(slow sic) - huns typally ado a commanand contl approa

to envirmental problem lving. here's t problemwe can gineer aay arounit. chnologys greain so ma rems of hun experice, but whenou try t ply manilation ancontrol ecosysts througtechnolo, you'reften sucssful eay on but en probls creep later o - one ofhe thingthat our morn socie has donis industrlize allhe ling thingaround u have faories foliving tngs, and that includefish. mans belve erythings for us so if the are animalin the wld, surelyhey are r us and suly we shld just ything wwant witthem

or tthem. and isn'that gre? welli don't ite see ithat way. fish areild animalopulatio. th're not de to, orvolved t or reallcapable being ud at theate that peoplese them. the whole th of e rden of en is a ace whe everhing wasranted and evything w beautif. d then bause human hris, were doed to a fe of to. are cerinly casng ourselveout of t garden and doomg oursels to a le ofoil throh our huis. (dmatic sic)

(bging) - this ia king smon, buwe refero them as ahinook smon, ich isheirore affordle name.

this bath re which hacarbon dxide, itnesthetis the fish, ockshem out. d the gu are pulng the sh out ithey're ght, and ey're chook salm. d we st the sh by inserng a neee to theirody cavi, whh forcesir in d pushesll of theggs out anthen aft th're spawd here, they gto the oer si of the ble ther and wee biologally samplinghe fish. would you ke to toh one? (crowd groang) els kindslimy. low musi - coman natial fish tchery is a mitigation tchery.

we'rhere becse of shta dam being but in 12. so the ppose of leman naonal fishatchery is to mitige for e loss o bitat duto shastdam. thcreationf the da preventeabou180 mile river aess for e salmon here atoleman national fh hatche, we rai fall chook salm, te fall inook saon, and steeead. our pruction goal heres 12 milon. so we leas12 milli anwe're trng toet a 1% turn. weould lik 0,000 fi retur 90,0 of at wou beaught inhe ocean and in rersport shery. 2000 bacto the hchery and en 10,00back to (indistinct why do wneed hateries? welli think,ounow, populati's goingp, water's,ou know, concern and sof you stl would ke to sesalmon,

i ink you' going tneed to havhatcheri unfortunely. it'dnice to ink that the would enough ter d enviroent to sport salm populatns, buwithouhatcheri, i n't thk that woulbe a reaty. - [manthis is e baker ver dam,65 feet gh, which ops millns of salmon fm returng to the spawningrounds abe the dawithout lp. so t united ates buru of fishees has spped in and sad the daby proving free ridupstream it's t only wathe salmon c be save fr dashing thselves tpieces ainst thstoneworfar belo - huns have ways thout themsees superioto nure. yoknow, it got us in a lot otrouble.

- wh the eo-americans ca, they bieved thnatural rld was big wareuse, sting commities that they we obliged to make e of, to take. they aed spenc baird, e us fiscommissier, what cld they to ensu thathe salmoruns would on forer? baird ld 'emyou're not gog to be le to prote the habitat through gulation becae they'de unenfoeable. u're notoing to able to ptect 'emrom dams because ogress igoing to dend that ms be but. anso he id, "what yoneed to is take uprtificiapropagatn." the peop that original were thfish and wildlife sentists ren't. they we agricuuralists ansince th1800s,

oufish andildlif encies he been dinated by an agculturalentality just like fa, you rae them, you put em out, u harvesthem. that's t basis f fish an wildfe manement inhe us foages andges. - the fa is saon mustnd part their le out inhe wild. and wasn't til in t 70s at we rely stard evaluating, what a we doinwhen releaseatchery sh in a strea thuse of hcheries was promise at y could he salmon and you uld also ve the befits of deloping e river. t that nt to theact that 40% the saln are exnct in tir hisric rae and e rest a proteed the endgered spies act, you woulhave to y that th story dn't prott ththings tt we valu, the saon.

- wee been rying on those me runs fish, the wild fh, sin thbeginninof time. when yr healths their hethright? you'rearriedn that w and i ink thatnion eates thsacredne. to havthat relionship wi a singlspecies iseal specl. u think out like thsioux pele d the bualo backn the da before erything s colonid, t at relatnship unrtunately was severe if we t these ns , then ty're gon and i doot thinkhat we, people o are on ts planetow, should bokay wit lowing smon too extincon our wch. so the arage pern, wh they sea salmon

th see a smon, ty sea finish product anit's phaps at e end ofheir fisng line, perhs in a rtaurant on the plate, but ey don'tee the complety of thgs at wt into maki that saon. - salmon, think, he thmost comicated, you coulalso say wondro life hiories of, i gus, any fh. they sta life byatching fr eggs in strea and en they out the oce and when they come back, they're much, much bigger. you' distillg the richness of the ocn and enlivening it. and th that enlivened distillation of the ocean

propels itself upstream against gravity. sotimes they go well over 1,000 miles inland, where after laying eggs and creatinghe potential for a new nerationthey die. and thr carcasses feed dozens of kinds of amals, gedragged deep into the woods. e life cycle of the salmon is actlly the ansformation of the ocean into ling beings that come ashor and beco the biggest trs in the world. - ld salmo present methin thats really impornt tos as hum beings. yohave nate erican ctures he at have olved wi the fishor 11,00years. you ve, you ow, famili like mi,

th fish fosalmon a eat salmon a think aut salmo and en i thi becausehis is the a of humaimpact, at wherehere are wildalmo i thinit reprents our ith in mher natu, at we alwed thato happen. i s born tfish. all of mearliestemories relve arou fish in some y or anoer. as a yng adulti built my who calendayear aroundhe skykosh sprin shery fowild stehead. and at reall came my session.

i ought of hatchees as sothing th actuallkind of helpeds as fisrmen, thathere wou be more fisin the rer anwe werallowed killhe hatchy fish, so that ant a me. don't thk i ever h one secd wheri thoughabout consertion at l. i thoughabout geing enough mey for g and piz so that could sh allhe time. what iidn't reize s that wwere reay at the tl end of long deine of wd fish. in le 2000, ey annoued th the 200season woulnot happ, that thetate was gog to clo down that sing catc d releasfishery beuse the were s few ld steelad fish that en a low pact fishing ason cou wipe ou the la of them it was rlly like gut pun. mean, i d built is whole li arounthis fisry d now it gone. sohat wa in a lo of ws, a wakup call.

i stted dog some search, arted reing, started lking toeople. talkedo biologts, lked to sh manags, talked tother fiermen. and learned out the ur hs. dro, harst, bitat, a hatchers. th is sortf, kd ofhe impac on salm and steelhd peoplealk abou and so ised th as a guiline d i stard thinki abt the skomish, d you kn, well, e bitat hadn't rlly chand overhose 10 ars, it was prey good. there s noydro, therwas no ds. the haest, as r as i cld tell, had mained ratively nstant and t we h this plmeting nber of fh. and sohe one cstant that i fnd is th a hatchy had beenperatingor the enti duratio the decne of wi steelhe. i thk that w what started nd of myocus learninmore abo the rolehat hatcries pla

in theecline onot just shing oprtunitie but ofild fish pulationperiod. (tping) - an] the ms came downn the ela, it was t largestiver storation in hisry. we spentore than320 llion toecover wd salmon t insteaof letti them recoloni the riv natural, the way ey've evved to do f millionof years we snt $17 mlion to bud a brd new hahery. so nowe're opeting not ju one, t two haheries oa rir that w restore fothe benet of wilsalmon. and we msed thisuge opportunto allowhe river to return being tly wild.

- oh, 92, no mar no tag. - ho 73, nmark, noag. - thiss a teamf interns d staff. theyre collectg our longerm datan salmonse of t elwha nrshore. we thetake the data, compe them or the decade that wve been cording e informion, anlook at e evolutn of thelwha neahore ashe dam rovalrogresse as wilfish nowecruit in this neshore ar, we see tse large members hatchery fish our coern is tt the hatche specs may behallengi the ld speci tha artrying trecover.

th are vulrable to theshatcheryish, eitherhrough pdation or physil displament or competion foresources the ri is thate're actlly unting t river'sbility to rtore becse theseish at literly are t backbone c't resto beuse theye beg pressud byhese connued hatcry releas. i do thi that huns by nare ha an engiering asct. ey like ings to orderly they likthings toe predicble. so that's wh hatcries givpeople. e flip se of thais wild and lding yo watersh. - chinoo 152146. - [anne]ilding ds have eat unceainty tot. that's h wild wos.

wild is scar but it's really portant ple in peoe's soul - [man] d you gu e how wealked when wwere walng up he walkinglong therees? we can ok back into tse two reds here wherwe know sh spawn the mas are th easiest to s usually sof there'males onhere, mo than lily there gog to be female ithere. and thene'll sit the and ncentrat ause t femalesre ally harto see. ey're li transpant ha the te. shs movingp. shs right raight in beten us, y. - [mando you s the tai yep, movg up. oh yeah, she's diing righthere. - try , it's ptty deep

(waterplashing macking) typilly whate see in male is out 4,50eggs. and we'ldo the mes now. keephem sepate, keephe mi sepate from the egg

th after wre done,e check them f a color wire ta (beepi) this ithe parthat has thcoated we tag emdd in t head. and th wld have informion on t fish. - i kn some pele e going view th aseingrutal anbarbaric but th is whatt takes collectur stock athe elwhaacility. it a tool, tool to help rover thetock. macking) when wmiss a femal feel li we've failedhe fish self cause wenow thathose eg aren'going tourvive as wl as thewould athe hatchy.

we bught theggs in frothe cool. y the buets on t floor and en dividthe femas fohow ma males whave. and puthe milt in the, mix it let sit for 30 secos. mix 'em ain, and then le them sit for ather 3seconds. th we weigdown 13 poun into a cket, let it din all t ovarn fluid d milt. put 'ein iodofm for anour anthen we' lay ' do till th eye. that'sffective artificl awning aa hatche. - thers been aot of efrt ov the lasseveral cades, caloging a of the genetic variation

in populions of lmon and eir couss, trout. salmon have developed an incredle amount of diversity th allows em to be particarly successful inhe streain ich theyere born a huge rer syste wi have hu salmon. me of th used to ruup to 10pounds the bigst riverthat had the st challging fal thathey had jump er. and th littlcoastal reams, theyad mostlsmalleones, even thoh it was the sa species but theyere getically tally dierent. even in one ver wher you ve one scies of aertain se, you may ha the fl run anthe spri run of tt specie d those sh are completely dferent. they d't intert interbrd at a. - wee been scking lmon since e time of darwin

when we rst discered how toake eggsnd take lt and mbine th, hatch sh, put themack intoreshwate we literly knenothing evotionary ology. we wld have en flying blin now knothat king wd fi anexposi them to hahery envonment, breeng them,atching em, rearg them f any amount otime reay, chges the netic maup. - fi are vercomple crittershat ha evolved in mothenature or ousands years. d there'things tt haen in haheries that don put the throh those essures that theface o in mothenature, th makes tm so they'ra fit fi. what hpens is u create a neticallinferiorish at theatchery rough all the mesticatn, anthen tho fish go spn withish inhe wild and that actlly can grade the getics of e fish inhe wild they're not fit eitr. what we with fi tcheriess the sa thing

as grong a chien. economicly, it makes mo sense to put aazillion chicns in onplace and itroduces real inferiochicken. anyou know ifature caproduce number of fi in a rir, let's mp more yog fish ithere. anit's absutely wrg. 's not ireasing r nuer of wi fish. it's eveually goa tirpate l fish - lifeiversifi order tsurviv and huns do thopposite simplifd in order to ke ings easr for ouelves. and by iosing silification on a world th has tak millionof yes to so ndrouslyiversify is a vlent actn life itsel (machinehirring)

(fish thud) - [manwhat t fish to is, ishat we te the fi that return to the tchery, sohese arell the fh that were rsed in t hatcher have th tub of sh, d i ink thers probab couple ohundred sh in each b and th get ozen inta solid ock and we jt drop tm downnd breakhem up anrefreezehem so they don'stick gether nmore and prepem for a e schoolroups. ish th) (iistinct)

- [man] hey guyssay od morng to shea and emy. - ll] goodorning! we talkeabout thfive reons why 're doing this a littleit ago. doesnybo remembe n we get those? yeah - the ees. - the ees. what abo the tre? - treeneed theutrients - the trients,ight? - so we rtner wi the squallindian tbe torovide t carcass om theiratchery ogram, which us to be consered a wte produ. they'ractuly full mari-deriv nutrien because en they leave e river stem, they'rabout yabig. en thecome bac ey're ju carryinso ch goodns from t ocean. soe teach is coept tohe studes, the chinooand steeead in ts watersd e threened spees, so w inire themo take aion by gting tse carcasses back intthe uppewatershe whh is actlly very nrient po. (dramac music)

(kids outing) - n i get mething? - yeah. i don't ke this. - you nt a big e or a ltle one? - is one. [woman] ay, welllet me - no, nolittle o. salmoni thinthey areery importanfor the osystem. ny anima eat the well, 14vertebraanims eat thsalmon scificay. like thealmon toing ea, i think it a good lp. but at t same me, i dot ink it'she besidea.

the ecystem ru a specic y for a ecific rson. we can t and helthem reducinpollutio but don'think we shouldirectly teract withhe salmowildli and l the wilife and t them r by theiself and ke the own adaations. (sw music) - thconversaon is, a ere any ld saln left? showe a wildalmon. show me,ou know,n abundantumber cong back ofild saon. d we jusdon't seit re in e nisquay. as mucas i'd rher have wilsalmon, ouhatchery salmon arimportan to ucontinui our lture, o traditis. you ow, fous, th is our urch. this is r medici here, beg on thiriver. d i thinpeople he a hard timunderstaing that becae this iwhat ouancestordid sincthe begiing of te.

yoknow, th fished, th hunted,hey gathed, th protect what weave, and th's how wlived. and w we're 2018, our salm are depted. - the are thraceways i was lling yoabout. 300,0 in eh one. yeah, . that's lot of sh. he's gng rightow, pullg l the de ones ou - [man] 're magers. native erican pple, at's whawe do anwe manag but also ha to adapt the tim. - peopleave a tendencyo get enored wi what th wish was instd of what . ere's a rtain seent of t people this ar