>> w welcome to glglobal 3000! this week, we find out how young people in uganda are turning their dreams into reality y . >> we learn about a popotentil solution for glolobal food wase and we meet a photographer documenting g the effects of global warming in the sahel. >> more than a third of our planet is made up of deserts and dry lands and that percentage is rising..

every y year, an additional 7000 s squarkilomemete of fertillaland tns to o sert: thmain c cses are deforereation, overgrazi, anand thoveruse water rources , a of whicdeplete e soil o of esntial minerals. with temperatures set to risee over the coming decades the rate of desertification n is lilikely to speed up considerab. water scarcicity is alreready a problem for one billion people, most of ththem in africa. the 2020 world risk index says the situation particularly precarious in the sahel region. lake chad in west-central afririca, people h here have ld frfrom farming a and catching h for r thousands ofof years. it appeaears idyllic a at first glance but o one of the wowors biggest enenvironmentall catastrophes is unfolding here. twenty years ago, the lake's surface shrunk by 90%, and now climate change has brought

extreme weather that's destroying the local farmers' livelihoods. photographer andy spyra is working on a photo project that documents the effects of climate change on the entire sahel region. spyra was the last reporter in the region before the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic. back home in germany, africa's problems seem far away. nevertheless, they have a direct impmpact on europe. >> 80 million people live in the sahel region.. their livelihoods will be taken away in the coming years and decades. the people here have to go somewhere, and go they will. it's just a matter of where. >> on lake c chad, spyra experirienced first-t-hand howe climate catastrophe letoto confnflict wars,s, trorism a a anarchy.y. extrtreme weather r is getting worse,e, harvests arare faili, and large paparts of lake e cd can no longeger be traversrsed.

becaususe nature canan no lonr provide for the pepeople here, there are intensfights ove the remaining resources. tire villages have bee burned down. >> we were in two villages that ended up at war with each other, and it was clearly about resources. it w was about access to wate, access to food, and fishing rights. the weapons theyey used were s archaic as t the spears, bows d arrows. thousandnds of people die on le chad each year due to the regional conflicts that have embroiled the region. >> andy spyra has photographed in syria, afghanistan and in the balkans.s. he shoots with a wide angle lensns, which means he hasas tt close e up to people. spyra's work isn't limited too farmerers. he also photographs warlords, islamic extremists, women who have been raped. he understands the interplay between hunger, war, and

religious extremism from seeing them first-hand, including on lake chad. >> boko haram drivives around e lake at night t and recruits young men. the offer of 500 dollars and an ak-47 is very enticing to someone whose livehood iss disappppearing. >> spypyra also wentnt to nige, where the conflict between the mads and the farmers has been eslatiting for yearsrs. it's now one of the bloodiest civil wars in the world. for a week, spyra accompanied muslim fulani nomads as they drove their cattle herds southward during the dry season. but dwindling pastures caused the situation to explode. when fulani herds grazed on farming land, the farmers shot the cattle. the nomads burned down the farmers' villages in retaliation. both believe they're in the right, and the government is unable to resolve the conflict. >> later, we heard the other side of the story.

we went to the christian farmers and listened to their version of what happened. this one village called bare was completely destroyed by the fulani people. dozens of people were massacred, people were decapitated, and they took the heads with them. it was very brutal. in mali, internal conflicts led to a military coup. troops marched through the streets of the capital bamako and forced president keita and prime minister cissé to resign. not even deploying the german military, ich h habeen in e countrfor r 7 yes, cououn't prevent the total collapse of the government. in march, andy spyra was in mopti, an area that was once popular among tourists. today, the region is isolated,

and millions of civilians suffer violence. there are caliphates and ethnic militias, but no government. mali hasn't been safe for quite some time. >> we went to visit with the prime minister, and there was an armed unit a kilometer long. at least a hundred vehicles drove there, just to visit the village. that says a lot out secucuty there. >> more thanan 2 million p pee from the l lake chad regegion e fled due to hunger, war and extremism. andy spyras' provocative pictures show the impact this has on people, and how violence leads to trauma and devastation. they have no choice but to flee, and they won't be the last. hunger is on the rise all over the world it now affects around 820 millllion people a and yet, some 1.3.3 billion tons of fod are wasted e every year. in deveveloping coununtries ths

often down to a lack of infrastrucucture for frfreshly-harvested food. as a result, on average 6 to 11 kilos of food are wasted this way, per person per year there. in industrial nations, that figure is 10 times greater. retailers and consumers often toss out food just because it no longer appears fresh. extended the shelf-life of prododuce could imimprove te situatation for all.l. >> fruit and vegetables rotting in fields, or during tranansportation t to consume. accocording to thehe un food d agricultural organatioion or fa some 14 percent of f od is lost after harveststing and befe it reaches the market or retailerer. >> so if youou go to a parartir country y or particulalar vill, you are lilikely to see varyig levels o of food losses.

and these, depending on the situation, could go up even to 50 percecent if you're talking about t fruits and v vegetabl; fofor example ififhe farmer r s not find a m market for ththat prodt inin a timely mamann. now, this is a huge amount o food and if you coert it into monetary quantity, it's a lot. and if you convert it monetarily, , thloss to thee environment or the environmental impact, ththat's also huhug. whwh that happens, water, ststicidesnd r resoues usesed for transportatition are all wasted. sosome 7 percentntf glol greenhousese gas emissioions ce traceded back to fooood loss d waste. the m main uses i incde problems with transportation and refrigeration. e papath froharvrvest kikitchen table e is a race ags time. a a california-b-based company, apeel sciences might be able to help. founder james rogers and his

team have developed a liquid thatould extxtd the shelf-life of fruitsts and vegetabl.. >> apeel is a little exactly like it sounds peel and we apply y it to thsurfrface of frh oduce.e. you can't see it.. you u can't tastste it. yoyou can't feelel it. but it slowsws down the fafacs that c cau the fruru to age. >> it helps even without refrigeratn.n. apeel is a a liquid coatating t dries ininto kind ededible ski. the cocoating helps the produe last up to four timemes as lon. that buys titime time to trtransport the ododuce, to ste itit, and to eatat it before i t spoils. apeel is b based on lipipids d other natutural compoundnds fd in f fruitand vevegebles. they'r're extracted d and bled

into a tailor-made solutioion. >> and b by combining them in e right t rati, whenen they dry, they dry i into an arranangemt that allows us to contntrol te factors ththat cause fruit to a, whicarare basically water going out and oxygen going in. so same materials. we're jujust teaching thth a nw trick by fding the rht formrmula to applyly to diffet kikinds of produduce in ordero give them the same kinof protececti that t yohave on a lemon, on a cucucumber or on n avocadado. >> d dutch whosasaler nature's pridide ses someme 1,000 tons of fruits and vegetables a year. ththey import frfrom 59 counts pecially l latin ameri.. in rotterdam, the imported produce continues to ripen befo it't's soed, papack and shipped to the retailer. spoilage andnd waste is a a con prproblem in the industry,y, t the company y hopes to mininie

these lolosses in e e future. if a cononsumer throwsws food , they actually y bought it anand ththey don't usese it and thatat costs monene soso in the aiain, if d don't throw it a away, you donon't sd that mononey wrongly. with ape we can reduce food wae wiwith 5percenent at the retatail level. food that used to o land in te trascan now w be sold. every day, nature's idide treats six tons of a avocados with apepeel before sesending m to s supermarket s shelves aos europe. the main customers are in scandanavia, germany andhehe neththerlas. nature's priride is thfifirst company in e europe to usese a. theyey're planningng to stat treatiting other kininds of frs and vegetables soon. aspagugus is cing g by a. by u usi apeel, , may give them the posbibility tgo b by boat. and d that is, of f cou, sustainanably fantastitic. so there's l lots of opportunitities. > so far, thehe new tecoloy is mainly being used by larg mpananies.

smalaller ones canan't afforit t apeel says i it'planning t to chchange t that with a new buss momodel in whichch retail chas anand supermarkekets pay smalr producers and farmers to instalthe e neceary seset-. inin return, they'll receive ngnger-lasting p produce. farmers in p places that h havt had accessss to national and internrnationamarkrkets could also benefit. so the opportunity ito b be abable to use apapeel to reduce transporortation costs and increase the quality so it't's not ai it a a way f a small producecer whgrows s sothing g that's intrsically y valuable to collect sosome of ththat value. > extending thehe shelf-liff prproduce will h help butut it end the proboblem of food d ls and waste. for that, transportation a refrigeration systems willll ao neneed to be impmproved and expanded.. and coconsumers willll have top ththrowi food d aw and ststt on buyining what they'y' actually eatat.

>> this week in global ideas we look at employment opportunies. how can jobs be created for young people while at the same time protecting our planet and its resources? just outside the ugandan capital kakampala, our r repor julius mugamambwa visited da learning hub which encourages young people to turn ththeir creativeve viss into reaeality. >> our house colollapsed. my only beloved grandmother died because from the injuries she suffered . so i turned my painful past into a motivation. i nenever knew t that what i amm dodoing would turn this bibigo me and to ththe environmt.t. >> i felt unloved, i felt discririminated against becaue of my often falling sick from malaria. i am now part ofof the solutin in my country. >> two peoeople, each wiwith a vision. joan nalubega produces soap wi a a scent that t repels mosqtos. accordinto the un,n, every two

minutes child under e age of 5 diesf malaria. >> e even if i'm not saving al the e kids that are suffffering right now, at least i'm saving the ones that t i can. >> johnmary kavuma is founder anand director o of the gren business upcycle africa, wchch buililds hses ouout recyclele plastic bottles. > we are transferring the wae crisis in n africa i io employment opportunitities for marginalised groups s of peoe, so we e e constrtingng affordabableomes. >> kavuma and nalubega are graduates of the social innovation academy or si f for shshort. it's lococated in the e town of mpigi, a about 3kilolomete south of uganda's s catal kampmpala here young people, including orphans and street kids, learn how to develop theieir ideas intoto successfull busisinesses. due toto the covid-19 pandemi, lyly a few studedents e

currently able to attend classes s onampus. >> it's not giving them information like a teacher, this is s what y neeeed too, thisis is the ririghanswer, ,t helping th to discover their own ananswers. to underststand what thehe next steps are,e, what the gogoals , how can n they achieveve them,t they want to achieve. >> german social entrepreneur etienne salborn founded sina in 2014 for people who want to build d their own cacareer pa. the academy is financed by donations. it's been over ten years since salborn met joan and johnmaryy while volunteeeering in an orphphanage. they've knknown each other a lg titime. salborn quicickly realizeded ta lot of young people in ugand ve n no foal worork. the couny hahas e of the unungest a fastest-growing populations in africa. especially in anda, people are not always prepad to work tothther to esenent themlveses, to asksk critical ququestionso

find their own solutions, thr n ananswers. and wewe are learnining that at sina a and that's whwhy oftent eveverybody will become an entrepepreneur, but t many ofr scholars who have been at sina have foundnd jobs. >> one of the sosolutions led o kakampala, wherere plastic wass a huge proroblem. 350,000 totons of trashh accucumulates in t the ugandan capital every y year and onlnly half of it is disposed of. much of the plastic lands on this trarash dump. recycling g isn't common here. johnhnmary kavuma a pays young trash collectors to gather bottles that he can then use to build houses. >> every time that i come here i give some money to other people to recycle and keeping our r environment clean. it gives me a lot of hope that the future generation will inherit a healthy planet that we have protected from plastic

wastste. >> earth is pressed d into the plastic bottles to m make bric. many women w work for r kavums business, gingng them the chance to eaearn their ownwn m. >> our w wagesere raiseded recentlyly. now i can papay my daughteter's ununiversity tuition, and d ge heher the opporu@@nity to grad. >> k kavuma says t the houseae cocool iide evevenn hot dada. his business has already coconsucted momore tn 1000 builildings, usingng over 3 min pltic bottttles in thehe proce. due to t the coronavirirus papandemic, commmmissions have slslowed, but ththere is fundg cocoming in frfrom aoad. >> we are revisi our different lutions soe can survive e as a company. hohowever, walsoso havsomeme people who came alalong to support us.

for examplple we got somome fug from i ikea and acumumenthat decideded to support us, especially i in the era ofof cv 19.. >> this woman supppplies jn nalubebega wh lemon grass, a key ingredient in her soap. so she brings bars by these days for free. before the covid-19 crisis, she sold her soap to tourists and hotels for a higher price, so she could keep the price down for locals. now that there are hardly any tourists, she's expanded her online business. it helps that the soap's effectiveness has been scientifically verified. >> in the past, often gogot sik with malaria, especially children. since we've been using the soap, it's been a while since anyone here has had malaria. >> the refugee settlement nakivale in western ugandait

provides shelter for more than 100,000 people who fled the viviolence in neneighboring countrieies such as sosouth su. many peoeople have livived herr ars,s, incding v vicr mafigigi . togethther with etieienne sal, he b brought the s sina modelo nakivale.. ndnding rk t tends to bebe evn harderer for refugees s than r young ugugandans. a few of v victor's traiaineese alreadady been awardrded prize moy at mususic festivalsls. >> i in the navavale refeeee settttlement, therere are a lof younung people witith dorman illsls. people whoho do not have chahas to go o to school anand also no opportunitits. > we come to o realize thatat refufugee artitist canot onlyy depend on aid. but they can also bebe doing something else, to earn a living.

>>utut there he e alsoeen setbacks. caususe covid-19, a sin brbranch in soututh africa hao be put on hohold. nevertheheless, etiennnne saln remains convinced d that sina will play a part in more succs ststorie like e those of jojohnmary kavumuma and joan nalubegaga. >> i have a vision to make my country a better place. i have a v vision to make afri, instead of runningng away from it, to make a betttter place. >> if my grandmother happened to see me e now, i know w she d be proud of me. >> stick to your own agreements! the words are simple: the concern is deep. the agreements are of course those set on climate change in paris in 2015. the fridays for future protests have turned into a worldwide movement of people, young and old, calliling for goverernmes anand individualals to get a he on global l warming.

it is, they say, our shared responsibility to act. something one community in northern finland has taken to hearart. >> this is northern finland, near the baltic coast. after hihitting the sasauna, nothingng beats a a quick dip in the cod river. >> very refreshing. when y're e heren the e war, you really feel like p part of nature. >> we live right iththe midd naturure. we can enjnjoy the water, pick berrs anand gountingng. it's i important foror us thae can n grow our ownwn food hered that we e have the fororest, d access t to nature in n gener.

> this town's's name is ii,i, spelelled ii. it's just as simple and straightforward as the town itself. a few roads, two supermarkets, and just under ten thousand inhabitants. ii is considered one of europe's greenest communities. the town has managed to reduce its co2 emissions by 80 percent. >> in ii, it's become eaear to us, at clilima change e n't onon the way it't's already h. and 've unundetood thahait's not jujust the big p players t have to o make the chahange. we have to be part of the chan as s well > the key to their suesess s be creatatinincentiviv, so that everybody doeoes their pa. in finlaland's daycareres ad schohools, children are taught hohow to protectct the climate. >> it all began with the project.

we triried it out inin three schoolols. the children monitor the wat d elelecicity use and get paidalf ofof wt they'v've saved the scschool on thosose utilit. then thehey can buy sosomething with thehe money. ththe project was so sucssssfu, it wasxpananded to all t the scschools and dadaycare centern ii. >> in the past ten years, residents in ii have reduced their ener consumpon by half. the children he e used t monesaveved to buyoyoys, plas even a a pl table.e. >> they ha t to come out. ose e arthe carrots. >> no,hehey have to go. >> the town n of ii is sururroe unspopoil nature, as well ass some of europe's largest peat bogs. for centuries, peat was burned here as a source of energy, but theyey're also vast t reservoif co2. prprotecting them m keeps that2

out of the atmosphere. businessman yuha hulkko is from ii. he bought large tracts of the nearby peat bogs and made them protected areas. >> we can only change if every person and every familily does their part, whwhatever they y . doing large anand small thinins at we needed to help figight climate change. >> some of scandinavia's tallest wind turbines are located in ii. non-renewable energy, heating oil that pollutes the air for example, has been banned. ii relies on its own wind and water, and produces ten times more green energy y an the town needs. and ii earns foumimillion ross a yeyear selling i its leftover elelectricit >> we've had m many discussios about wind energy, about the noise. for example, the blighght on te countryside and how wind turbines disru commumunity life. >> 60 0 new wind turbines are being planned for construction arouound the outerer edge of a imeveval fest. n notne treee

has been felled he in n the la hunundredears.. >> you wonon't be able to concl the wiwind turbines.s. they're 300 meteters high and t up only a few hundred meters from this sp. >> it's s our common goal to protect nanature in li.. we need the e wind power, , bue alalso need to p protect the surrrroundings. it's l like a puzzlele. in the endnd, we have toto putl of the p pieces together, to fd ththe best cprpromis >> protecting the climate is indeed a massive puzzle.e. what impmpact can a lilittle n have o on such a glolobal prob? a a big one, according tththe people oii.. fofor one thing, t they can sa gogood example.. what works f for a remote e cor of finlaland just mighght workr the rest of the world too. >> that's all from us at global 3000 this week! we'd love to have your thoughts on the programme.

do drop us a line to hyperlink mailto:global3000@dw.comglobal30 and don't forget we're on facebook too dw women and dw global ideas see you soon! take care!