(slow sic) - huns tically apt a commd and corol apprch

environntal oblem soing. here's t problemwe c engineer way arod it. technolo is greain so ma rems of hun experice, but whenou try t ply manipulation and ntrol ofcosystem through chnology you'reften sucssful eay on but th problem creep inater on. - one ofhe thingthat our morn socie has donis to indtrializell the living tngs arou us. have faories foliving tngs, d that iludes fi. mans belve erythings for us so if the are animalin the wld, surelyhey are r us and sure we shou just do anhing we nt with em

or to em. d isn't at great welli don't ite see ithat way. fish areild animalopulatio. th're not de to, orvolved t or rlly capae of bei used at the re that people u them. the wholmyth othe garden oeden is place whereverhing wasranted and evything w beautif. and thenecause of humanubris, weere doom to a li of toil are cerinly casng ourselveout of t garden and doomg oursels to a le ofoil throh our huis. (dratic muc)

(banng) - thiss a kingalmon, but weefer to em as a chiok salmo ich isheirore affordle name.

this bath re which hacarbon dxide, itnesthetis the fish, ocks tm out. d the gu are pulng the sh out ithey're ght, and ey're chook salm. d we st the sh inserti a needl into tir body vity, which rces airn and push all of e eggs o. and th after they'rspawned re, theyo to thether de of thtable the and wee biologally samplinghe fish. would you ke to toh one? (crowd groing) feelkinda sly. (slomusic) - colemanationalish hatcry is mitigation tchery.

're hereecause oshasta dam ing built in 194 so the ppose of leman naonal fishatchery is to mitige r the lo of habitadue to ssta dam. thcreationf the da preventeabout 0 miles of rer accesfor the lmon. so he at colan naal fish tchery, we rse fall inook saon, late falchinook lmon, d steelhd. our oductionoal heres 12 milon. so we lease million anwe're trng to g a 1% rern. weould lik 0,000 fi return. 90,0 of at wou beaught inhe ocean and in rersport shery. ,000 bacto the hchery and th 10,000 ck to (indistinct why do wneed hateries? welli think,ounow, populati's goingp, water' you kno a conce. anso if yostill wod like tsee salm,

think yore goingo ne toave hatcries unfounately. 'd be ni to thinthat there uld be eugh wate d enviroent to sport salm populatns, but witht hatchees, i n't thk that woulbe a reaty. - [man] is is thbaker rir dam, 2 feet hi, whh stops llions o salm from rerning to the spawningrounds abe the dawithout lp. sohe unitestates beau of fisries hastepped i and sad the daby proving free ridupstream it's t only wathe salmon c be save fr dashing thselves tpieces ainst thstoneworfar belo - huma have alys thout themsees as supior to natur you knowit's gots to a lotf troubl - wh the eo-amerans came

they belved the tural wod was a g warehoe, storg commodies that they we obliged make e of, take. they aed spenc baird, e us fiscommissier, wh could ty do to sure thathe salmoruns would on forer? baird ld 'em, u're not gointo be ab protecthe habitat through gulation becae they'de unenfoeable. yore not gng to able to ptect 'emrom dams because ogress igoing to dend that ms be but.able. and so he sa, "what yoneed to is take uprtificiapropagatn." the peop that original were thfish and wildlife sentists ren't. they we agrilturalis. d since e 1800s,

our fish andildlife agcies havbeen domated by an agculturalentality just like farm you raisthem, u put th out, yoharvest em. that's t basis f fish and ldlifeanagemenin the u for es and as. - the fa is saon mu spendart their le out inhe wild. and wasn't til in t 70s at we rely started evaluang, what a we doinwhen releaseatchery sh into stream? thuse of hcheries was promise at youould he salmon and you uld also ve the befits of deloping e river. puthat nexto the ft that 40% ofhe salmoare extit in tir historic rang and e rest a proteed byhe endanred specs act, u would ve to sathat thattory didt protec the thin that we valued, e salmon

- wee been rying on those me runs fish, the wild fh, since the beginninof time. when yr healths their hethright? you'rearried ithat way and i thk that uon crtes the credness to havthat relionship with single ecies is rl specia you thk about ke the sioupeople d the bualo backn the da fore evething wacolonize t that relatnship unrtunately was sered. if we t these ns , then ty're gon d i do n think tt we, aseople whare on thiplanet n, shoulde okay wh allowingalmon to gextinct our wat. - the avege perso whenhey see salmon,

they s a salmo they see a fished proct. and it'serhaps athe end their fhing lin peaps in aestauran on tir plate buthey don see the colexity othings at wt into maki that saon. lmon, i ink, hav the st complated, u could so say wondrousife histies , i gues any fis they sta life byatching fr eggs in stream. and th they go out to the ocean and when they come back, they're much, much bigger. you' distillg the richness of the ocean and enlivening it. and en that lived stillation of the ocean

propelitself upstream against gravity. sotimes they go well over 1,000 miles inland, where after layi eggs and creatinghe potential for a new geration, ey die. and thr carcasses feed dozens of kinds of anils, get dragged deep into e woods. thlife cycle of the salmon is actlly the transformation of the ocean intliving beings that come aore anbecome the biggest trees in the world. - ld salmo present methin thats really importa to uas humaneings. u have nive americanultures re at have olved wi the fishor 11,00years. you ve, you ow, famili like mi,

thatish for lmon andat lmon andhink abo salmon. and then i thi becausehis is the a of humaimpact, th where tre arwild saln, i think represes our fah in motr nature at we alwed thato happen. i s born tfish. all of mearliestemories relve arou fish in some y or anoer. as a yng adulti built my wholealendar ar arnd the skomish sing fisherfor wildteelhead and at reall came my sessn. i ought of hatchees as sothing

thatctually nd of helped uas fisheen, that tre woulde re fish the riv and were lowed to kill t hatcherfish, so that ant a me. i n't thini ever hadne secon wheri thoughabout consertion at l. thought out gettg ough mon for gasnd pizza so that could fi all t time. what i dn't reale wathat we re reall at the tl end of long deine of wd fish. in le 2000, ey annoued th the 200season woulnot happ, that thetate was gog to clo down that sing catc d releasfishery becae therwere s few ld steelad fish that en a low pact fishing ason cou wipe ou the lastf them. it was rlly like gut pun. i me, i had ilt this whollife aund thisishery annow it'sone. so that was,n a lot of way a wake call.

i stted doinsome rearch, stted readg, arted taing to pple. talked tbiologis, taed to fi manager talked tother fiermen. and learned out the ur hs. dro, harst, bitat, a hatchers. th is sort kind of the iacts on lmon and steelhd peoplealk abou d so i ud th as a guiline and i stted thinng out the ykomish, anyou knowwell, th hatat hadn'teally chged overhose 10 ars, it was ptty good there s no hydro, there wano dams. the haest, as r as i cld tell, had mained ratively nstant and t we hadhis plumting numr of fis and so t one conant at i fou is that a hchery ha en operang for the tire durion ofhe decli of wildteelhead think th was wha stard kind omy focus onearning re abouthe role tt hatchees play

in the dline of t just fiing oppounities, but of wd fish polations riod. (tapng) - an] the ms came downn the ela, was theargest rer reoration in htory. wepent morthan $32 milln to recer wild lmon, buinstead lettinghem colonizehe riveraturally the y they'vevolved do for mlions ofears, we snt $17 mlion to bud a brannew hatcry. so now wre operang t justne, t two haheries oa rir that w restore fothe benet of wilsalmon. d we misd this he portunitto allowhe river to retn to bei truly wd.

- oh, 88, no mk, no ta soho 7063,o mark, tag. - th is a te of internand staf theyre collectg our longerm datan salmonse of t elwha nrshore. we thetake the data, compe them or the decade thate've beerecordin the infoation, and ok at thevolutio of the eha nearsre as the d removal pgresses. as wild sh now rruit intohis neshore ar, we see tse large mbers ofatchy fish. our coern is tt the hatche specs may behallengi thwild scies that are tryi to recor.

theyre vulneble to these tchery fh, either tough pdation or physil displament or competion foresources the sk is th we're aually stuntinghe river ability to rtore becse theseish th literly are t backbone c't resto beuse theye being essured tse contied hatche release i do thi that huns by nare ha an engiering asct. ey like ings to orderly they likthings toe predicble. sohat's what hatchees give ople. the fl side ofhat is wd d wildinyour watshed. - chinoo 152146. - [ae] wildi does ha great certaintto it. at's howild works.

wild is scary, t it's aeally imrtant ple in peoe's soul - [man] d you gu e how wealked when wwere walng up he walkinglong therees? so we calook bac intohese twoeds he whe we knofish spa. the les are e eaest to s usually sof there'males onhere, mo than lily there gog to be female ithere. and thene'll sit therand coentrate ause t femalesre ally harto see. ey're li transpant ha the te. e's movi up. e's righstraight in bween us,ep. - an] do y see theail? - yep,oving up oh yeah, she's diing righthere. - trit, it'sretty de.

(waterplashing macking) typilly whate see in female iabout 4,0 eggs. and 'll do t males n. keephem sepate, ke the milt sarate fr the es.

th after wre done,e check them f a color wire ta (beeng) this ithe parthat has thcoatedire tag bedded in t head. and at wou have informatn on theish. - i kn some pele e going view th aseingrutal anbarbaric but th is whatt takes collectur stock athe elwhaacility. it's tool, aool to help recer the sck. macking) when wmiss a female, feel li we've failedhe fish self because know th those eggs aret going survive well ashey wod at theatchery.

we bught theggs in frothe coer. y the buets on t floloor and en dividthe femas fohow ma males whave. and puthe mi in the, mix it let sit for 30 secos. mix 'eagain, a then le themit for ather 3seconds. then wweigh do 13 pounds io a buck, t it dra all the ovariafluid anmilt. put 'ein iodofm for anour anthen we' lay 'em downill th eye. that's eectivelyrtificia spning at hatchery - thers been aot of efrt overhe last veral dedes, cataging allf e genetic variation

in populions of lmon and eir couss, trout. salmon have developed an incredle amount of diversity thatllows em to be particarly successful in t stream whh they we born. - a hugeiver sysm ll have ge salmo some othem useto run up t100 poun in the bgest rivs that had thmost challengingalls at they d to jumover. anthen lite coastastreams, th had mosy smalleones, even thoh it was the sa species but theyere getically tally dierent. even in one ver wher you ve one scies of aertain se, you may ha the falrun anthe spng run ofhat specs. d those sh are completely difrent. they d't intert interbrd at a. - wee been stocking lmon since e time odarwin.

when we rst discered how toake eggsnd take lt and mbine th, hatch sh, put themack intoreshwate literal knew noing of elutiary ecoly. would he been fing blind. now knothat king wd fi anexposi them to hahery envonment, breedi them, hching th, rearinthem forny ount of me reall chges the netic maup. - fi are vercomple crittershat havevolved mother ture ove thsands ofears. anthere's ings tha happ in hatcries thaton't puthem rough the pressus at they fa out inother nare, thatakes theso they're fit fish what hpens is u create a neticallinferiorish at theatchery rough all the mesticatn, and en tho fish go spn withish in t wild and at actlly can grade the getics of e fish the wilso they' noas fit eher. what we with fi tcheriess the same thing

as grong a chien. onomical, it kes moreense to put aazillion chicns in onplace and itroduces real inferiochicken. and u know, ifature caproduce mberf fish ia river, let's mp more yog fish ithere. and 's absolely wron 's not ireasing r nuer of wi fish. it's eveually goa tirpate l fish - li diversies in ordero surviv and huns do thopposite simplifd in order tmake things eier for rselves. and by iosing silification on a world th has tak millionof yes to so ndrouslyiversify is a vlent actn life itsel (machinehirring)

(fh thud) - an] whathe fish ss is, is thawe take e fish tt turned tthe hatcry, sohese arell the fh that were rsed in t hatcher we have is tub ofish, and think the's probly a couplef hundrefish in eactub and ey get frozennto a sod block and just dr them wn and bak them and refrze them they don'stick tother no re d prep ' for all thschool gups. ish th) (indtinct)

- [m] hey ys, y go morninto sheiland emil - [a] good mning! - wealked abt the fi reass why wee doing this a litt bit ago do anydy rememr? can we g those? yeah - e trees. - e trees. whatbout therees? trees needhe nutrits. - the trients,ight? so we paner withhe niuallindian tbe providehe carcaes from the hatcherprogram, ich usedo be consided aaste proct. theye actuly full mari-derivedutrients beuse whenhey ave the ver syst, they'rabout yabig. en they me back, th're justarrying mu goodnesfrom thecean. so wteach th conct to t students, the chinook d steelhd in thiwatershe e threened spees, so w inire themo take aion by gting these carsses back io the upr watersd, whicis actuay very nutent poor (dramatimusic)

(kids outing) - n i get mething? - yeah. i don't ke this. - you nt a big e or a ltle one? - thisne. - [wan] okaywell, let me- - nono, lile one. saon, i ink theyre very impoant for e ecosysm. many amals eathem. well148 vertrae animals eat the salm specifilly. i likehe salmotossing idea, thk it's good he. t at theame timei don't thinit's theest ea.

the ecostem runs specifi wafor a spific rean. c try andelp th by rucing poution, but don't ink we shouldirectlinteract with t salmon wildfe d all thwildlife and let em run btheir se and ma their o adaptatns. (slow sic) - the nversati is, are the any ld saln left? showe a wildalmon. showe, you kw, an abunnt numbecoming bk of wilsalmon. anwe just n't see heren the niually. as much i'd ratr ve wild lmon, r hatcry salmo e importt tos continng our culture,ur tradions. u knowfor us, thiss our chch. this is r medici here, ing on ts river. and i ink peop have a hardime undetanding at. becae this iwhat r ancests did sincthe begiing of te.

yoknow, th fished, th hunted,hey gathed, they procted whawe have, anthat's h we live and w we're 2018, our salm are depleted. - the are thraceways i was lling yoabout. 300,0 in eh one. yeah, . that a lot ofish. he's goi right n, pullin althe deadnes out. - an] wee manage. as nativamericaneople, that's wt we do d we mane, but also ha to adapt the tim. - people he a ndency tget enamed th what ey wish was inead of wt is. ere's a rtain seent of t people this ar