(slow muc) - huns tically apt a commanand corol apprch

environntal oblem soing. here's t problemwe c engineer way arod it. technolo is greain so ma rems of hun experice, but wh you tryo apply mapulation and ntrol ofcosystem through chnology you'reften sucssful eay on but th problem creep inater on. - one ofhe thingthat our morn socie has donis industrlize allhe ling thingaround u have faories foliving tngs, d that iludes fi. mans belve erythings for us so if the are animalin the wld, surely ty are fous and sure we shou just do anhing we nt with em

or to em. d isn't at great welli don't ite see ithat way. sh areild animalopulatio. theye not ma to, orvolved t or rlly capae of bei used at the re that people u them. the whole th of e rden of en is a ace whe evything w granted and erythingas beautul. d then bause human hris, weere doom to a li of toil are cerinly casng ourselveout of t garden and doomg oursels to a le ofoil throh our huis. (dratic muc)

(bangi) - thiss a kingalmon, but weefer to em as a chiok salmo ich is tirore affordle name.

this bath re which hacarbon dxide, itnesthetis the fish, ocks tm out. d the gu are pulng the sh out ithey're ght, and ey're chook salm. d we st the fi inserti a needl to the body caty, which foes airn and pues all othe eggsut. and en after theye spawnehere, theyo to thether de of thtable the and wee biologally sampli the fis would you ke to toh one? rowd groang) feelkinda sly. (sw music) - colemanationalish hatcry is mitigation tchery.

're hereecause oshasta dam ing built in 194 so the ppose of leman naonal fishatchery is to mitige r the lo of habitadue to ssta dam. thcreationf the da preventeabout 0 miles ofiver accs for thsalmon. here atoleman national fh hatche, raise fl chinoosalmon, lateall chink salmon and steeead. our productionoal heres 12 milon. so we lease million anwe're trng to g a 1% rern. weould lik 0,000 fi return. 90,0 of at wou beaught inhe ocean and in rersport shery. ,000 bacto theatchery and th 10,000 ck to (indistinct why do wneed hateries? welli think,ounow, populati's goingp, water' you kno a conce. anso if yostill wod like tsee salm,

think yore goingo ne toave hatcries unfounately. it'd be niceo think at there wod be enoh water d enviroent to sport salm populatns, but witht hatchees, i dot thk that woulbe a reaty. - [man] is is thbaker rir dam, 2 feet hi, whh stops llions o salm from rerning to the spawningrounds abe the dawithout lp. sohe unitestates beau of fisries hastepped i and sad the daby proving free ridupstream it's t only wathe salmon c be save fromashing themlves to eces ainst thstoneworfar belo - huns have ways thght themlves as supior nature. you knowit's gots to a lotf troubl - wh the eo-amerans came

they belved the tural wod was a g warehoe, storg commodies that they we obliged make e of, take. they aed spenc baird, e us fiscommissier, what cou they doo ensure thathe salmoruns would on forer? baird ld 'em, u're not gointo be ab protecthe habitat through gulation beuse they be unenrceable. yore not gng to able to ptect 'emrom dams because ogress igoing to dend that ms be but. and he said hat you ed to dos take up aificial opagatio" the peop that original were thfish and wildlife scitists wen't. they we agrilturalis. d since e 1800s,

our fish andildlife agcies havbeen domated by an agculturalentality ju like fa, you rae them, you put em out, u harvesthem. that's t basis f fish and ldlifeanagemenin the u for es and as. - the fa is saon mu spend pt their le out inhe wild. and wasn't til in t 70s at we rely started evaluating, what a we doinwhen releaseatchery sh into a seam? e use ofatcherie waa promis at youould havsalmon and yocould al have theenefits of deloping e river. t that nt to theact that 40% the saln are exnct in tir historic rang and e rest a proteed byhe endanred specs act, u would ve to sathat thattory didt protec the thgs that valued, e salmon

- wee been rying on those me runs fish, the wild fh, since thbeginninof time. when yr healths their hethright? you'rearried ithat way and i thk that uon crtes the credness to havthat relionship with single ecies is rl specia you thk about ke the sioupeople d the bualo backn the da fore evething wacolonize but that relatnship unrtunately s severe if we lethese ru gothen there gone. d i do n think tt we, aseople whare on thiplanet n, shoulde okay wh allowingalmon to gextinct our wat. - the avege perso whenhey sea salmon

they s a salmo they see a fished proct. and it'serhaps athe end their fhing lin peaps in aestauran on tir plate buthey don see the colexity othings at wt into maki that saon. saon, i thk, have the mo compliced, you coulalso say wondro life hiories , i gues any fis they sta life byatching fr eggs in stream. and th they go out to the ocean and when they come back, they're much, much bigger. yore distiing the richness of the ocean and enlivening it. and en that lived stillation of the ocean

propelitself upstream against gravity. sotimes they go well over 1,000 miles inland, where after layi eggs and creatinghe potential for a new geration, ey die. and thr carcasses feed dozens of kinds of amals, get dragged deep into thwoods. thlife cycle of the salmon is actlly the transformation of the ocean intliving beings that come aore and come the biggest trees in the world. - ld salmo present methin thats really impornt tos as hum beings. you ve nativ amican culres here at have olved wi the fishor 11,00years. you ve, you ow, famili like mi,

thatish for lmon andat lmon andhink abo salmon. and then i thi becausehis is the a of humaimpact, th where tre arwild saln, i think represes our fah in motr nature at we alwed th to happ. i s born tfish. all of mearliestemories relve arou fish in some y or anoer. as a yng adulti built my wholealendar ar arnd the skomish sing fisherfor wildteelhead and at reall came my sessn. i ought of hatchees as sothing

thatctually nd of helped uas fisheen, that tre woulde re fish the riv and were lowed to kill t hatcherfish, so that ant a me. i n't thini ever hadne secon wheri thoughabout consertion at l. thought out gettg ough mon for gasnd pizza so that could fi all t time. what i dn't reale wathat we re reall at theail end a long cline ofild fish in le 2000, ey annoued th the 200season woulnot happ, that thetate was gog to clo down that sing catc d releasfishery becae therwere s few ld steelad fish that en a low pact fishing ason cou wipe ou e last othem. it was rlly like gut pun. i me, i had ilt this whollife arod this fhery annow it'sone. so that was,n a lot of way a wake call.

i stted doinsome rearch, stted readg, arted taing to pple. talked tbiologis, taed to fi manager lked to her fishmen. and learned out the ur hs. dro, harst, bitat, a hatchers. is is so o kind of the iacts on lmon and steelhd peoplealk abou d so i ud that a guidene and i arted thking about thskykomis anyou knowwell, th hatat hadn't rlly chand overhose 10 ars, it wasretty go. there s no hydro, there wano dams. the haest, as r as i cld tell, had mained ratively nstant and t we hadhis plumting numr of fis and sohe one cstant that i fnd is that a hchery ha en operang for the tire durion ofhe decli of wildteelhead i think at was wt stted kindf my foc onearning re abouthe role tt hatchees play

in the dline of t just fiing oppounities, but of wd fish polations riod. (tapng) - an] the ms came downn the ela, was theargest rer reoration in htory. wepent morthan $32 milln to recer wild lmon, buinstead lettinghem colonizehe riveraturally the wathey've olved to for mlions ofears, wepent $17illion t ild a brd new hahery. so nowe're opeting not ju one, but two tcheriesn a ver thatas restod fothe benet of wilsalmon. d we misd this he portunitto allowhe river to retn to bei truly wd.

- oh, 92, no mar no tag. - so 73, no rk, no t. - th is a am of intes and stf. they a clectinour longerm datan salmonse ofhe elwhaearshore then ke theseata, comparthem ovethe cade thate've beerecordin the infoation, and ok at thevolutio of the eha nearsre as theam remov pgresses. as wild sh now rruit intohis neshore ar, see the large mbers ofatchy fish our coern is tt the hatche specs may behallengi the wild spees that are trng to rever.

theyre vulnerable the hatche fish, either tough pdation or physil displament or competion foresources the ri is thate're actlly unting t river'sbility to rtore becse theseish th literal are t backbone c't resto beuse theye beinpressure tse contied hatche release i do thi that huns by nare ha an engiering asct. ey like ings to orderly they likthings toe predicble. so tt's what hatchees give ople. the fl side ofhat is wd d wildinyour watshed. - chinoo 152146. - [ae] wildi does ve great certaintto it. at's howild works.

ld is scary, but it's really portant ple in peoe's soul [man] diyou guys sehow we wked when wwere walng up he walkinglong therees? so we calook bac intohese twoeds he ere we kw fish swn. the les are e eaest to s usually sof there'males onhere, more tn likelyhere's going be a fele in the. and thene'll sit therand coentrate ause t femalesre ally harto see. ey're li transpant ha the te. e's movi up. e's righstraight in bween us,ep. - an] do y see theail? - yep,oving up oh yeah, she's diing righthere. - try , it's ptty deep

(water sashing) macking) tycally wh we see a female iabout 4,0 eggs. and 'll do t males n. keephem serate, ke the milteparate om the es.

th after wre done,e check them f a color wire ta (beeng) thiss the pa that ha e coatedire tag bedded in t head. and at would have informion on t fish. - i kn some pele e going view th aseingrutal anbarbaric but th is whatt takes collectur stock athe elwhaacility. it's tool, aool to help recer the sck. macking) when wmiss a female, feel li we've failedhe fish self cause wenow thathose eggs an't gointo survi as wl as thewould at t hatcher

we bught theggs in frothe coer. y the buets on t floor and en dividthe femas fohow manyales we ve. and puthe mi in the, mix , let sit for 30 secos. mix 'em ain, andhen le themit for ather 3seconds. then wweigh do 13 pounds io a buck, t it dra all the ovariafluid anmilt. put 'ein iodofm for anour anthen we' lay 'em downill th eye. that's eectivelyrtificia spning at hatchery - thers been aot of efrt overhe last veral dedes, cataging allf e genetic variation

in populions of lmon and eir couss, trout. salmon have developed an incrible amount of diversity thatllows em to be particarly successful in t stream whh they we born. a huge rer syste wi have hu salmon. some othem useto run up t100 poun in the bgest rivs that had thmost cllengingalls at they d to jumover. anthen lite coastastreams, theyad mostlsmalleones, even thoh it w the samepecies but theyere getically tally dierent. even in one ver wher you ve one scies of aertain se, you may ve the fl run anthe spng run ofhat specs. d those sh are completely difrent. they don interac ornterbreed atll. - we've beentocking lmon since e time odarwin.

when we rst discered how toake eggsnd take lt and mbine th, hatch sh, put themack intoreshwate weiterallynew nothg of evolutiary ecoly. would he been fing blind. now knothat king wilfish and exposi them to hahery envonment, breedi them, hching th, rearinthem forny ount of me reall chges the netic maup. - fi are vercomplex ittershat havevolved in mothenature or ousands years. and ere's thgs that happenn hatchees thaton't puthem rough the pressus at they fa out inother nare, thatakes theso they're fit fish what hpens is u create a neticallinferiorish at theatchery rough all the mesticatn, and th thoseish go spawwith fh in theild and at actuay can deade the genecs of thfish in theild so ty're not as f either. - what wdo with sh hatcheri is the me tng

as gwing a ccken. economicly, it makes mo sense to put aazillion chicns in onplace and itroduces real inferiochicken. and u know, ifature caproduce numb of fishn a rive let's mp more yog fish ithere. anit's absutely wrg. it's notncreasg our number owild fis 's eventually goa tirpate l fish. - lifeiversifi order tsurvive and huns do thopposite simplifd in oer to ke ings easr for ouelves. and bymposing mplification on a worl thatas takenillions yearto so worously dersify is a vlent actn li itself. (machinehirring)

(fh thud) - an] whathe fish ss is, is tt we takthe fishhat returnedo the hahery, sohese arell the fh that were rsed in t hatcher we have is tub ofish, d i ink thers probab couple ohundred sh in eh tub anthey get frozennto a sod block and just dr them wn and bak them and reeeze theso they dot stick gether nmore d prep ' for all thschool gups. ish th) (indtinct)

- [m] hey ys, y go morning sheiland emil - [a] good mning! - talked out the ve reass why wee doing this a lile bit a. do anybody rember? can we g those? yeah - e trees. - e trees. whatbout therees? trees needhe nutrits. - the trients,ight? - so we rtner wi the squallindian tbe torovide t carcass om theiratchery ogram, whh used tbe consider a wte produ. theye actuly full mari-derivedutrients cause wh they leave thriver syem, they'rabout yabig. en they me back, th're justarrying mu goodnesfrom thecean. so wteach th conct to t students, the chinook d steelhd in thiwatershe are threened spees, so w inire themo take aion byetting these carsses back intthe uppewatershe whicis actuay very nutent poor (dramatimusic)

(kids outing) - n i get mething? - yeah. i don't ke this. - you nt a big e or a ltle one? - thisne. - [wom] okay, ll, let me- - nono, litt one. saon, i ink theyre very impoant for e ecosysm. many amals eathem. well148 vertrae animals eat e salmonpecifilly. i li the saln tossin ideai think it's good he. t at theame timei don't thinit's theesidea.

e ecosysm runs apecific way r a specic reaso c try andelp them by reding poution, but don't ink we shouldirectly interact with t salmon wildfe anall the ldlife and let em run btheir se and makeheir owndaptatio. (slow sic) - the nversati is, are the any ld saln left? showe a wildalmon. showe, you kw, an abunnt numbecoming bk of wilsalmon. anwe just n't see heren the niually. as much i'd ratr ve wild lmon, r hatcry salmo e importt tos continng our culture,ur tradions. u know, for us, thiss our chch. this is r medici here, ing on ts river. and i ink peop have a hardime undetanding at. becae this iwhat our ancests did sincthe begiing of te.

u know, ey fishe ey hunte they gaered, they procted whawe have, anthat's h we live and w we're 2018, our salm are deplete - the are thraceways i was lling yoabout. 300,0 in eh one. yeah, . th's a lotf fish. he's gng rightow, pullg l the de ones ou - [man] wee manars. as nativamericaneople, that's wt we do d we mane, but welso haveo adapt tohe times - people he a ndency tget enamed th what ey wis was stead of wt is. there's certain gment ofhe peoplin this ea th want tolame hatery fish