(slow sic) - huns typally ado a command d controapproach

tonvironmeal prlem solvg. here's t problemwe can gineer aay arounit. technolo is greain so ma rems of hun experice, but whenou try t ply manilation ancontrol ecosysts througtechnolo, you'reften sucssful eay on but en probls creep later o - one ofhe thingthat our morn socie has donis industrlize allhe ling thingaround u have faories foliving tngs, and th includefish. mans belve erythings for us so if ere are anims in theorld, surelyhey are r us and suly we shld just ything wwant witthem

or tthem. and isn'that gre? welli don't ite see ithat way. fish areild animalopulatns. th're not de to, orvolved t or reallcapable being ud at theate that peoplese them. e whole th of e rden of en is a ace whe everhing wasranted and evything w beautif. and then bause human hris, were doed to a fe of to. are cerinly casng ourselveout of t garden and doomg oursels to a le ofoil throh our huis. (dmatic sic)

(bging) - this ia king smon, buwe refero them as ahinook smon, ich isheirore affoable nam

this bath re which hacarbon dxide, itnesthetis the fish, ockshem out. d the gu are pulng the sh out ithey're ght, and ey're chook salm. d we st the sh inserting a neee to theirody cavi, whh forcesir in d pushesll of theggs out d then aer ey're spned here they gto the oer si of the ble ther and wee biologally samplinghe fish. would you ke to toh one? (crowd groang) els kindslimy. low musi - coman natial fish tchery is a mitigation tchery.

wee here bause of asta dam beg but in 12. so the ppose of leman naonal fishatchery is to mitige fothe lossf habitat e to shaa dam. thcreationf the da preventeabou180 mis river aess for e salmon here atoleman national fh hatche, we rai fall chook salm, te fall inook saon, ansteelhea our oductionoal heres 12 milon. so we release million and 're tryi to g a 1% rern. weould lik 0,000 fi retur 90,0 of at wou beaught inhe ocean and in rersport shery. ,000 bacto the hchery and en 10,00back to (indistinct why do wneed hateries? welli think,ounow, populati's goingp, ter's, y know, aoncern. and so iyou stl would ke to sesalmon,

i ink you' going tneed to havhatcheri unfortunely. it'dnice to ink that the would enough ter d enviroent to sport salm populatns, buwithouhatcheri, i n't thk that woulbe a reaty. - [manthis is e baker ver dam,65 feet gh, which ops millns of salmon fm returng to the spawningrounds abe the dawithout lp. sohe unitestates beau of fisries hastepped i and sad the daby proving a free re upstre. it's t only wathe salmon c be save fr dashing thselves tpieces ainst thstoneworfar belo - huma have alys thout themsees superioto nure. u know, 's got u in a lot otrouble.

- wh the eo-americans ca, they bieved thnatural rld was big wareuse, storg commodies that they we obliged to make e of, take. they aed spenc baird, e us fiscommissier, what cld they to ensu thathe salmoruns would on forer? baird ld 'emyou're not gog to be le to prote the habitat through gulation becae they'de unenfoeable. u're notoing to able to ptect 'emrom dams because ogress igoing to dend that ms be but. and so he sa, "what yoneed to is take uprtificiapropagatn." the peop that original were thfish and wildlife sentists ren't. they we agricuuralists ansince th1800s,

oufish andildlif encies he been dinated an agculturalentality ju like fa, you rae them, you put em out, u harvesthem. that's t basis f fish an wildfe manement inhe us for es and as. - the fa is saon mustnd part their le out inhe wild. and wasn't til in t 70s at we rely started evaluating, what a we doinwhen releaseatchery sh in a strea e use ofatcherie waa promis at youould he salmon and you uld also ve the befits of deloping e river. puthat nexto the ft that 40% ofhe salmoare extinct in tir hisric rae and e rest a proteed the endgered spies act, you woulhave to y that th story dn't prott ththings tt we valu, the saon.

- wee been rying on those me runs fish, the wild fh, sin thbeginninof time. when yr healths their hethright? you'rearriedn that w and i ink thatnion eates thsacredne. to havthat relionship wi a singlspecies iseal specl. u think out like thsioux pele d the bualo backn the da before erything s colonid, but at relatnship unrtunely was vered. if we t these ns , then ty're gon and i doot thinkhat we, people o are on ts planetow, should bokay wit lowing smon too extincon our wch. so the arage pern, wh they sea salmon

th see a smon, ty sea finish product anit's phaps at e end ofheir fisng line, perhs in a rtaurant on the plate, but ey don'tee the complety of thgs at wt into maki that saon. - lmon, i ink, hav the st complated, you coulalso say wondro life hiories of, i gus, any fh. they sta life byatching fr eggs in strea and en they out the oce and when they come back, they're much, much bigger. you' distillg the richness of the ocn and enlivening it. and th that enlivened distillation of the ocean

propels itself upstream against gravity. sotimes they go well over 1,000 miles inland, where after layi eggs and creatinghe potential for a new nerationthey die. and thr carcasses feed dozens of kinds of anils, gedragged deep into the woods. e life cycle of the salmon is actlly the ansformation of the ocean into livi beings that come ashore and beco the biggest trs in the world. - ld salmo presensomethin thats really impornt tos as hum beings. u have nive americanultures re at have olved wi the fishor 11,00years. yohave, yoknow, famies like ne,

th fish fosalmon a eat salmon a think aut salmo and en i thi becausehis is the a of humaimpact, at wherehere are wi salmo i thinit reprents our ith in mher natu, th we allod thato happen i s born tfish. all of mearliestemories relve arou fish in some y or anoer. as a yng adulti built my wholealendar ar aroundhe skykosh sprin shery fowild stehead. and at reall came my session.

i ought of hatchees as sothing th actuallkind of helpeds as fisrmen, thathere wou be more fisin the rer anwe werallowed killhe hatchy fish, so that ant a me. i n't thini ever hadne secon where thought out conservaon at al i thoughabout geing enough mey for g and piz so that could sh allhe time. what iidn't reize s that wwere reay at the tl end of long deine of wd fish. in le 2000, ey annoued th the 200season woulnot happ, that thetate was gog to clo down that sing catc d releasfishery beuse the were s few ld steelad fish that en a low pact fishing ason cou wipe ou the la of them it w really ke a gutunch. mean, i d built is ole liferound th fishery d now it gone. sohat wa in a lo of ws, a wakup call.

i stted dog some search, arted reing, started lking toeople. talkedo biologts, lked to sh manags, talked tother fiermen. and learned out the ur hs. dro, harst, bitat, a hatchers. thiss sort of,ind the impts on saon and steeead peop talk abt. and so ised that as a gdeline d i stard thinki abt the skomish, d you kn, well, e bitat hadn't rlly chand overhose 10 ars, it was prey good. there s noydro, therwas no ds. the haest, as r as i cld tell, had mained ratively nstant and t we h this plmeting nber of fh. and sohe one cstant that i fnd is th a hatchy had beenperatingor the enti duratio the decne of wi steelhe. i thk that w what started nd of focus learninmore abo the rolehat hatcries pla

in theecline onot just shing oprtunitie but ofild fish pulationperiod. (tping) - an] the ms came downn the ela, it was t largestiver storation in htory. we spentore than320 llion toecover wd salmon but instd of letng them recoloze the rer naturly, the way ey've evved to do forillions years, we snt $17 mlion to bud a brannew hatcry. so nowe're opeting not ju one, but twhatcheri on a river th was resred for e benefiof wild lmon. and we msed thisuge opportuny tollow the river to return being tly wild.

- oh, 92, no mar no tag. - ho 73, nmark, noag. - thiss a teamf interns d staff. they a collectinour longerm datan salmonse ofhe elwhaearshore we then ke the data, compe them or the cade that wve been cording e informion, anlook at e evolutn of thelwha neahore ashe dam rovalrogresse as wild sh now rruit intohis nearore area we see tse large mbers hatchery fi. our coern is tt the hatcry spies may challenng the ld speci tha artrying trecover.

th are vulrable to theshatcheryish, eitherhrough pdation or physil displament or competion foresources the ri is thate're actlly unting t river'sbility to rtore becse theseish at literly are t backbone c't resto beuse theye beg pressud by tse contied hatche release i do tnk that mans by ture ve an enneering pect. ey like ings to orderly they likthings toe predicble. so that's wh hatcries givpeople. e flip se of thais wild and lding yo watersh. - chinoo 152146. - [anne]ilding does ha great unrtainty it. that's h wild wos.

wild is scar but it's really portant ple in peoe's soul - [man] d you gu e how wealked when wwere walng up he walkinglong therees? we can ok back intohese twoeds here whe we knofish spa. the les are e eaest to s usually sof there'males onhere, mo than lily there gog to be female ithere. and thene'll sit the and ncentrat ause t femalesre ally harto see. ey're li transpant ha the te. shs movingp. shs right raight in beten us, y. - [mando you s the tai yep, movg up. oh yeah, she's diing righthere. - try , it's ptty deep

(water sashing) macking) typilly whate see in male is out 4,50eggs. and we'ldo the mes now. ke them parate, ep the milteparate om the es.

en aftere're don we chec themor a coled wire g. (beepi) this ithe parthat has thcoated we tag emdd in t head. and th wld have informion on t fish. - i kn some pele e going view th aseingrutal anbarbaric but th is whatt takes collectur stock athe elwhaacility. it's tool, a tool to help rover thetock. macking) when wmiss femal feel li we've failedhe fish self cause wenow thathose eg aren'going tourvive as wl as thewould at t hatchery.

we bught theggs in frothe cool. y the buets on t floor and en dividthe femas fohow ma males whave. and puthe milt in theremix it let sit for 30 secos. mix 'eagain, a then le them sit for ather 3seconds. th we weigdown 13 poun into a cket, let it din all t ovarn fluid d milt. put 'ein iodofm for anour anthen we' lay ' do till th eye. that'sffective artificl awning aa hatche. - thers been aot of efrt ov the lasseveral cades, caloging a of the genetic variation

in popations osalmon antheir coins, tro. saon have deloped an incredle amounof diverty th allows em to be particarly sucssful inhe streain ich theyere born a huge rer syste wi have hu salmon. me of th used to ruup to 10pounds the bigst riverthat had the st challging fal at they d to jumover. anthen lite coastastreams, th had mosy smalleones, even thoh it was the sa species but theyere neticall totally fferent. en in one ver wher you ve one scies of aertain se, you may ha the fl run anthe spri run of tt specie d those sh are completely difrent. they d't intert interbrd at a. - wee been scking lmon since e time odarwin.

when we rst discered how toake eggsnd take lt and mbine th, hatch sh, put themack intoreshwate we literally knenothing evotionary ology. we wld have en flying bld. we now kw that taking wd fish anexposing them to hahery envonment, breeng them,atching em, rearg them f any amount otime reay, chges the netic maup. - fi are vercomple critte that ha evolved mother ture ove thsands ofears. d there'things tt haen in haheries that don put the throh those essures that they ce o in mothenature, th makes tm so they'ra fit fi. what hpens is u create a neticallinferiorish at theatchery rough all the mesticatn, anthen tho fish go spn with fish inhe wild and at actlly can grade the getics of e fish in t wild sohey're not asit eithe - at we with fi tcheriess the samehing

as grong a chien. economicly, it makes more sense to put aazillion chicns in onplace and itroduces real inferiochicken. anyou know ifature caproduce nuer of fi in a rir, let's mp more yog fish ithere. anit's absutely wrg. 's not ireasing r nuer of wi fish. it's eveually goa tirpatall fish - lifeiversifi order to surviv and huns do thopposite simplifd in order to ke ings easr for ouelves. d by imposing simplification on a rld thatas takenillions yearto so worously dersify is a vlent actn life itsel (machi whirrin

(fish ud) - [manwhat t fish to is, ishat we te the fi that return to the tchery, so these a all theish that wereaised inhe hatchy. have th tub of sh, d i thk there'probably a uple of ndred fi in each b and th get ozen inta solid ock and we jt drop tm down a break tm up anrefreezehem so they don'stick gether nmore and prepem for a e schoolroups. ish th) (iistinct)

- [man] y guyssay od morng to shea and emy. - ll] goodorning! - talked out the ve reons why 're doing this a litt bit ago doesnybo remembe n we gethose? yeah - the ees. - the ees. at abouthe trees - treeneed theutrients - the trients,ight? - so we rtner wi the squay indianribe torovide t carcass om theiratchery ogram, which us to be consered a wte produ. they'ractual full of mari-deriv nutrien because en they leave e river stem, they'rabout yabig. en thecome bac ey're ju carryinso ch goodns from t ocean. soe teach is coept tohe studes, the chinook d steelhd in thiwatershe are threened spees, so w inire themo take aion by gting tse carcaes ck into e upper tershed, whicis actuay very nutent poor (dramac music)

(kids outing) - n i get mething? - yeah. i don't ke this. - you nt a big e or a ltle one? - is one. [woman] ay, welllet me - no, nolittle o. salmoni thinthey areery importanfor the osystem. ma anima eat the well, 14vertebraanims eat thsalmon scificay. i ke the smon tossg id, i think it a good lp. but athe same me, i dot ink it'she besidea.

the ecystem ru a specic y for a ecific rson. we can t and helthem reducinpollutio but don't ink we should dectly teract withhe salmowildli and l the wilife and t them r by theiself and ke the own adaations. (sw music) - thconversaon is, a ere any ld saln left? showe a wildalmon. show me,ou know,n abundantumber cong back ofild saon. d we jusdon't seit re in e nisquay. as much i'd ratr ve wild lmon, ouhatchery salmon arimportan to ucontinui our lture, o traditis. you ow, fous, th is our urch. this is r medici here, beg on thiriver. d i thinpeople he a hard timunderstaing that becae this iwhat ouancestordid sincthe begiing of te.

yoknow, th fished, th hunted,hey gathed, th protect what weave, and th's how wlived. and w we're 2018, our salm are depted. - the are thraceways i was lling yoabout. 300,0 in eacone. yeah, . that's lot of sh. heoing rig now, puing all the ad ones t. - [man] wee magers. native erican pple, at's whawe do anwe manag but also ha to adapt the tim. - peopleave a tendencyo get enored wi what th wish was instof what . ere's a rtain seent of t people this ar

at want blame hchery fi