across 1states wh buffalo hds, llective the larst herd ithe uned state e bualo are ry good stewards othe land ey're a turally miating anal. they don just totay in o area anoveraze. theye naturay migratg. ifhey get ough rooto roam, theyl move fm area tarea thcattle a the oth animals,hey'll orgraze if you kp them oy one aretoo long soou don have to take carof them. theyake caref themsees. they're very hardynimals. anwe just d a real seve winter is past ar. a lot cattle re lost. but weidn't lo any ffalo tohat weatr. they jt mainta, and theyl just tn their ads intohe stormnd go to i and thedon't...

tu awaand turnheir ils intohe storm like desc animalwill. you thinabout thbuffalo ing the ggest climatchange apter as an anal in e world, d i meanor centues d thousas and thounds of yrs. now 're in aage thathey're gonna ve to adt to thi d they c easily apt becae of the hair. theihair is differe than a cow hid right? 's four mes morehick, but th also gr more hair f the winr. then theshed it r the summer and so is just aatural inlator bo ways. ifou look it econically, how ma cattle you los how ch more ed do you ha to fe the cow coared to buffalo? and thenhe water tuation o. buffalcan gowo and a ha daywithout inking they'reust so mu more relient. (sofmusic) today wee gonna mo them anals

to the northide ofhe pastu. (buffa herd ruling) like iay, themeing gon long, it was real... reedating ouown peop... to the amal. and never rlly, reay took offntil, i uld say, in t paseight years wetarted t... iinnii project.

iinnii ithe blaceet rd for buffalo. and we started having dialogues, meeting with elders, meeting withur youngeople, and ju talkingbout the retu of buffo. hildren outing a laughin (soft sic) (speakg in blafeet) - i rely learn in my le th if weere to tch ouyounanythi, it had tbe handsn, it couldn be from book, and itouldn't from lee. theyad to paicipate in actely. you uld prepe them,

but ey had tactually particate in i so the sdents... in therades fr kindgarten tthe 12thrade, the was ma needs that t studenthad, and eir trib identy waone of the most stngest ne there w. (chaering) and they. st took to it li duck to ter. th wted to kw everytng. (laughg and chtering) - our sier tribe isainai ansiksika. and soone of tm have a bfalo her i start asking me ofhat eldeladies, who thght woul obably he known how butcher buffalo ani said, ave you ys ever been ta buffalharvest? and ey're li, "no, this is r first e." and at was kda heartbreing to m that thawas theifirst on and theye like 8years ol so tt whole neration of not bn able

toven be pt of tt buffal (dicate muc) (children shouting) - we have these songs with us yet. we may n have thceremonies... buthe songare stilwith us. and we nd people ow theseongs. because 're nogoing be arou all theime. i'm 90ears old d i don'expect t beere anotr year of our cator we k be withs today. r ancests, our pele in thpast ha left usome thin to foll. (shoutin we ask that yo will dirt us. (chantg)

[ervinthese anals took ca of us iour begiing, in t old w. and now,n a new y, they' al taking re of us and soe take care of the (singingn blackft) (bids chping) - we're the unirsity of arizo campus. ll be dog my phd dense tomoow toet to be doctor philophy in tural reurces.

(soft sic) ve been er here little or 12 yea now, and it's been a long road for a numb of reass, most othem pernal. buwhat motated me tget here was i wawonderin y we weren't abl to u ourwn coervati techniqs. i'm 200 genetion farr. 0 generaon fmer. yoknow? and so alls i'm doing here is i'm learning a new language. i'm learning how to speak in the language that i've been taught here so that i'm able to have the people on this side of the fence understand where i'm coming from and at the same time take some of the goodness th i see iscience bring itack homeoo. it's a tgh transion for , and it a tough traition for a t of nate americs who wish to int the sciences, because there's this... constant tensions that exist within yourself.

you wa to help, t at theame time u do notant to exploiyour culre. d so it'a balancg act. is thaon there leme see. me on up it'sot cominup. (chatting) i want to star f thisresentatn first giving u some- ask you take so seeds off this co right he. wh you're lding he is not justorn, butt's life thiss the romap at we'reonna folw. and thisarticula p right re is callehopi proecy rock th is the rld that weurrent live in and you' a bunchf ople goi this wa up thipathight her and you casee wherit ends. and at this telling us, a real ort brie

is that a lot of us are gonna move away from our traditional value d our tritional stem. and yoll see dn here there's is old gtlemen with h plantin ick and s plant, d his plts throu here, and thisine contins to gon. and so what this is telling us down here is that we if we believe in our traditional practice and we pass it on to the next generation, we'll be able to continue on into the next world. the main reason why we're having all these barriers is that indians have the right to occupancy, buthey do t have t titlto theirwn land. people d't know th, but weon't. we'rtrusteesf the federagovernme. anwhat is is wholeuling based on, thisig rulin it's bed upon e ctrine odiscover that mns that u were disvered. th's our land now. you can live there, but we still own it. so what is indigenous agricultural knowledge? what we're saying here is that it's applied knowledge for raising food and other agricultural products at is grnded iindigeno beef stems andractices

which ve been ti-tested er milleia. i removethe word " out ofhere cause i'not just lking ju 1,000 yrs. i'talking llennia. so i'malking to the plural for of that, over 2,000, 10,000 years. so this is contour farming. this is what it looks like. this is keeping soil erosion from happening by plantg perpencular. we'vbeen doi the samthing. buunfortunatel these a ientificly valided. these prtices arnot, so we d't get fded for at. mas no sen, right? and i asmyself, wellwho came up th the method first? (audience laughing) you know? 2,000 versus 75 years. i wonder about that. there's a great guy out there named leopold, and he says that he's the father of conservation or someone calling him that. i said, "well, that's your opinion." a lot of our knowledge has already been drafted and assumed a different type of name. "no till agriculture". we've been doing that forever.

there's a new one called "regenerative agriculture". we've been doing that forever. (laughing) look the pictures right here. 1901, 2015. look at the continuity. it hasn't changed. you don't see a $100,000 john deere 14 row planter out there. you see little hopis out there with their john deere hats and a planting stick. (group laughing) that's all you need, right? so this is what my whole presentation is really about. it's about our survival. it's about survival. it about moving on into theext genetion soittle ki can holcorn like ts 100 yes from n. with that, want tohank you (audiee applaung) hatterin it was a very good experienceor me, t it was very grueling pcess at mes.

itas almosas though had to ove thatur techniques re valid thatur ancient cservatio teniques wked. soart my thg an part of at wholerocess was just bringing the recognition back to the people who originally founded it. (bds whistng) we don'tave peect knowdge, don't have rfect scnce, but we've always been adaptive. i think menominee's history has been adaptive to resource managent, litical eas and learng how toeal with the

but so stayi true to cultul identi. and th's the secretf this pce. is is an ancesal map, bere europn settlent. d this rresents ou 15 milli acres he. betwn 1817 a 1856, thugh landecession.. 15 milon acr shrank to 23400 acres the 23400, justbout all it is maged. the federal gornment, theyelt thathe best way for nomineeso assimite into t rest ofociety was to become faers. but overall, the interest really wasn't there. (soft music) the menominees, being woodland people, their real desire was to keep their land forested.

d with tt being id, theyetitionewith the fedel governnt tollow somharvesting of some of the live trees on the forest. (birds whistling) - back in 1908, the menominee tribal enterprises was established in neopit here. and basically it was put here to supply jobs for the menominee people. before the saw ml, the wasn'ty much opportities foemployme. all e lumber that's pduced he comes fr the meninee fort. menonee fore is opered on austainedield managent syste actual advised chief okosh. advised that you starwith theising su and you t to the setting s and take only the sick, dying, and the mature trees, and when you reach the end of the reservation

you turn back and cut back, ifou do th, th treewould la forever (bir whistng) - rit now, currently there's more standing volume of timber on the forest now than there was back in 1854. so it is possible to have an economic harvest to deforest. if youo it in sustainae way, e forestan repla itself and u're notausing hm. (cinsaw buing) (tree falling) (chainsabuzzing) (tree falling)

at we'reoing in is ction is red oak svage. 've had me probls with the k wilt fgus diseas ifhere a damagto some of e limbs a tree the fuus gets there and bacally kis the tree witn one seon. if youe takingut yo low-quaty trees your bter qualy trees arremainin soe have treesn the forest that are 150, 200, some even up to 300 years old, and they're still healthy, so we don't consider them for removal. as far as climate change, one of the things th we do he is we have intensive forest management, forest protection strategy in place. at we trto do isurb any outse threatand disees su as oak wilt disease. (soft music) one of the ways to do that is to have a diverse forest with a the pieces there. on mominee whave ove 33 diffent te specie

and we wt to maintain that. examples would be our red maple trees. we have hickory in here. nice basswood. and we have some of the beech trees and other species of aspen is in here. so it's all a combination of trees growing. a lot of what you see in an industrial forest, they usually are more concerned with the value of timber, whetr it bone specs, likeor examp red pin plantaons in wconsin. yore putti all you emphis on onspecies. as f as a lo-term alth manemenstrategy it'sot a gooidea. havi a diver stand of forestike we don menomee your be defensegainst any ouide probms le that. - 's more an just timbern the fost. 's more an just e dollar aunt thatou get. the trees offer a whole bunch of other things that they don't put value on. and someday they'll put a value on what that tree is worth

as far as carbon sequestration, clean r, cleanater, erosn contro and all the rest that has no dollar value. i think menominees understood that a long time ago, because the operations were created not just to make money but to create jobs and to maintain a counity. and you maintain a healthy community with all of these other values into consideration. (lauing and shouting) (phone ringing) - most companies will always have a certain tree farm or something that they have

and that they grow certain species, anthen thelook at the marts, and wh the mket's hoon is speci or thatpecies, that's wt they'l haest out there, and th they'llut iout. don't he that cice. we orate for the elogy, for e ecystems. sohatever ey have anned for regerating t forest is what we get here. so that's what's really the unique part about how this lumber company operates. what we do here is we don't get to choose what's coming in. the stuff is brought to us. we have to know how to use it, anwe have be veryreative as thow we'rgonna tu it over andurn it io money. wean't opete like e capilisticociety d it was always the land first (soft music) - yeah, the millpond's been here forever. i mean, i remember when i was a kid swimming across the river and climbing up on the banks.

used toump off the g piles ars ago when we re kids. obvisly we d't allow that n. (chules) this is prettyuch wher thprocess arts rig here for eaking dn a log to lumbe (machine whirrin lot of pple... ke it fogranted at... we have ch a lus autiful rest. d at theame time theyon't undstand why mthas thesstruggles. we nd to takwhat the forest ges us, anwe need make th work. (machine whirrin

we're nna be hereor ather... seven generations, the next seven generations. that's the goal is to leave something foour chilen and theichildren anit's pron over tim i thi. if youook at a satelle image, you casee the undaries the resvation and ars ago,he areas l arounds were wed out blumber bons, st clear-cutng, wipingt out. - "nanoh pemwan". th means "ows repeedly". it's a dcriptionf everytng that'going on wiin the eironmentround us, thnatural vironmen

thlifeblooof the fest is theiver we ve here. erythingevolves ound thibody of ter. e bad thg is thait flows inrom the rth off ofhe ag fids, whic pis up a l of acculation differe typesf chemics, dierent tys of runf, bothatural a manmade thbenefitsf this fest thaton't getecognize is this ter, thihydrolog isleaned bthe fore. thesbenefitspread to all the unties aund us becausof the rer syste. the cleawar that ty enjoy is a rest of thiforest he, these complete intact elder communities.

(waves lapping) (singing in hawaiian) this is e easterpoint of t big isld of hawi. so wcome herfor our sunriscelebratns. and honor t creatio t this wld all beonsiderepart ofeligiouseremonie of t hawaiia. and ofourse, a of thes actices re outlad, tlawed a made criminalere in haii

by t missionies unti1978. e moku hwa'a, hea'a heoku." iteans "thisland",moku", s a cano, "wa'a" "thea'a is aisland". we think of it as a canoe. we're in the middle of the pacific. you got to learn to get along. and everybody's got to pull for the canoe. (gentle music) agroforestry, contrary to popular belief, is far from a new idea; it's actually the old idea. people used to live off tree foods, fost plant in haii the stem was lled (spking hawian) whh means grofores. archibd menzies,he tanist a biologi

witheorge vaouver inhe iginal elish eeditions fit recordn his lo the roy london ciety the ct that 'd seen agriculture hawaii like he'never se ywhere ee before and thathese sysms we more undant, more productive than anything they had ever experienced around the world. he also added that the only thing left to do is to make plantation workers out of these people. the united states, through the illegal takeover of hawaii in 1893 to 1898, undermined hawaii's agricultural capacities. hawaii moved into this raging sugarcane monocrop production, as well as pineapple monocrop production, wherein they totally decimated the land. and organizations like monsanto, they got a foothold in hawaiian in the 1950s.

these indigenous practices... disregarded by the americans from 1898 to the present day, have ledo the enronmenta deadation hawaii. (sawg) we sll have e memory anwe're woing on tryingo reesblish those fo systems food fests areesigned caure wateand holdater. foodorests survivin drougs. fo forts survi impacts dung the gat storm wheragricultal fieldin o-dimensnal linedo not. (sofmusic) threlation inractive mponent

the biogy of a rest is ite diffent than garden an agricuural fie. it was important that weork with a residential zoning so that any experimentation would be applicable to a household in honolulu, in the larger, more metropolitan suburbaareas ofhe state we'rlookinat tryg toositivelimpact sing-family dwellis arnd food curity and fo prepareess inn emergey situatnis for eier a manade or a natal disasr. (soft music) when you look out over the central plain, the northern central plain of the island, these plains were once covered with food forests

and forest with timber trees as high as 100 feet. these uplands were turned over to some englishmen who brought in scottish ctlemen. theyimply ought degration tohese lan, and ey callethis sucss. rizzling (chaering) (rning)

(faucet nning) - basilly, we' tryi to revi ny of thpracticeof old d gettinpeople to rlize tha.. t everytng is stantaneous ke goingo the surmarket and tting yo food. it tes time. rit now have group harvesti kalo, wch is ta. food fortry for would b tegratg dierent crs ... mily property, so tt you'reot raisinjust thene item

th you wou want for ur famil on ourroperty with my gndparent we havthe kalo the brearuit. we also had bananas. several varieties of bananas. a little bit of everything. (st music) this rht here, thiss 'olena to us 's 'olen t that'surmeric. rit here. is one h a bloss d that'sart of the nger famy. so the's your brearuit rig there. you can e some othe youn fruits staing in oit. and the i, or ya.. is tt vine tt's eeping uon the te. th're actuly woing withach othe