(slow sic) - huns typally ado a commanand corol apprch

environntal oblem soing. here's t problemwe c engineer way arod it. technolo is greain so ma rems of hun experice, but wh you tryo apply mapulation and ntrol ofcosystem through chnology you'reften sucssful eay on but th problem creep inater on. - one ofhe thingthat our morn socie has donis industrlize allhe ling thingaround u have faories foliving tngs, d that iludes fi. mans belve erythings for us if therare animals the wor, surely ty are fous and sure we shou just do anhing we nt with em

or to em. d isn't at great welli don't ite see ithat way. sh are wd animalopulatio. th're not de to, orvolved t or rlly capae of bei used at the re that people u them. the whe myth othe gardenf eden ia place whereverhing wasranted and evything w beautif. d then bause human hris, weere doom to a li of toil are cerinly casng ourselveout of t garden and doomg oursels to a le ofoil throh our huis. (dratic muc)

(banng) - this ia king smon, but weefer to em as a chiok salmo ich isheirore affordle name.

this bath re which hacarbon dxide, itnesthetis the fish, ocks tm out. d the gu are pulng the sh out ithey're ght, and ey're chook salm. d we st the sh inserti a neee to the body caty, which rces airn and push all of e eggs o. and th after they'rspawned re, th go to t other side of e table ere and wee biologally sampli the fis would you ke to toh one? (crowd groing) els kindslimy. (sw music) - colemanationalish hatcry is mitigatiohatchery

we're he becausef shasta dabeing but in 194 so the ppose of leman naonal fishatchery is to mitige for thloss of hatat due shasta m. thcreationf the da preventeabout 0 miles ofiver accs for thsalmon. so he at colan naal fish tchery, we rse fall inook saon, late falchinook lmon, ansteelhea our pruction goal heres 12 milon. so we lease million anwe're trng toet a 1% turn. weould lik 0,000 fi return. 90,0 of at wou beaught inhe ocean and iniversporfishery. 90,0 of at wou ,000 bacto the hcheryn and th 10,000 ck to (indistinct why do wneed hateries? welli think,ounow, pulati's goingp, wates, you kw, a conrn. anso if yostill wod like tsee salm,

think yore goingo ne have haheries unrtunately. it'd be niceo think at there wod be enoh water and envinment toupport saon populions, but witht hatchees, i n't thk that woulbe a reaty. - [man] is is thbaker rir dam, 2 feet hi, whh stops llions o salm from rerning to the spawningrounds abe the dawithout lp. sohe unitestates beau of fisries hastepped i and sad the daby proving free ridupstream it's t only wathe salmon c be save fromashing themlves to eces ainst thstoneworfar belo - huns have ways thout themsees as supior to natur you kn, it's g us into a l of troue.

- wh the eo-amerans came they belved the tural wod was a g warehoe, storg commodies that they we obliged make e of, take. they aed spenc baird, e us fiscommissier, what cou they doo ensure thathe salmoruns would on forer? baird ld 'em, u're not gointo be ab protecthe habitat through gulation becae they'de unenfoeable. yore not gng to able to ptect 'emrom dams because ogress igoing to dend that ms be but. and so he sa, "what yoneed to is take uprtificiapropagatn." the peop that original were thfish and wildlife scitists wen't. they we agricuuralts. d since e 1800s,

our fish andildlife agcies havbeen domated by an agculturalentality ju like fa, you rae them, you put em out, u harvesthem. that's t basis f fish an wildfe manement inhe us foages andges. - the fa is saon mu spend pt their le out inhe wild. and wasn't til in t 70s at we rely started evaluating, what a we doinwhen releaseatchery sh into a seam? e use ofatcherie waa promis at y could he salmon and yocould al have theenefits of deloping e river. puthat nexto the ft that 40% ofhe salmon are exnct in tir historic rang and e rest a proteed byhe endanred specs act, u would ve to sathat thattory didt protec the thgs that valued, e salmon

- wee been rying on those me runs fish, the wild fh, since the beginninof time. when yr healths their hethright? you'rearried ithat way and i thk that uon crtes the credness to havthat relionship with single ecies is rl specia you thk about ke the sioupeople d the bualo backn the da fore evething wacolonize t that relatnship unrtunely was sered. if we t these ns , then ty're gon d i do n think tt we, aseople whare on thiplanet n, should bokay wit lowing smon to gextinct our wat. - the avege perso whenhey sea salmon

theyee a saln, they see a nished pduct. and it'serhaps athe end their fhing lin peaps in aestauran on tir plate buthey don see the compxity of ings at wt into maki that saon. - saon, i thk, have the mo compliced, u could so say wondrousife histies , i gues any fis they sta life byatching fr eggs in stream. and th they go out to the ocean and when they come back, they're much, much bigger. you' distillg the richness of the ocean and enlivening it. and en that lived stillation of the ocean

propelitself upstream against gravity. sotimes they go well over 1,000 miles inland, where after layi eggs and creatinghe potential for a new geration, ey die. and thr carcasses feed dozens of kinds of amals, get dragged deep into thwoods. thlife cycle of the salmon is actlly the transformation of the ocean intliving beings that come aore and come the biggest trees in the world. - ld salmo present methin that ireally importa to uas humaneings. you ve nativ amican culres here at have olved wi the fishor 11,00years. you ve, you ow, famili like mi,

thatish for lmon andat lmon andhink abo salmon. and then i thi becausehis is the a of humaimpact, th where tre arwild saln, i think represes our fah in motr nature at we alwed thato happ. i s born tfish. all of mearliestemories relve arou fish in some y or anoer. as a yng adulti built my wholealendar ar arnd the skomish sing fisherfor wildteelhead and at reall came my sessn.

i ought of hatcries as mething thatctually nd of helped uas fisheen, that tre woulde re fish the riv and were lowed to kill t hatcherfish, so that ant a me. i n't thini ever hadne secon wheri thoughabout consertion at l. thought out gettg ough mon for gasnd pizza so that could fi all t time. what i dn't reale wathat we re reall at the tl end of long deine of wd fish. in le 2000, ey annoued th the 200season woulnot happ, that thetate was gog to clo down that sing catc d releasfishery becae therwere s few ld steelad fish that en a low pact fishing ason cou wipe ou the lastf them. it was rlly like gut pun. i me, i had ilt this whollife arod this fhery annow it'sone. so that was,n a lot of way a wake call.

i stted doinsome rearch, stted readg, arted taing to pple. talked tbiologis, taed to fi manager lked to her fishmen. and learned out the ur hs. dro, harst, bitat, a hatchers. th is sort kind of the iacts on lmon and steelhd peoplealk abou d so i ud th as a guiline and i stted thinng out the ykomish, anyou knowwell, th hatat hadn'teally chged overhose 10 ars, it was ptty good there s no hydro, there wano dams. the haest, as r as i cld tell, had mained ratively nstant and t we hadhis plumting numr of fis and sohe one cstant that i fnd is that a hchery ha en operang for the tire durion ofhe decli of wildteelhead i ink thatas what startekind of focus onearning re abouthe role tt hatchees play

in the dline of t just fiing oppounities, but of wd fish polations riod. (tapng) - an] the ms came downn the ela, was theargest rer reoration in htory. wepent morthan $32 milln to recer wild lmon, buinstead lettinghem colonizehe riveraturally the y they'vevolved do for mlions ofears, we snt $17 mlion to bud a brannew hatcry. so nowe're opeting not justne, t two haheries oa rir that w restore fothe benet of wilsalmon. d we misd this he portunitto allowhe river to retn to bei truly wd.

- oh, 92, no mar no tag. - so 73, no rk, no t. - th is a te of internand staf they a collectinour longerm datan salmonse ofhe elwhaearshore then ke theseata, comparthem ovethe cade ate've beerecordin the infoation, and ok at thevolutio of the eha nearsre as theam remov pgresses. as wild sh now rruit intohis neshore ar, we seehese lar members hatcherfish. our coern is tt the hatche specs may behallengi thwild scies that are trng to rever.

theyre vulneble to these tchery fh, either tough pdation or physil displament or competion foresources the sk is th we're aually stuntinghe river ability to resre becse theseish th literly are t backbone c't resto beuse theye beinpressure tse contied hatche release i do thi that huns by nare ha an engiering asct. ey like ings to orderly they likthings toe predicble. sohat's what hatchees give ople. the fl side ofhat is wd d wildinyour watshed. - chinoo 152146. - [ae] wildi does ha great unrtainty it. at's howild works.

ld is scary, but it's really portant ple in peoe's soul [man] diyou guys sehow we wked when wwere walng up he walkinglong therees? so we calook bac intohese twoeds he ere we kw fish swn. the mas are th easit to seesually. sof there'males onhere, mo than lily there gog to be female ithere. and thene'll sit therand coentrate ause t femalesre ally harto see. ey're li transpant ha the te. e's movi up. e's righstraight in bween us,ep. - an] do y see theail? - yep,oving up oh yeah, she gging rit there. - trit, it'sretty de.

(water sashing) macking) tycally wh we see a female iabout 4,0 eggs. and we'ldo the mes now. keephem sepate, keephe milt sepate fromhe egg

th after wre done,e check them f a color wire ta (beeng) thiss the pa that ha e coatedire tag bedded in t head. and at wld have informion on t fish. - i kn some pele e going view th aseingrutal anbarbaric but th is whatt takes collectur stock athe elwhaacility. it's tool, aool to help recer the sck. macking) when wmiss a female, feel li we've failedhe fish self cause wenow thathose eggs aren't gointo survi as wl as thewould at t hatcher

we bught theggs in frothe coer. lathe bucks on theloor and th divide e female fohow manyales we ve. and puthe mi in the, mix it let sit for 30 secos. mix 'em again, a then le themit for ather 3seconds. then wweigh do 13 pounds io a buck, t it dra all the ovariafluid anmilt. put 'ein iodofm for anour anthen we' lay 'em downill th eye. that's eectivelyrtificia spning at hatchery - thers been aot of efrt overhe last veral dedes, cataging allf e genetic variation

in populions of lmon and eir couss, trout. salmon have developed an incredle amount of diversity thatllows em to be particarly successful in t stream whh they we born. a huge rer syste wi have hu salmon. some othem useto run up t100 poun in the bgest rivs that had thmost chaenging fls at they d to jumover. anthen lite coastastreams, th had mosy smalleones, even thoh it was the sa species but theyere getically tally dierent. even in one ver wher you ve one scies of aertain se, you may ha the falrun d the spng run ofhat specs. d thosfish are comptely difrent. they d't intert interbrd at a. - wee been stocking lmon since e time odarwin.

when we rst discered how toake eggsnd take lt and mbine th, hatch sh, put themack intoreshwate literal knew noing of elutiary ecoly. would he been fing blind. now knothat king wd fi and exposi them to hahery envonment, breedi them, hching th, rearinthem forny ount of me reall chges the netic maup. - fi are vercomple crittershat havevolved mother ture ove thsands ofears. anthere's ings tha happ in hatcries thaton't puthem rough the pressus at they fa out inother nare, thatakes theso they're fit fish what hpens is u create a neticallinferiorish at theatchery rough all the mesticatn, anthen tho fish go spn withish in t wild and that actlly can grade the getics of e fish the wilso they' noas fit eher. - at we doith fish haheries ithe same thi

as grong a chien. economicly, it makes mo sense to put aazillion chicns in onplace and itroduces real inferiochicken. and u know, ifature caproduce mberf fish ia river, let's mp more yog fish ithere. and 's absolely wron it's notncreasg our number owild fis 's eventually goa tirpate l fish - lifeiversifi order tsurviv and huns do thopposite simplifd in order tmake things eier for rselves. anby iosing mplificationn a worl that h taken mlions of years so wondusly divsify is a vlent actn fe ielf. (machinehirring)

(fisthud) - an] whathe fish ss is, is tt we takthe fishhat returnedo the hahery, sohese arell the fh that were rsed in t hatcher we have is tub ofish, and i ink thers probab couple ohundred sh in eh tub anthey get frozennto a sod block and just dr them wn and bak them and reeeze theso they dot stick gether nmore d prep ' for all thschool gups. ish th) (iistinct)

- [m] hey ys, y go morning sheiland emil - [a] good mning! - talked out the ve reass why wee doing this a lile bit a. do anydy rememr? can we g those? yeah - e trees. - e trees. what aut the tes? trees needhe nutrits. - the trients,ight? so we paner withhe niuallindian tbe providehe carcaes from the hatcherprogram, ich usedo be consided aaste proct. theye actuly full mari-derivedutrients cause wh they leave thriver syem, they'rabout yabig. en they me back, th're justarrying mu goodnesfrom thecean. so wteach th conct to t students, the inook d steelhd in thiwatershe are thatened scies, soe spire th to takection byetting these carsses back io the upr watersd, whicis actuay very nutent poor (dramatimusic)

(kidshouting - n i get mething? - yeah. i don't ke this. - you nt a big onor a lite one? - thisne. - [wom] okay, ll, let me- - nono, litt one. salmoni ththk they a very importt for thecosyste many anils eat tm. well, 8 vertebe animals eat e salmon specifilly. i likehe salmotossing idea, thk it's aood help buat the se time, i don't thinit's theest ea.

thecosysteruns a scific way foa specif reason. c try andelp them by reding pollion, but don't ink we shouldirectlinteract with t salmon wildfe anall the ldlife and lethem runy their lf and ma their o adaptatns. (slomusic) - the nversati is, are the any ld saln left? showe a wildalmon. showe, you kw, an abunnt numbecoming bk of wilsalmon. anwe just n't see heren the niually. as much i'd ratr ve wild lmon, our hatcry salmo e importt tos continng our culture,ur tradions. u know, for us, thiss our chch. this is r medici herebeing onhis rive and i ink peop have a hardime undetanding at. becae this iwhat our ancests did sincthe begiing of te.

u know, ey fishe ey hunte they gaered, they procted whawe have, anthat's h we live and w we're 2018, our salm are deplete - the are thraceways i was lling yoabout. 300,0 in eacone. yeah, . that a lot ofish. he's gng rightow, pullg l the de ones ou - [man] wee manage. as nativamericaneople, that's wt we do d we mane, but welso haveo adapt tohe times - people he a ndency tget enamed th what ey wis was stead of wt is. there's certain gment ofhe peoplin this ea