(wind whistling) - we've en doing th for milnnia.

en i sayillennia that mea more th one. noestern ccept of nservati is thatld. oft musi peop like mu and tse other nservatiists, opold, ty just tught nobo lived o her a wierness as a lderness that's n true. wee been ithis part othe couny for ousands ousands years now hoto manag naral resoces, and we nd to talabout it we need e true histy of ameca. (soft chestralusic) - ife look athe anda thate find oselves itoday thughout t west, we have er increasing size and scale and intensity of wildfire. humans have excluded fire from this natural system d have cated unnatural nditionss a resu. fire is ourelationand we need to work with fire. - digenous pple of ts countr for very lontime, th've been maning e land,

usg cultur indicats, using ltural kwledge, ing tradionastories, ing presibed fir ing whathey knows go for the places. oft orchtral mus) (bd whistlg) - pa of what wrong th ameri that pele don't undersnd that ese fores that theaspire tpre-euroan were reay a sult of nativamerican.. derstandg thnatural cles that ocr out the. oft orchtral mus) uffalo hd rumbli) - as far aindianeople, buffalin all tir histo, ey were r econom they wereur food,ur clothg. then kled to nr extincon. so bnging the animal backnot onlyre they althy

for eang but ao for r spiritlity and big partf our cuure, just makg us who again. it a healing in at way ao. (soforchestr music - rt of wh they didn understd, the orinal englisexpeditis, s that wt they we looking was in ture. it's nature in relationship with humans over 1,000 years. - [leaf]he facthat we're still re todayn any rm... is testament to aptationnd resience. rickets irping)

my name michael kotwa johnn. i'm member othe hopiribe. wee locateup in northn arizon abou90 miles northet of flataff. we le in whathey call semi-ar climate it's rht in thmiddle a big dughteriod, what they call extreme drought. after grandfaer passe aw, i stard gettinseeds om diffent peoplout here, ani starteplanng. then what did was oped up mo fields, cause i nted to ant more d increa the supy oforn thate had. d you casee... so of our ans that i h planted. are ing pret good do here. they're stting to co up pret good.

these e calledatico. th're browlima bea. so they' doing ptty good ey look etty strg, 'causehere's smuch isture ithe grou. no irration, fks. oft instmental mic) d you casee in ctain spo e corn istartingo come up fm abt a footepth. in aboua weekthese wi really showing rely good re. yoknow whai mean? ally goo 's a gooday toda beuse you n see from the little es, th've got ttle dew ops on them ght here the are ouchildren the h hopway thes arour chilen. so tod it's a od day, becae i'a daddy.laughing) (soft instrumental music) (birds chirps) (metal clinking) i've had my own problems in my life like erybody ee.

alcohowas my ailles he for theongest te, and found way to.. dispe of that. bui found way out here tdeal witthat. en i wasittle boy, being opped ofout here spenng some mmers t here wh my grafather, i learned a lot. but as i got older and i went through all my lifecycle and all my drinking and stuff, i was able to come out of that. and only came out of that because i got back into what i really love and enjoy. and i feel like a lot of people out here, if they would get back into farming and learn from this, they wouldn't have near as big of a problem out here. (soft instrumental music) - tradion tellus th we mustave corn corn habeen theain stapleor theopi peop. you ve to ha three years'upply oforn.

the years'upply oforn, because ually a ought sts abt threyears anwe've hasome drouts out he. the trition wathat theifather w a farme an wouldake the kidsrow up fming. stt them hing, plaing with alanting ick. and ery kid ew up on e farm. today, no kid grows up on a farm, because thr parents stopped farming. if you don't farm and grow your food, you lose your independence. but if you're farming and growing your own food, you don't need the government. so you're independent. - the hopi farming, to me, the destruction, in just looking back at our history, was just the introduction of cattle. the federal government came in,

and they thought that we could use these cattle and as a way to... do better. what it started to do by bringing in these livestock animals, it started bringing in the concept of what they call privatization. so people felt like they owned it. it wasn't shared as readily as you would a crop, and therefore you had a concept of privatization, which, in my mind, broke down a lot of our society, a lot of our community bonds with each other. in a drought year like we've had the last two years, there's no way they can survive, so you wind up just drastically cutting back their herds, people selling their cattle. i'm out here just trying to not change the system, but i'm trying to hold on to the system that's been existing for over 2,000 years and to encourage people to ke farming rickets irping) so these are just some of the varieties that we raise. i uld haveo say th is pbably amica's origin sweet corn varty here,

becae this te of see is what ey wouldind some these prehisric dwelngs. is is red vaety. d this ia purple ke a viot variy. ese are st our be co varieti here. create out 42 dferent types ofishes fr hopi co, evything fm puddin to soup thiss our blood in lot of way this isho we ar when i w at corneluniversi, en i tald about corn, theyaid that need 33 inch of nual rnfall a ar. okay? th're planng pths weran inch. r planti depths,ecause of t way ourorn is, cause th's where thmoistu is at, n go anyere from two fe all theay up. over tim they'vedapted. they havwhat the ca a growi region calledn epicot. it's t initial growinpoint cos out, d it's engated. itas an elongated icotyl, so icomes up from that whers in hybd rn, it'snly abt probab about a ch growingegion. rs is abt two fe. it canrobably longer.

i wod imaginif i t it dowfour fee itould sll come . eans rating) (soft instrumental music) dry nd farmi ans thatasically u don'use irrition. we don'telieve iirrigati. that'shy thesearieties e sorought-terant, becauswe don't irrate. this iwhere i ve my bes. yocan see me of thbeans that aretarting toop up ouhere. these whitlima bea. (digng) were caring itown to where itets moisre fiveima be seeds in tre or so these arlike sup seeds, you ow? th've veryough. th're ke us, a so, cause th're likes, they survi like us limiteamount owater, a loof nurtung, a lot caring, lot of cmunity blding. this is out a fo. convtional aiculture es to abt right re.

at's whayour plaer is desied to goown an ih. that it. igging) our rly cornwe put iearly to cncide wi our me dance at'd be eet cornyellow co, differt variets. we d't get a rains he althe way om usuallfrom apr l the watill theonsoon, whicis the lt week ijuly. r us to ow thing with onlsix to 1inches of annl precipation is amazi. oft music) this yr i put about s fferent rieties corn. you'veot to gr em out ery year. you try go at lst onrow out ery year becae the clate chans, and sounless y do that ese plan won't apt, they won't change.

and when we're going through climate change throughout the globe, we need to have that biodiversity, beuse biodersity can react and can adapt, st like should,ut they kw how too that. those lile seedlgs knowow to dohat. we ahuman begs are foetting h tdo that. these are the new neration. these have been geared to adapt to what they call climate change. (soft strument music) (rer babblg) peaking karuk lguage) this rig here is ourountry. this is ere we were born and ised, justike our ng ago pele were.

r religi is rvival ithis place. living in is placeor cotless gerations, ousand oyears. it's harto say it's religio 's rlly manament practices that have evolved in this place to survive. and fire, in our creation stories, the's alwa a recogtion at fire s alwayseen here it's alws been part ofs. (soft strument music) - the ruk peop have lid re for tusands oyears. and acor for native pple here were a sple of tir life. their dt, that w deer me and all these pnts at are aund us that yld diffent edibl reurces thughout t year. in ordeto have ose sources a prediable tim in a predictle quanty, in a pdictablerea, you eded to ve a hane on manipulati that vetation

inhibithe plant yodidn't wt there and toncouragend basicallfertiliz e plantshat you diwant the. a lot the burng d been de by women from awo mile dius around t villageite. and that was to produce a fine grain mosaic being oak woodlands and grasslands. - they put fire on the ground, underneath the trees to burn up old acorns and leaves and duff to make it easier to pick the acorns when they fall. so that oke, putng that smokup into e canopy. suresses t bugs. what tse women esntially re doing besideenhancinfood source basketrresource all the things that you needed to survive,

at the same time, they were eliminating the risk of wildfire to their communities. fires don't burn in the black, where fire has already been. that's how you put out fires with backfires. when a wild fire hits it, it goes out, because runs t of fue when you have this constant, regular, low intensity fire being t on theandscape this counity sce, not firefighti force, not anody gog out there fight fe. body wasighting anytng. th were woing withire to enhce resoues and protect thr communy. (sber music) - fire suppression a exclusion with first colonizion, diseases that decimated native popations, that limited severely there number of ignitions

and the complexity of their stewardship anagroforery stems arnd fire e. and th youad settlent, whetr there s direct displacemt, nati people ing remod out of tir villas, put resertions and otr rancheas. th you hadhe desuction of thaculturalire regi. and thenollowinghat itial peod of colonition, then tre was a ve strong phasis on spressi all fir. whethethey werlightng or they re arson orn-permitd ignitis, th were toe suppreed in thinterest of timberesourceand prottion of mmunits. (sber musi - [lea suppresng wildfirer any fi was really policy ndat those ely first raers here they arrted peop, t people in il. so tho ceremonl practis, the rual fire thatasart of o annual wod renewaceremony was outlawed and people were put in jail for it. (spirited music)

- [narrator] wood for war! the navy nee wood. ey air fces needood for oop-carrying gders. we a need ouforests, but thforest he a cious publ enemy nber one! fire, ruless, devastatg forestire wipi out hom destroyg criticalar materls, king itsnnual to of live - [leaf]e have 1 yearof scari people out the il effts of re and h fire isvil. smey bear,ne of thmost effectivpropagan campaigns thathe world has er known, hadone suca good j of instiing fearf fire in t general popace. - eaf] and now you have a condition where we essentially haven't had fire, and then with increasing climatic conditions of temperatures, densification and build up a fuels,

drout stress, high fueload, verdry fore, we see my nditionsn the we and partularly icaliforn ansouthwesoregon th now we' saying 're havingattropc fires orires thaare larg in eent and verity more eensive andore damang th has evebeen in recded histy. buit's all built arnd fightg. fighting fir it's no a fit you cawin, and it's not something that people should be trying to fight. how can we engage with fire? how can we embrace fire as a partner? because that's what it is. it's the best partner we have. (clunking) hatterin

- my gndfatherhe would ki of know "oh, ieel like'm gonna burn tod. it fee right." i rember as kid growg up and beg like, s toy a goodurn day? anhe'd be like, "no,t's too t," or like,no, not t." d then hd start eling likeou couldust... he go out d he'd blike, think tay's a go burn da" and he'do out an 'd light fire. d then setimes i wouldn'to how heanted, so he'stop. anthen he'go back in aew more ys, maybe tried ain, and maybit was goo so he'go for i (light instrumental music) this is the panamnik tishawnik village area. we swim here. we fish here. we... we gather here ceremoniay for thdeerskin dances, for all e other dances

that we've all kind come to our whole lives. and this is l on youmind when y're stanng just inhis one ot. (lauing) (fircracklin aditionay, this ace woulhave beeburned.. fomany reans, for thering, fobasket wving materis, cultul reason the larr picture theountry tay, with lot of ese larg wildfirehappenin yocan use ltur knowled to dve a lotf these managent practes th tie dirtly into ptectn and wildre instaes. there's lot of history in the places, and the's a lo of htory in aces for my fily as wl. myister lis here at thend of throad theame resince where my gndma wasaised and her parents lived.

i know that people on this lane, especially, are really excited for the burning to happen, because they did experience the dance fire back in 2013. was at msister house wh the firstarted. were crking acorns in her ling room d as sooas i wald ouon the pch, there s just le this wl flames ross thetreet. and it was already in the canopies of all the doug firs across the seet. (sombemusic) - was suca terrib year. we h like haly any rn, no snow g time bore. sot just tk off. i me strait at ourouse. is littlbitty biof clred landight her ishat stopd the fi from takingll thesether hous. a lot of people were like, "dang, if you guys hadn't cleared your property outefore the fire it probably wod've los the whole neighborhood. and so wwere like we we reallyucky becae the tre helped uso that athe timeoo, otherwiswe wouldt have bn ab to do iby oursees, beuse i walike nine mths pregnt

en we boht the prerty. (cckles) i wa't much lp to anody athe time. so it's ally gooto e controed burns anthen, ye, one cr can take ce of a wle area, versus hing an ay ofirefights coming fighti a fire. mean, wh it ts to th point, yes, wgotta do buyou don'need to t it geto that pnt. (fe cracklg) personali'm a clinicalocial woer, ana lot ofhat i de with with aot of nave peopl we have a t of traa. we have real high ras of suide and dression, d a lot that hato doith the sruption our culre and o relions and r way living. and a loof our proble that weave withhe weath and clite chan and evethin is bause of e same druption, thsame disption of trng to ma somethi fit a rtain ki of box. and i ink that how a lot of wtern culres have bn with non-weern cultes,

and think th's how ty've kind of en with ture. and so ihink it'time to to arn fromach othe anmeld betr and bo to each her's knledge in ctain are. (riverabbling) - we useire for lot things ceremon crting a rple thatalls the saon up thriver. the p of bla mountain that wld burn f, it dras into t ca creek wershed. and so at th time of year, you're kind of at one of the warmest periods for the river temperatures, and so when you burn off the understory and the small plan, you no longer have things using that surface water, so you have more cold water groundwater inputs into your streams. the smoke in the air reduces the heat,

the radiant heat from the sun on the water, and so that contributes to colder temperatures in t river awell. and just the littleinute anges thatappened sed on the han activy inhis cereny of lighng that untain actuallyas scienfically vad connecons to calng the fi up the ver. (soft sic) - r religi we actice ipic-ya-wh, translated as "world renewal". so the karuk people were fix-the-world people. toda we're gonna g down ande're gon fish in ishpishi fas. it'sery... it's vy romantic i so people'eyes, very fstratingnd other. i'm bothf those. i love i that's way of fe, buthe heal of the ver runs pallel wi the health othe peop. we need to p to acti, the phical actns onhe landspe.

we'vgot to srt cleaninghe sacretrails. ancleaninghe forestnce agai erythinge do in our rld the salm benefitfrom. (st chestr music) - so in outribal cemony is tfix the rld. it's n just fixethis cre fix ouramily fix ouriver. weant to f the who world, because things e wrong re, th're wronon the other sidef the wod too. that's jt the wathe world rks onhe balce. son our tre, we kn that in f the wor ceremon pic-ya-wh, even small grp ofeople wi great ergy, great fos and pu thought caactuallyrigger the wod, the eth,

and put back onts balan. (fire crkling) (wd whistlg) (chanting in foreign language) (steady drumming) (crowd cering)

(cm music) (wind llowing) - so we' broughtuffalo ba here atlackfeet i thinin 1974,e stted restoranimals ck to he. d there sn't a rl big... inrest, ani guess becae buffalhad beenone from ourulture f so long

being alst hunte near exnction. so the bgest par why oureople... have nev seen th. after ty were kled to nr exnction, maki way forattle fothis country,hings we lost. our ngge, our way of rigion... long lan ese anims here are my psion, inging tse anima back and turning at part of r cultur my namis ervinarlson, d i'm a mber of thblackfeenation anpresidenof the inrtribabuffalcouncil. i'm here today to respectfully urge passage of h.r. 5153, the indian buffalo managementct, toreate a rmanent trib buffalo storatioand manament proam with the deptment of thenterior. buffalo e sacred tomerican dians.

hiorical rords indate thatmerican dians relied heavily on buffalo for survival. buffalo provided us food, shelter, clothing and essential tools. in the early 1800s, the buffalo population in north america exceeded 30 million, and the american indian population was near seven million. the military systematically eliminated buffalo to eliminate the indians. in addition, westward expansion and the greed of non-indian buffalo hunters reduced the buffalo population to 500 and the indian population to 250,000 by the turn of the century. with confinement of indians to reservation lands, indians had lost their primary food source, lifestyle and independence. in 1991, a handful of indian tribes organized the intertribal bison cooperative to begin restoration of buffalo to indian tribes. today, t itbc is compsed of 6tribes

across9 statesith 55 buffalo hds, collectily the lgest herdn the united stas. e buffalo arvery goo stewardsf the la. ey're a turally miating anal. they d't just stay inne area d ovgraze. theye naturay migratg. they geenough rm to roa theyl move fm area tarea. thcattle a the oth animals,hey'll orgraze if you kp them oy one aretoo long soou don have to take carof them. theyake caref themsees. they're very hardynimals. and just haa real severeinter th past ye. a lot cattle re lost. but didn't se any buffalo that weher. they jt mainta, and theyl just tn their ads intohe stormnd go to i and thedon't...