(slow sic) - huns typally ado a command d controapproach

to envirmental problem lving. here's t problemwe can gineer aay arounit. technolo is greain so ma rems of hun experice, but whenou try t ply manilation ancontrol ecosysts througtechnolo, you' often scessful rly on but en probls creep later o - one ofhe thingthat our morn socie has donis industrlize allhe ling thingaround u have faories foliving tngs, and th includefish. mans belve erythings for us so if ere are anims in theorld, surelyhey are r us and suly we shld just ything wwant witthem

or tthem. and isn'that gre? welli don't ite see ithat way. fish a wild anim populatns. th're not de to, orvolved t or reallcapable being ud at theate that peoplese them. the wholmyth othe gardenf eden ia place whereverytng was gnted and everhing waseautiful d then bause human hris, were doed to a fe of to. are cerinly casng ourselveout of t garden and doomg oursels to a le ofoil throh our huis. (dmatic sic)

(bging) - thiss a kingalmon, buwe refero them as ahinook smon, ich theirore affoable nam

this bath re which hacarbon dxide, itnesthetis the fish, ockshem out. d the gu are pulng the sh out ithey're ght, and ey're chook salm. d we st the sh by inserng a neee to theirody cavi, whh forcesir in anpushes a of the gs out. and en aft th're spawd here, theyo to thether de of thtable the and we'rbiologicly mpling t fish. would you ke to toh one? (crowd groang) els kindslimy. (sw music) - leman naonal fishatchery is a migatiohatchery

we're he becausef shasta dabeing but in 194 so the ppose of leman naonal fishatchery is to mitige for e loss o bitat duto shastdam. thcreationf the da preventeabou180 mis river aess for e salmon here atoleman national fh hatche, we rai fall chook salm, te fall inook saon, and steeead. our pruction goal heres 12 milon. so we lease million anwe're trng to g a 1% rern. weould lik 0,000 fi retur 90,0 of at wou beaught inhe ocean and in rersport shery. 2000 back the hchery and en 10,00back to (indistinct why do wneed hateries? welli think,ounow, populati's goingp, ter's, y know, aoncern. and sof you stl would ke to sesalmon,

i ink you' going tneed to have tcheries fortunately. it'de nice tthink th ere woulbe enougwater d enviroent to sport salm populatns, buwithouhatcheri, i n't thinthat would a reali. - [manthis is e baker ver dam,65 feet gh, which ops millns of salmon fm returng to the spawningrounds abe the dawithout lp. so t united ates buru of fishees has spped in and sad the daby proving free ridupstream it's t only wathe salmon c be save fromashing thselves tpieces ainst e stonewk far bew. - huns have ways thght themlves superioto nure. yoknow, it got us in a lot otrouble.

- wh the eo-americans ca, they belved the tural wod was a g warehoe, sting commities th they we obliged make e of, to take. they aed spenc baird, e us fiscommissier, what cld they to ensu thathe salmoruns would on forer? baird ld 'emyou're not gog to be le to prote the habitat through gulation becae they'de unenfoeable. u're notoing to able to ptect 'emrom dams because ogress igoing to dend that ms be but. anso he sa, hat you ed to dos take up aificial opagatio" the peop that original were thfish and wildlife sentists ren't. they we agricuuralists ansince th1800s,

oufish andildlif encies he been dinated an agriltural mtality. just like farm you raisthem, u put th out, yoharvest em. that's t basis f fish an wildfe manement inhe us foages andges. - the fa is saon mu snd part their le out inhe wild. and wasn't til in t 70s at we rely started evaluating, what a we doinwhen releaseatchery sh in a strea e use ofatcherie waa promis at youould he salmon and you uld also ve the befits of deloping e river. puthat nexto the ft that 40% ofhe salmon are exnct in tir hisric rae and e rest a proteed the endgered spies act, you woulhave to y that th story dn't prott ththings tt we valu, the saon.

- wee been rying on those me runs fish, the wild fh, sin thbeginninof time. when yr healths their heth, right? you'rearriedn that w and i ink thatnion eates thsacredne. to havthat relionship wi a singlspecies iseal specl. u think out like thsioux pele d the bualo backn the da before erything s colonid, but at relatnship unrtunely was sered. if we t these ns , then ty're gon and i doot thinkhat we, people o are on ts planetow, should bokay wit lowing smon too extincon our wch. so the arage pern, wh they sea salmon

th see a smon, ty sea finish product anit's phaps at e end ofheir fisng line, perhs in a rtaurant on the plate, but ey don'tee the complety of thgs at wt into maki that saon. - salmon, think, he thmost comicated, you coulalso say wondro life hiories of, i gus, any fh. they sta life byatching fr eggs in strea and en they out the oce and wh they come back, they're much, much bigger. you' distillg the richness of the ocn and enlivening it. and th that enlivened distillation of the ocean

props itself upstream against gravity. sotimes they go well over 1,000 miles inland, where after laying eggs and creatinghe potential for a new nerationthey die. and thr carcasses feed dozens of kinds of anils, gedragged deep into the woods. e life cycle of the salmon is actlly the ansformation of the ocean into ling beings that come ashor and beco the biggest ees in the world. - ld salmo presensomethin thats really impornt tos as hum beings. yohave nate erican ctures he at have olved wi the fishor 11,00years. you ve, you ow, famili like mi,

th fish fosalmon a eat salmon a think aut salmo and en i thi becausehis is the a of humaimpact, at wherehere are wildalmo i thinit reprents our ith in mher natu, at we alwed thato happen i s born tfish. all of mearliestemories relve arou fish in some y or anoer. as a yng adulti built my wholealendar ar aroundhe skykosh sprin shery fowild stehead. and at reall came my session. i ought of hatchees as sothing

th actuallkind of helpeds as fisrmen, thathere wou be more fisin the rer anwe werallowed killhe hatchy fish, so that ant a me. i n't thini ever hadne second where thought out conservaon at al i thoughabout geing enough mey for g and piz so that could sh allhe time. what iidn't reize s that wwere reay at the tl end of long deine of wd fish. in le 2000, ey annoued th the 200season woulnot happ, that thetate was gog to clo down that sing catc d releasfishery beuse the were s few ld steelad fish that en a low pact fishing ason cou wipe ou the la of them it w really ke a gutunch. mean, i d built is ole liferound th fishery d now it gone. sohat was,n a lo of ws, a wakup call.

i stted dog some search, arted reing, started lking toeople. talkedo biologts, lked to sh manags, talked tother fiermen. and learned out the ur hs. dro, harst, bitat, a hatchers. th is sortf,ind the impts on saon and steeead peop talk abt. and so ised that as a gdeline d i stard thinki abt the skomish, d you kn, well, e bitat hadn't rlly chand overhose 10 ars, it was prey good. there s noydro, therwas no ds. the haest, as r as i cld tell, had mained ratively nstant and t we h this plmeting nber of fh. and so t one conant at i fou is at a hatery had be operati for the enre duratn the decne of wi steelhe. i thk that w what started nd of focus learninmore abo the rolehat hatcries pla

in theecline onot just shing oprtunitie but ofild fish pulationperiod. (tping) - an] the ms came downn the ela, it was t largestiver storation in hisry. we spentore than320 llion toecover wd salmon t insteaof letti them recoloni the riv natural, the way ey've evved to do f millionof years we snt $17 mlion to ild a brd new hahery. so nowe're opeting not ju one, but twhatcheri on a river th was resred fothe benet of wilsalmon. and we msed thisuge opportuny tollow theiver toeturn toeing tru wild.

- oh, 92, no mar no tag. - ho 73, no rk, no t. - thiss a teamf interns d staff. they a collectinour longerm datan salmonse ofhe elwhaearshore we thetake the data, compe them or the decade that wve been cording e informion, anlook at e evolutn of thelwha neahore as t dam remalrogresse as wilfish nowecruit in this neshore ar, we see tse large members hatchy fish our coern is tt the hatcry spies may challenng the ld speci tha artrying trecover.

th are vulrable the hatche fish, eitherhrough pdation or physil displament or competion foresources the sk is th we're aually stuntinghe river ability to rtore becse theseish at literly are t backbone c't resto beuse th're beinpressure byhese ctinued hahery relses. i do tnk that mans by ture ve an enneering pect. ey like ings to orderly they likthings toe predicble. so that's wh hatcries givpeople. thflip se of thais wild and lding yo watersh. - chinoo 152146. - [anne]ilding ds ha great unrtainty it. that's h wild wos.

wild is scar but it's really portant ple in peoe's soul - [man] d you gu e how wealked when wwere walng up he walkinglong therees? we can ok back into tse two reds here whe we knofish spa. the les are e eaest to s usually sof there'males onhere, mo than lily there gog to be female ithere. and thene'll sit the and ncentrat ause t femalesre ally harto see. ey're li transpant ha the te. shs movingp. shs right raight in betwe us, y. - [mando you s the tai yep, movg up. oh yeah, she's diing righthere. - try , it's ptty deep

(wat splashi) macking) typilly whate see in male is out 4,50eggs. and we'ldo the mes now. keephem sepate, keephe mi separe fromhe egg

en aftere're don we chec themor a coled wire g. (beepi) this ithe parthat has thcoated we tag emdd in t head. and th wld have informion on t fish. - i kn some pele e going view th aseingrutal anbarbaric but th is whatt takes collectur stock athe elwhaacility. it a tool, tool to help rover thetock. macking) when wmiss a femal feel li we've failedhe fish self cause wenow thathose eg aren'going tourvive as welas they uld at theatcher

we bught theggs in frothe cool. y the buets on t floor and en dividthe femas r how ma males whave. and puthe milt in the, mix it let sit for 30 secos. mix 'em ain, andhen le themit for ather 3seconds. th we weigdown 13 poun into a cket, let it din all t ovarn fluid d milt. put 'ein iodofm for anour anthen we' lay ' do till th eye. that'sffective artificl awning aa hatche. - thers been aot of efrt ov the lasseveral cades, caloging a of the genetic variation

in pulationsf salmon d their usins, tut. salmon have developed an incredle amounof diverty th allows em to be particarly sucssful inhe streain ich theyere born a huge rer syste wi have hu salmon. me of th used to ruup to 10pounds the bigst riverthat had the st challging fal at they d to jumover. anthen lite coasl stream theyad mostlsmalr ones, even thoh it was the sa species but theyere neticall totally fferent. even in one ver wher you ve one scies of aertain se, you may ha the falrun anthe spri run of tt specie d those sh are completely difrent. they d't intert interbrd at a. - wee been stocking lmon since e time odarwin.

when we rst discered how toake eggsnd take lt and mbine th, hatch sh, put themack intoreshwate we literally knenothing of evotionary ology. we wld have en flying blin now knothat king wd fi anexposi them to hahery envonment, breedi them, hching th, rearg them f any amount otime reay, chges the netic maup. - fi are vercomple crittershat havevolved in mothenature or ousands years. d there'things tt haen in haheries that don put the throh those essures that theface o in mothenature, th makes tm so they'ra fit fi. what hpens is u create a neticallinferiorish at theatchery rough all the mesticatn, anthen tho fish go spn withish inhe wild and at actlly can grade the getics of e fish inhe wild they're not fit eitr. - at we with fi tcheriess the sa thing

as grong a chien. onomical, it kes more sense to put aazillion chicns in onplace and itroduces real inferiochicken. anyou know ifature caproduce x number of sh in a ver, let's mp more yog fish ithere. anit's absutely wrg. 's not ireasing r nuer of wi fish. 's eventually goa tirpate l fish. - lifeiversifi order tsurviv and huns do thopposite simplifd in order to ke ings easr for ouelves. and by imposing simplification on a world th has tak millionof yes to so ndrouslyiversify is a vlent actn life itsel (machinehirring)

(fish th) - [manwhat t fish to is, ishat we te the fi that return to the tchery, these a all theish that wereaised inhe hatchy. we have is tub ofish, d i thk there'probably a uple of ndred fi in each b and th get ozen inta solid ock and we jt drop tm down a break tm up anrefreezehem so ty don't stk togeth no more and prepem for a e schoolroups. ish th) (indtinct)

- [man] y guyssay od morninto shea and emy. - ll] goodorning! we talkeabout thfive reons why 're doing this a litt bit ago does abodyemember? n we gethose? yeah - thtrees. - thtrees. at abouthe trees - treeneed theutrients - e nutries, right so we rtner wi the squallindian tbe providehe carcaes from the hatcherprogram, which us to be consered a was produ. they'ractual full of mari-derivedutrients because en they leave e river stem, they'rabout yabig. en thecome bac ey're ju carryinso ch goodns from t ocean. soe teach is coept tohe stude the chinooand steeead in ts watersd are threened spees, so w inire themo take aion by gting tse carcaes ck into e upper tershed, whicis actuay very nutent poor (dramac music)

(kids outing - n i get mething? - yeah. i don't ke this. - yowant a b e or a ltle one? this one [woman] ay, welllet me - no, nolittle o. salmoni thinthey areery importanfor the osystem. ny anima eat the well, 8 vertebe animals eat e salmonpecificay. i ke the smon tossg id, i think it a good lp. but at t same ti, i dot ink it'she besidea.

the ecystem ru a specic y for a ecific rson. we can t and helthem reducinpollutio but don't ink we should dectly teract withhe salmowildli and l the wilife and t them r by theiself and ke theirwn adaptions. (sw music) - thconversaon is, a ere any ld saln left? showe a wildalmon. show me,ou know,n abundantumber cong back ofild saon. d we jusdon't seit re in e nisquay. as mucas i'd rher have wilsalmon, ouhatchery salmon arimportant to ucontinui our lture, o traditis. you kn, fous, th is our urch. this is r medici here, beg on thiriver. d i thinpeople he a hard timunderstaing that becae this iwhat ouancestordid sincthe begiing of te.

yoknow, th fished, th hunted,hey gathed, theyrotectedhat we he, and that how we ved. and w we're 2018, our salm are depted. - the are thraceways i was lling yoabout. 300,0 in eh one. yeah, . that's lot of sh. he's gng rightow, pullg l the de ones ou - [man] wee magers. asative amican peoe, th's what do and manage, but also ha to adapt the tim. - peopleave a tendencyo get enored wi what th wish was instd what is there's certain gment ofhe peoplin this ea at want blame hchery fi