(slow sic) - huns typally ado a command d contl approa

tonvironmeal prlem solvg. here's t problemwe can gineer aay arounit. technolo is greain so ma rems of hun experice, but whenou try t ply manilation ancontrol ecosysts througtechnolo, you're often scessful rly on but en probls creep later o - one ofhe thingthat our morn socie has donis industrlize allhe ling thingaround u have faories foliving tngs, and th includefish. mans belve erythings for us so if ere are anims in theorld, surelyhey are r us and suly we shld just ything wwant witthem

or tthem. and isn'that gre? welli don't ite see ithat way. fish a wild anim populatns. th're not de to, orvolved t or reallcapable being ud at theate that peoplese them. e whole th of e garden oeden is place whe everhing wasranted and evything w beautif. d then bause human hris, were doed to a fe of to. are cerinly casng ourselveout of t garden and doomg oursels to a le ofoil throh our huis. (dmatic sic)

(bging) - this ia king smon, buwe refero them as ahinook smon, ich isheirore affoable nam

this bath re which hacarbon dxide, itnesthetis the fish, ockshem out. d the gu are pulng the sh out ithey're ght, and ey're chook salm. d we st the sh inserting a neee to the body caty, h forcesir in d pushesll of theggs out anthen aft th're spawd here, they gto the oer si of the ble ther d we're ological saling t fish. would you ke to toh one? (crowd groang) els kindslimy. low musi - coman natial fish tchery is a mitigation tchery.

we'rhere becse of shta dam being but in 12. so the ppose of leman naonal fishatchery is to mitige fothe lossf habitat e to shaa dam. thcreationf the da preventeabou180 mis river aess for e salmon here atoleman national fh hatche, we rai fall chook salm, te fall inook saon, d steelhd. our oductionoal heres 12 milon. so we rease million anwe're trng toet a 1% turn. weould lik 0,000 fi retur 90,0 of at wou beaught inhe ocean and iniversporfishery. 2000 bacto the hchery and en 10,00back to (indistinct why do wneed hateries? welli think,ounow, populati's goingp, ter's, y know, aoncern. and sof you stl would ke to sesalmon,

i ink you' going tneed to havhatcheri unfortunely. it'dnice to ink that the would enough ter d enviroent to sport salm populatns, buwithouhatcheri, i n't thk that woulbe a reaty. - [manthis is e baker ver dam,65 feet gh, which ops millns of salmon fm returng to the spawningrounds abe the dawithout lp. sohe unitestates beau of fisries hastepped i and sad the daby proving free ridupstream it's t only wathe salmon c be save fromashing themlves to eces ainst thstoneworfar belo - huns have ways thght themlves superiotoature. yoknow, it got us in a lot otrouble.

- wh theuro-amerans came they belved the tural wod was a g warehoe, sting commities that they we obliged to make e of, take. they aed spenc baird, e us fiscommissier, what cld they to ensu thathe salmoruns would on forer? baird ld 'emyou're not gog to be le to prote the habitat through gulation becae they'de unenrceable. u're notoing to able to ptect 'emrom dams because ogress igoing to dend that ms be but. and so he sa, hat you ed to dos take up aificial opagatio" the peop that original were thfish and wildlife sentists ren't. they we agricuuralists ansince th1800s,

oufish andildlif encies he been dinated an agriltural mtality. ju like fa, you rae them, you put em out, u harvesthem. that's t basis f fish an wildfe manement inhe us for es and as. - the fa is salmon st spend pt their le out inhe wild. and wasn't til in t 70s at we rely started evaluating, what a we doinwhen releaseatchery sh in a strea e use ofatcherie waa promis at youould he salmon and you uld also ve the befits of deloping e river. puthat nexto the ft that 40% ofhe salmoare extinct in tir hisric rae and e rest a proteed the endgered spies act, you woulhave to y that th story dn't prott ththings tt we valuedthe salm.

- wee been rying on those me runof fish, the wild fh, sin thbeginninof time. when yr healths their hethright? you'rearriedn that w and i ink thatnion eates thsacredne. to havthat relionship wi a singlspecies iseal specl. yothink abt like the oux peop d the bualo backn the da before erything s colonid, t that relatnship unrtunely was sered. if we t these ns , then ty're gon and i doot thinkhat we, people o are on ts planetow, should bokay wit lowing smon too extincon our wch. so the arage pern, wh they sea salmon

th see a smon, ty sea finish product anit's phaps at e end ofheir fisng line, perhs in a rtaurant on the plate, but ey don'tee the complety of thgs at wt into maki that saon. - salmon, think, he thmost comicated, u could so say wondrousife histies of, i gus, any fh. they sta life byatching fr eggs in strea and en they out the oce and wh they come back, they're much, much bigger. you' distillg the richness of the ocn and enlivening it. and th that enlivened distillation of the ocean

propels itself upstream against gravity. sotimes they go well over 1,000 miles inland, where after laying eggs and creatinghe potential for a new nerationthey die. and thr carcasses feed dozens of kinds of anils, gedragged deep into the woods. e life cycle of the salmon is actlly the ansformation of the ocean into ling beings that come ashor and beco the biggest trs in the world. - ld salmo presensomethin thats really impornt tos as hum beings. yohave nate erican ctures he that havevolved th the fi for 11,0 years. you ve, you ow, famili like mi,

th fish fosalmon a eat salmon a think aut salmo and en i thi becausehis is the a of humaimpact, at wherehere are wildalmo i thinit reprents our ith in mher natu, at we alwed thato happen. i s born tfish. all of mearliestemories relve arou fish in some y or anoer. as a yng adulti built my wholealendar ar aroundhe skykosh sprin shery fowild stehead. and at reall came my session. i ought of hatchees as sothing

th actuallkind of helpeds as fisrmen, thathere wou be more fisin the rer anwe werallowed killhe hatchy fish, so that ant a me. i n't thini ever hadne secon where thought out conservaon at al i thoughabout geing enough mey for g and piz so that could sh allhe time. what iidn't reize s that wwere reay at the tl end of long deine of wd fish. in le 2000, ey annoued th the 200season woulnot happ, that thetate was gog to clo down that sing catc d releasfishery beuse the were s few ld steelad fish that en a low pact fishing ason cou wipe ou the la of them it w really ke a gutunch. i mean, had builthis whole li around is fishe d now it gone. so that was,n a lot of way a wake call.

i stted dog some search, arted reing, started lking toeople. talkedo biologts, lked to sh manags, talked tother fiermen. and learned out the ur hs. dro, harst, bitat, a hatchers. th is sortf, kd ofhe impac on salm and steeead peop talk abt. and so ised that as a gdeline d i stard thinki abt the skomish, d you kn, well, e bitat hadn't rlly chand overhose 10 ars, it was prey good. there s noydro, therwas no ds. the haest, as r as i cld tell, had mained ratively nstant and t we hadhis plumting numr of fis and so t one conant at i fou is at a hatery had be operati for the enre duratn the decne of wi steelhe. i thk that w what started nd of myocus learninmore abo the rolehat hatcries pla

in theecline onot just shing oprtunitie but ofild fish pulationperiod. (tping) - an] the ms came downn the ela, it was t largestiver storation in htory. we spentore than320 llion toecover wd salmon t insteaof letti them recoloni the riv natural, the way ey've evved to do forillions years, we snt $17 mlion to bud a brannew hatcry. so nowe're opeting not ju one, but twhatcheri on a river th was resred fothe benet of wilsalmon. and we msed thisuge opportuny to aow the river to return being tly wild.

- oh, 92, no mar no tag. - ho 73, nmark, noag. - thiss a teamf interns d staff. they a collectinour longerm datan salmonse of t elwha nrshore. we thetake the data, compe them or the cade that wve been cording e informion, anlook at e evolutn of thelwha neahore ashe dam roval progress. as wilfish nowecruit in this neshore ar, we see tse large mbers hatchery fish our coern is tt the hatche specs may behallengi the ld speci tha artrying trecover.

th are vulrable to theshatcheryish, eitherhrough pdation or physil displament or competion foresources the sk is th we're aually stuntinghe river ability to rtore becse theseish at literly are t backbone c't resto beuse theye beg pressud byhese connued hatcry releas. i do thi that huns by nare ha an engiering asct. ey like ings to orderly they likthings toe predicble. so that's wh hatcries givpeople. e flip se of tt is wil anwilding ur watered. - chinoo 152146. - [anne]ilding does ha great unrtainty it. that's h wild wos.

wild is scar but it's really portant ple in peoe's soul - [man] d you gu e how wealked when wwere walng up he walkinglong therees? we can ok back into tse two reds here whe we knofish spa. the les are e eaest to s usually sof there'males onhere, mo than lily there gog to be female ithere. and thene'll sit the and ncentrat ause t femalesre ally harto see. ey're li transpant ha the te. shs movingp. shs right raight betwe us, y. - [mando you s the tai yep, movg up. oh yeah, she's diing righthere. - try , it's ptty deep

(water sashing) macking) typicay what wsee in a male is out 4,50eggs. and we'ldo the mes now. keephem sepate, keephe mi sepate fromhe egg

en aftere're don we chec themor a coled wire g. (beepi) this ithe parthat has thcoated we tag emdd in t head. and th wld have informion on t fish. - i kn some pele e going view th aseingrutal anbarbaric but is is wh it take to colle our sto athe elwhaacility. it's tool, aool to help recer the sck. macking) when wmiss femal feel li we've failedhe fish self cause wenow thathose eg aren't ing tourvive as welas they uld at t hatchery.

we bught theggs in frothe cool. y the buets on t floor and en dividthe femas fohow ma males whave. and puthe milt in the, mix it let sit for 30 secos. mix 'em ain, andhen le themit for ather 3seconds. th we weigdown 13 poun into a cket, let it din all t ovarn fluid d milt. put 'ein iodofm for anour anthen we' lay ' do till th eye. that's eectivelyrtificia spning at hatchery - thers been aot of efrt ov the lasseveral cades, caloging a of the genetic variation

in pulationsf salmon d their usins, tut. salmon have developed an incredle amount of diversity th allows em to be particarly successful inhe streain ich theyere born a huge rer syste wi have hu salmon. so of themsed to run to 10pounds the bigst riverthat had the st challging fal at they d to jumover. anthen lite coastastreams, th had mosy smalr ones, even thoh it was the sa species but theyere neticall totally fferent. even in one ver wher you ve one scies of aertain se, you may ha the falrun anthe spri run of tt specie d those sh are completely dferent. they d't intert interbrd at a. - wee been stocking lmon since e time of darwin

when we rst discered how toake eggsnd take lt and mbine th, hatch sh, put themack intoreshwate we literly knenothing of evotionary ology. we wld have en flying blin we now kw that taking wd fi anexposi them to hahery envonment, breeng them,atching em, rearg them f any amount otime reay, chges the netic maup. - fi are vercomple crittershat havevolved mother ture ove thsands ofears. d there'things tt haen in haheries that don put the throh those essures that theface o in mothenature, th makes tm so they'ra fit fi. what hpens is u create a neticallinferiorish at theatchery rough all the mesticatn, anthen tho fish go spn with fish inhe wild and that actlly can grade the getics of e fish in t wild sohey're not asit eithe what we with fi tcheriess the sa thing

as grong a chien. economicly, it makes mo sense to put aazillion chicns in onplace and itroduces real inferiochicken. anyou know ifature caproduce nuer of fi in a rir, let's mp more yog fish ithere. anit's absutely wrg. 's not ireasing r nuer of wi fish. 's eventlly gonn exrpate alfish. - li diversies in ordero surviv and huns do thopposite simplifd in order to ke ings easr for ouelves. and imposing mplificationn a worl that h taken mlions of years so wondusly divsify is a vlent a on life ielf. (machinehirring)

(fish ud) - [manwhat t fish to is, that weake the sh that retued to thhatchery these a all theish that wereaised inhe hatchy. have th tub of sh, d i ink thers probab couple ohundred sh in each b and th get ozen inta solid ock d we jusdrop the downnd breakhem up anrefree them so they dot stick gether nmore and prepem for a e schoolroups. ish th) (iistinct)

- [man] hey guyssay od morninto sheiland emil - ll] goodorning! we talkeabout thfive reons why 're doing this a littleit ago. does abodyemember? n we gethose? yeah - thtrees. - thtrees. at abouthe trees - treeneed theutrients - thnutrient right? so we rtner wi the squay indianribe torovide t carcass om theiratchery ogram, which us to be consered a wte produ. they'ractual full of mari-derivedutrients because en they leave e river stem, they'rabout yabig. en thecome bac ey're ju carryinso ch goodns from t ocean. soe teach is coept tohe stude the chinook d steelhd in thiwatershe are threened spees, so w inire themo take aion by gting tse carcaes ck into e upper tershed, whh is actlly very nrient po. (dramac music)

(kidshouting - n i get mething? - yeah. i don't ke this. - yowant a b one or aittle on - th one. [woman] ay, welllet - - no, nolittle o. salmoni think ey are vy portant r the ecystem. ny anima eat tm. well, 8 vertebe anims eat thsalmon scificay. like thealmon toing ea, i think it's good he. but at t same me, i dot ink it'she besidea.

the osystem ns a spefic way for specificeason. we can t and helthem reducinpollutio but don'think we shouldirectly teract withhe saln wildli and l the wilife and t them r by theiself and ke theirwn adaptions. (sw music) - the nversati is, are the anwild saln left? showe a wildalmon. ow me, y know, a undant nber comi back ofild salm. anwe just don't seit re in e nisquay. as much i'd ratr ve wild lmon, ouhatchery salmon arimportant to ucontinui our lture, o traditis. you kn, fous, th is our urch. this is r medici here, beg on thiriver. d i thinpeople he a hard timunderstaing that becae this iwhat ouancestordid sincthe begiing of te.

yoknow, th fished, th hunted,hey gathed, theyrotectedhat we he, and that how we ved. and w we're 2018, our salm are depted. - the are thraceways i was lling yoabout. 300,0 in eacone. yeah, . that's lot of sh. he'soing rig now, puing all the ad ones t. - [man] 're magers. native erican pple, at's whawe do anwe manag buwe also ve to adapto the tes. - peopleave a tendencyo get enored wi what th wish was instof what . ere's a rtain seent of t people this ar at want blame hchery fi