t tends to bebe evn harderer for refugees s than r young ugugandans. a few of v victor's traiaineese alreadady been awardrded prize ney at music festivalsls. >> i in the navavale refeeee settttlement, therere are a lof younung people witith dormat skillsls. people whoho do not veve chancs to go o to school anand also no opportunitities. >> we come to o alize thatat refugee artistst can notnlnly depend on aid. but theyey can also bebe doing something else, to earn a living.

>> butut there have e also been setbacks.. becaususe of covid-1-19, a sina brbranch in soututh africa hao be put on hohold. nevertheheless, etiennnne saln remainins convinced d that sina will play a part in more succs ststorie like e those of jojohnmary kavumuma and joan nalubegaga. >> i have a vision to make my country a better place. i have a v vision to make afri, instead of runningng away from it, to make a betttter place. >> if my grandmother happened to see me e now, i know w she d be proud of me. >> stick to your own agreements! the words are simple: the concern is deep. the agreements are of course those set on climate change in paris in 2015. the fridays for future protests have turned into a worldwide movement of people, young and old, calliling for goverernmes anand individualals to get a he on global l warming.

it is, they say, our shared responsibility to act. something one cocommunity in northern finland has taken to hearart. >> this is northern finland, near the baltic coast. after hihitting the sasauna, nothingng beats a a quick dip in the cod river. >> very refreshing. when y're e heren the e war, u really fl like a pt of nature. >> we liveve right in ththe mie of naturure. we can enjnjoy the water, pick berrs anand gountingng. it's i important foror us thae can n grow our ownwn food hered that we e have the fororest, d access t to nature in n gener.

> this town's's name isi, spelelled ii. it's just as simple and straightforward as the town itself. a few roads, two supermarkets, and just under ten thohousand inhabitantnts. ii is s considered onene of europe grereenest communititie. the town hasas managed t to ree its co2 emisissions by 80 0 pee. >n ii, it's become clear to us, th clilimatehange e ist onon the way it't's already h. and 've unundetood thahait's not jujust the big p players t have to o make the chahange. we have to be part of the chan as s well > the key to their suesess s be creatatinincentiviv, so that everybody doeoes their pa. in finlaland's daycareres ad schohools, childldren are taut how to protectct the climate. >> it all began with the project.

we tried it out inin three schoolols. the children monitor the wat d elelectrity ususe d get pa half ofofhat they'v've saved the scschool on thosose utilit. th thehey cabuy somethg with theheoney. ththe project was so sucssssfu, it w expananded to all t t scschools and dadaycare centern ii. >> in the past ten years, residents in ii have reduced their ener consumpmpon by half. the children he e used t money veved to buyoyoys, plas even a a pl table.e. >> they have to come out.. those e are the carrrrots. >> no, they have to go. >> the town n of ii is sururroe unspopoil nature,e,s well as some of europe's largest peat bogs. for centuries, peat was burned here as a source of energy, but theyey're also vast t reservrsf co2. protecting them keeps that c c

out of the atmosphere. businessman yuha hulkko is from ii. he bought large tracts of the nearby peat bogs and made them protected areas. >> we can only change if every person andnd every familily ds their part, whatever ty can. doing large anand small thinins what we needed to help figight climatchangege. >> some of scandinavia's tallest wind turbines are located in ii. non-renewable energy, heating oil that pollutes the air for example, has been banned. ii relies on its own wind and water, and produces ten times more green energy y an the town needs. and ii earns foumimillion ross a yeyear selling i its leftover elelectricit >> we've had m many discussios about wind energy, about the noise. for example, the blighght on te countryside and how windnd turbines dispt commumunity life. >> 60 new w wind tururbines are being planned d for constructin arouound the outerer edge of imeveval fest. n notne treee

has been felled herere in the la hunundredears.. >> you wonon't be able to concl the wiwind turbines.s. theye e 300 meters high d d set upnly a fefew ndred mete om this s ot. >> it's s our common goal to protect nanature in li.. wewe need the wind pow, , but e alalso need to p protect the surroundings. it's l like a puzzlele. in the endnd, we have toto putl of the p pieces togethther, tod ththe best cprpromise. >> protecting the climate is indeed a massive puzzle. what impmpact can a lilittle n have o on such a glolobal prob? a big one, according tththe pepeoplef ii.. fofor one thing, t they can sa gogood example.. what works f for a remote e cor of finlaland just mighght workr the rest of the world too. >> that's all from us at global 3000 this week! we'd love to have your thoughts on the programme.

do drop us a line to hyperlink mailto:global3000@dw.comglobal30 and don't forget we're on facebook too dw women and dw global ideas see you soon! take care!

narrator: from deep inside a volcano to the density of a forest, people around the world are preserving natural wonders in their home e cities. a docent at mt. vesuvius shares why he has devoted his life to the volcano that destroyed the area generationsns before. a man in hong kokongeaeads neighbors in a fight to preserve the historic forest that has become pollute