>> welcome to global 3000! in the philippines' catal, manila, smog and traffic jams are the order of the day. a transport revolution is urgently needed. easier said than done. young female engineers working on a mission to mars? not necessarily what you'd expect in the united arab emirates. what is life really like as a refugee? we meet a photographer offering insight into the hopes and the suffering of migrants. coronavirus feels like the only news of 2020 but this year has also seen many millions of people forced to flee their

homes. figures are not yet out for 2020 b they certnly haven't improved since last year wn, according to the un's refugee agency, unhcr, 79.5 million people were internally and internationally displaced. around 40 percent of them were under 18. then came the pandemic. extensive lockdowns have left many people jobless: that's key reaso says the 2of lesbos leaving thousands of upn flampeople homeless.s: how are they doing now? what is life really like for migrants in greece? >> athens, a few days before lockdown. enri canaj is out and about with his camera. many of the refugees who were

sent to the greek mainland after moria camp was razed to e grnd have ded up her in victoria square. w that they have been anted official refee status,hey >> wn people are graed asyl, they no longer have any right to recei state aid they get no kind ofinancial >> wnsuppt any morend no asyl, taccommodatn.r have any >>he new greek alum lawshave f pele seeking refe in europe. for years, enri canaj has been documeing their tes withhis ch when he wayoung, he,oo, ed with his family from albania to athens where they lived illegally. e prestigis magnum ancy phographer has made highlighting migration and the plight of refugees his life

work. canaj was there when the blaze broke out at the moria camp on lesbos. >> "i remember the exhaustion and fear in their eyes, but i also saw hope that moria was finally over. the hope that things would improve. one of the girls who i have often photogphed, the 12 year old afghan girl manija ganized a protest rch on the day after the fire. at first, only 20 children took part, then the march kept swelling in size. they all just wanted to get away from the island. >> these are desrate cries fon remains dely dividedn asyl and migraon policy. the greeks rushed to build a temporary replacement camp directly by the sea. canaj is one of the few photojournalists with access to kara tepe. he, too, is only allowed to work with a police escort an attempt to control the flow of information to the outside

world about the catastrophic conditions: the accommodation in tents, the lack of medical provision, food and running water. >> "people wash themselves with seawater. but when the winter mes what should they do then? the children are already in a pitiful state." "and yet people continue to have this unbelievable energy. for example, i saw manija crying in despair when moria was burning. and then she really impressed me with her actions. first, she organized the protest and then she established a school again in the new mp and taught th younge children. it's unbelievable how these people manage to keep looking ahead." >> flooding, the looming winter, the coronavirus pandemic, what has to happen to

make europe remember its fundamental values? >> "i can't mprehendhat we aren't helng these pple because we are afraid of more migrants arriving. some of the people that we are talking about have been living here for twor three years alread hardly any migrants arrived here last year." >> for some here, the photographer is a mainstay including masha from afghanistan. >> "when i told her that i would be leaving in a few days, she turned around suddenly and said to me: "will you come and say goodbye to us before you leave. i almost welled up with tears." "before you leave say goodbye to us" is also the working title of a forthcoming photo book a book devoted to the people whose livese has been

tdocumeing since 15 when e numb of migrantsrriving inoto boeuropeeached i highpoi.e pthphotograer has flowedbeen their movements, their arrival in germany and sweden, in some cases. ese photos also tell a story of fre starts. cases. >> " was hopeful to sethat many of the people who made it as far can now stand on their own two feet and were able to begin a new life." >> in hens, canawill coinue to rerd the strgle of the moria refugees to survive , they, too, should get a chance. >> why do the wealthy gulf states take in barely any refugees? the united arab emirates, for example, appears to invest its substantial oil revenues in stately buildings, vast airports and airlines all

prestigious, pr friendly projects. some analysts say many fear social unrest, should the country welcome in "too many" migrants. yet deite such cticisms, some analysts say many fear one thing is changing in the uae: the status of women. that's particularly clear in its state funded mars mission. >> ayesha sharafi is monitoring the progress of the hope spacecraft. it is zipping along at more than a hundred thousand kilometers an hour on course for mars. it is set to go into orbit around the planet in february. ayesha sharafi is a chemist and propulsion engineer and also does shifts as risk manager in the control room. the responsibility is huge. but she and the rest of the team are well prepared for

unexpected events. >> "losing contact, maybe." >> reporter: >> "what would happen then?" >> we always have contingency plans in place for off nominal situations like maybe losing contact. >> the emirate mars mission is the first interplanetary mission by an arab country. the hope spacecraft was launched from the tanegashima space center in japan on the 20th of july. it was a big moment for the team at mission control in dubai. the aim of the mission is to gain a complete picture of mars's atmosphere, clouds, gases and dust storms and thus new insight into the planet's climate dynamics. the mission also has strategic goals, polishing the image of

the uae and inspiring young people to study science subjects. it is a conservative society ruled by old men that is still dependent on oil revenues. but it wants to go high tech, become a knowledge economy, and appear liberal. >> the mohammed bin rashid space centre exemplifies this procesatellites in 2006 with know-how and technology acquired from abroad. ayesha sharafi has been working here since she graduated from university. she is the spacecraft propulsion subsystem lead on the mars mission. it is a huge venture and adventure, with its ups and downs. working with women was something new for mohsen al awadhi, the lead mission systems engineer. it took some getting used to.

but now they work together as equals. >> "from the beginning, we were used to seeing female engineers working on sides of technical segments and sectors that you normally think only men work there but you would be surprised to see the amount of interest that the female engineers have." >> the mars mission builds on the success of the space centre's earth observation satellite, khalifasat, launched in 2018 the first satellite built entirely in the uae and mainly by women. on the mars mission, 80 percent of the scientists are women. >> "being a researcher doesn't become an obstacle course to becoming a mother, i am indeed a mother myself, i do have a kid. it doesn't hold us away of

taking care of our own families, but rather it gives us a chance to contribute to the country." >> "there is a lot of support from the center as well, supporng us with flexible timing, and also supporting us in terms of giving us specific leave when we require it." >> government policy in the uae is to achieve gender equality and to empower all women and girls. however, 70% of the workforce is still men even though there are lots of educated women. >> sarah al amiri is minister of state for advanced science and science lead on the mars mission. hiring for the mission without regard to any old boys network meant new opportunities for highly qualified women.

>> "having a small organisation, more of a start up culture that needs to develop at a very fast rate, where the objectives are very challenging. you no longer are able to discriminate against people and you have to get the best people to fulfill the job." >> still, there is a long way to go until gender equality is attained in many arab countries. nonetheless, the space centre has offered women like ayesha sharafi the opportunity to reach for the stars. >> and now from space we head back to earth. in 2015 there were around 1.3 bbilon vehicles on our planet: cars, mortobikes, buses most of them privately owned. forecasts suggest that by 2050 this figure could almost double to more than two and a half billion.

the rapid rise in vehicles will be felt most in developing countries where air pollution is already a huge problem. electric vehicles like these buses in chile or mini vans in kenya will be essential if we are to achieve a proper shift to sustainable transportation. but e cars remain the exception starting to change in the something philippines.ally >> more than 13 million people live in metro manila. the aihere is thick and not just with humidity. pollution has ng been a pr. according to the world health organization, the philippines has anxceptional high rateof a. postal divery work albert zada struges to makeis way throh this constion ever morning. but he's one of the fepeople z the city th an e mod any

can trel from a b quietlyand a emissions. >> here in the pasig districty e moped, given the choice. it's quieter, and it doesn't pollute the air. you also save on gas money. the other motorbikes around me are really loud. i feel much more relaxed on my moped. it's a lot less stressful. >> the philippines' ectric stal fle is part oa model project that is co funded by the united nations and the philippine energy ministry. a total of 30 vehicles already run on electricity. metro manila wants to beme an environmental pioneer, and cut traffic congestion with new ncepts. pasig is o of 10 mod cities wodwide where electromobility is being promoted with funding from the eu and the

>> b it's not that simple. and the mayor of pasig knows just how urgeny changes need. climate cnge and air pollution are definitely problems globally. here in pasig , as a highly urbanized city in the ddle of metro manila air pollution is definitely a big problem. recently we just completed our greenhouse gas inventory and we see that the rates of air pollution in the city are alarming at least, and we need to do whatever we can do lower these rates in the near future. >> tojo motors wants to profit from this switch to electromobility. based to the south of metro manila, for seven years now it has been building a range of elecic vehics, including ese "jenies" currently, tojo motors still imports all its components from producinand engineingvisn iy cally for r local customers. so our mission is to have the

philippino people enjoy electric vehicles as their mode of transportation for public and private. >> but the company still relies on support from the philippine govement and the european union. plus: e mobilityas yet to properly take off in the country and the technical specifications have yet to be finalized. >> the heart of thwhole thin is the ectric battery. we need to get a good mix between the size and what would be affordable for the market. >> at the moment, hardly anyone philippis foprivate us nyfti a startuphat builds folding bicycles, and originally electric ones too but with thabusiness proving unprofitable, the two founders now only upgrade bikes with batteries. >> thearts that get coststhe t unprofitable, the two founders

you get from china. so for a startup it's very difficult to compete especially in such a new market where it's very price sensitive. >> ingko mafori is the startup's co-founder. he and his team make standard folding bikes. he's a cyclg enthusiast and keen contbu to effos to rede traffic congestion. >> our citiewere not digned to have other modes of transportation, especially 2 wheels lightweight transportation ones. so if your city is not meant for bicycles electric bicycles will also be challenging. >> electromobility comes at a high price. it is still too expensivfor most people and it also hasn't gained widespread acceptance among the pulation, cording to the mor of pasi neveheless, thdesire for clear and more environy is growing. so what would the people we talkedo like to e 30 yearsfrom?

>> i hope that congestion will so whave eased by 2050.e we particularly if more people use electric vehicles whether they are motorbikes, bicycles or cars. i hopehere'lle more of em particularly if more people use because itill impre traffi they pasiin 2050,opefullyt's acceptedut widely us whereprit trsportati are notust dominate the roads. >> the vehicles are noowned the peopl but instead you buy the service. and that is strongly anchored on smart solutions, and e mobility plays a major role. >> in 2050 i hope that metro manila embraces cycling as an infrastructure and a way for people to move around. we have bike lanes that take us around different cities covered with trees. >>t's a vision that seems a world away from the current,

congested reality of manila. by 2050, up to 23 miion people will live in the region making the need for new mobility concepts all the more pressing. >> now we ad from buling mala to rurasouth afri. there, many people would love to have more options for getting around. kids and teenagers here often find it challenging even getting to school. our reporter julia jaki met members of an ngo who are kitting children out with second hand bikes boosting the lives of many near the coastal town of margate. >> esihle sjadu starts the day with a very long walk to school , it takes almost an hour to get there. she lives in kwazulu natal province in south africa, in a

village near the east coast. >> "i have to get (up) early and just be ready for school, so early, because it's too long the wais t really ng." >> there is no public transport around here. children often arrive late at school or just don't go. the deputy principal says a number of issues need to be addressed. >> "there is this problem of late coming as well as also absentism that is the issue that we are having and there is the risk of girls walking on the road you see. there is this problem of crime, you know the crime in south africa is very high, there is that problem also." >> a few kilometers away is the base of an ngo that wants to solve the transportation problem for poor local children. nadia erasmus, ayanda masengemi and sam wenger are part of the

team of sweetbike. they are unloading 470 second hand bikes recently delivered from switzerland. they will go to kids at various schools here in the area around margate, 140 kilometers south of durban. >> "so basically, when the new container arrives, it's like, i feel like a small child who is just about to open like a packet. it's really like, this is the change that we are bringing to the country that's the type of feeling i get when the container arrives, it's a very good feeling." >> sweetbike got going last year and has already provided more than 1900 bicycles to schools. each one first has to be assembled and tested at the sweetbike workshop. the project depends on donations. depending on how much money comes in, sam wenger and the team buy and import up to several containers full each year. the covid-19 pandemic has meant delays in deliveries recently.

>> "so, we are trying to squeeze everything in before the closing of the schools for the festive season, which is a bit stressful at the moment, but we'll manage." >> the workshop has five trainee mechanics. nadia erasmus is in charge here. together they process about forty bikes a day. vocational training is another core element of sweetbike's mission. the aim is to enhance skills and create jobs and new opportunities in bicycle assembly, repair and distribution. >> "the idea is at the end of the year to equip them with enough skills so they can either open their own workshop or be placed in a job opportunity in the field. we try and teach not only to think of it as mechanics, but maybe also selling bikes." >> some of the trainees already have plans for when they complete the course.

>> "in future, i would like to have a shop for bicycles and sell it to rural areas because there is not much transport there, so they can use bicycles." >> sam weer and ayanda masengemi are going to visit a friend and former trainee. he lives in a village a few kilometers away. siphamandla sinama completed the course a year ago. he now runs a bike workshop in his house. sweetbike gave him a starter set of tools. he thought a lot of schoolchildren would come to have their bikes looked at, but the pandemic and lockdown meant schools were closed and few actually showed up.

still, business is not bad. "i am getting more like elderly people, because they are working like in town, so obviously they can come here just to fix their bicycles." >> the next morning, back at sweetbike, it's time to distribute a batch of newly assembled and tested bikes before schools close for the christmas holidays in mid december. these 30 bikes are for inkulu primary school. progre is slow on e unpaved road. the children are excited about the bikes. especially esihle sjadu. for her it had been a long wait.

>> "first time they came here, i felt like i will get a bike, but i didn't get it, i thought maybe if they come again i will get one and it's happened." >> how do you feel? >> "i feel so happy." >> before the kids can set off on their bikes, they get safety training. for some, riding a bike is an entirely new experience. >> "now, i have my own transport, i can go wherever i want to go and it's easy, it's as simple as that." balancing on two wheels takes a little practice, but esihle sjadu is keen to learn and would like nothing more than to cycle to school the very next day. >> and that's all from us this time. we'd love to hear what you thought drop us a line to global3000dw.com. and check out our facebook

pages: dw global ideas and dw women. >> we're back next week! see you then! take care!

the united kingdom has made history by becoming the first and only country to formally leave the european union. the two sides did manage to come up with a last minute trade agreement to prevent a possibly harmful no deal departure. now, though, they must learn to live together geographically but politically independent prime minister boris johnson has promised a golden age for the british people. so on to the point, we ask brexit, can the uk really go it alone? e thanks so much for joining us here on