j lia willia: i d failed merablyit' in ke to be nsideredseful.

i did e total posite. j lia willia: ju by misiormationit' in ke he wasoing to ve or didn't knor gettman: myob is torite abouthe e plan thatakes off and ows up m-ai, and kis a hundd people ndra sheleworth bannah itppeared at was saf when i s a kid thant is now yuri bmenov: exposu to tr informaon es not mter anyme. ron shockman wee create this probl, we've al createdhe solutn. theye just ling togeer, and we c't tell m apart. we've al createdhe solutn. sawineburg the ternet changeeverythi. is is sothing at has never,ver occued

in theistory of theuman rac naator: ery day, er a bilon peoplgo onlin to fd informion. the ti that hun beings spent

is te that ibeing bought badverters taand th's the melwtgs spent tof the iernet.. the mo powerfuplaces are run ad sas. naator: the more you cck, the longer you're on theirlatform, the moreoney themake. while ople tur toocial mea for ne, atforms e not degned togive yo highrofileech insirs ha raisea red fl say thasocial mia plforms ardesigned toook . highrofileech insirs an parke th thoughtrocess ha was all out,l w do we nsume as much yr time and consous atteion possibl it a sociavalidati feback loo because u're expiting human pchology. so programrs call "brainacking," becaand e tech wlding wod probab prefer so programrs call you di't hear out it. naator: was hapningg wod pfor yesrefer

before a few engineers blew the wstle. naator: was hapningg this tng is slotachine. ery time checky phone, before a few engineers blew the wstle. i'playing slot mhine see, wh did i g? naator: was hapningg this tng is slotachine. this is one y to hijack people'sinds to. whatou do, iyou maket so wn someonpulls a ver, metimethey get reward, an e. and it turns o that this dign techque can be eedded inde ofll theseroducts. derson cper: do you tnk parenhat understa the comexities of whatheir dsinde oflarardealing th. wh they'reealing with theirhone deing withpps ansocial mia? no, and i thk th is rlly impoant. your tephone ithe 1970 didn'tave a thsand engeers on thether sid ofhe telepne whare redegning itto work e and en upding the y ur telhone word ery day wha to be reing itto work e d more psuasive. and en upding the y urth was notrue the 197. (notification ngs) rrator:the infite scrol keepusers ononger. sear ene are so schemg to keep you engad.

tristaharris: whenou hit py onhat youte video, what aually ppens is thait wakesp little atar vood doll version you inde a gooe server somew, baseon all yr clicks little atar vood doll version you baseon all yr likes, baseon g u've wated. all th lo and actoret makinghil anmore likyou. we jt have tmanipula the vooo doll. all th lo and actoret makinghil anmore likyou. we tt a buncof video on ', and weay, "whi one's gna keep you he" narr thatas viewes ov a billi times. charli that rely hur (laugh chlie bit . u start e video, and th e at timer but 's only, like, ve g for the next one to begin. it'll be something that you're interested in cause thsoftware is sdo ou'll li this on " anwe'll pl it nexto, and yodon't have any time to click out. ou'-hey, rois on " anwe'l-heybilly.xto, e next te you lo up, 's like -15 minutes lar, twen minutesater, an hour ter, and all you ant to d wajust che one thi.

i ve throwmy pho in the woo before, but en immediateto d gonna ca an addtion....recommdad ofncounterg more extreme rms of athing. olence, xuality, other kis of med conte. naator:on yoube, if you d a searcabout dis, (hking) you'be recomnded anorexia videos, because ose woulbe morelikely. if you d a searcabout dis, (hking) if y were wahing a news clip about 9/11, itould recmend nspiracyideos xt. and now that you've been identified by the algorithm as someone interested in conspiracies, an youtube's recommdations i would begin to feed yothm an endless supply of conspiracvide.

some of ese conspiracies and hoes reach surprisily wide dience. you mathink it sounds azy, but in 2017,housands if notillions people you mastill lieve the worlis flat.y, and e numb of peop whthink sos growin narror: with ovea billiohours watcd daily youtube, over 70% are from the recommendations. most people don't realize this whenhoosing give their ds a cl phon why do youll need cell phones? -safety. -emergency. -safety! -educatio. valeriziegler: the seco i finisa sentence and i'm giving a lecture, they're on their phones. they can't even have that separation r that fe second fome to ta a breat or, th're on tir phone d someon, have you ever watched teenager scrolln ? ey do ito quickl that iarely sea studenstop and readhe capon. theye just solling. if t, ey'll wah the vio fomaybe twseconds,

i would y probabng. if t, % of tir day, 's whai would ll, kind of,onsense. i would y probabng. if t, peop would tt each other anth'd be rit next to each her, and didn't uerstand , bui was li, "i gue that's at should bdoing, t?" i use myhone sixours peday on social mea. gi: i prably spe, ke, threish hour on my one a da like, r entertainment. it waslike, gi: i prably spe, eight hos a day.ur on my one a da litas, likehorriblent. it was aays snapchat. on my one a da lday is apecial dlent. cause mend my be friend, on my one a da egler: ur "stre"-day apchat onnapchat.chat.t. you go lon wiout postg somethg, en you le your seak, have em a t their ones awaat. "b what abt my strk?" egler: think it chang the retionshipstudentsave withach othe ds in hi school intentr thatre false they sead thrumors to make n of others.

narrator schoolights like ts are shing up onocial . itas already a an enougtime ing a middlschool d high sool ba in the y. now row gasone the fir and throa phone there. now row gasone twhen tre's a rort stop when say iday nig,gs. d then or the weend, kids d't have ability to esce. when y're on sial mea e subjecstill pops up. th're alwa connect. shane ss: kids areaying thgs that you wld neveray to sebody fa-to-ce. thin like, " kill urself.nobod. that you wld neveray "you suld justo die." we'vhad a nuer young pple, midd school e, gh schooage, commituicide here idurang it happene wee all seitive tomotion.enee b:

mans a hardwir pay aention tmessages that cree strongmotion. fr fear toust pay aention tmessages to dire to he. jestin coler: e fa news stuf th i was dng is was jt somethg i s doing the sid as allenontgomer myseudonym, wi some frnds at i kneonline. it was tally jusfor fun. i s doing the sid as allenontgomer myseudonym, wi some frnds at i kneonline. weere, i gss, trollsin a lotf sense. you ow, reallyust pushing ttons. i bought all the domains that were, like, newyorktimes.com.co, washingtonpost.com.co. once we arted to getraction, then advtisersame tos. and thenefore you knew it, thf money toe made he. "why d't we ju see wh we can "as faas dring traff, st getti engagemt, "just wahing tho pa views gw."

ything tt you camask behind atudys great. for exame, like,say thato, ani came ang and iaid, ou kw what ce cre is badfor yourea" yowouldn'tike thattory. u'd "that sa somethiwh?, but if irote a sry that sa thatf u have i cream every daof your fe, then en it's ke,ve h, yeah. see? "i kw i was ght abt at ice cam thing "i gonna e ice cre. m goa eat scoops of ice cre nd live yea longer. whetit's truor not narrat: scieists s that' for whatou alrea belve,, wher and u igno or rationalize dise l of udo it. ea user traed, our clks record, our bias noted to lculate as

peopleant to bieve at they' right to a wor of our n,f us sepate from shared rlity.g d if ty see sothing that conrms theiworldvie they wl share . narrator disinfmation spreadfurtheand faer when it makes us afraid or angry. a peresear center surv shd at a majity of aricans ve sharefalse inrmation. me tech designas surv shd ts shari informaon,. twtn true or fae, it hasffectily becomand a ar andutrage bton.

sa that itas s ike handg a fourear-old a " at creed theetweetutton coler:f you'recrolling throd anyou happen to landupon t, coler:f you'recrolling throd we wanyou to cck on it all youfriends.hat youadt andwhe if i glower on the binstem tget you,tohe boo you knowusing myroduct, andwhe if i glower on the binstem tget you,tohe boo i win, b it doest end upin a wi appealso the wot of han natur it's liktaking all of o hate... appealso the wot of han natur fanning e anger, fanninr r -...d oufear, d creati an uagainst em. cor: thatin turn, sellmore a, which leads toore prof r theiinvestor mariressa: e world ise and lled apa, and t, peopldon't kn theye being nipulate and it oen start in anymouspaces on the w, it themoves in closedor sem, it tn moves to conspacy mmunitieonline,

iit tn moves to moretraditi, and en, unfounately, so this is one of the paradoxes of the information revolution. we thought that it would mean more information, beer reseah, re accesto facts betteremocracy of theost sharsi ne stories narrat: the on facook in 29. if you had kids or you knew someone with kids, it felt like the article was meant for you. so the key part of that headline is "may be in our neighborhood." it's t immedia. sod my famy, isan immedte th's what care aut. heline wrirs kn this initivel narrat: the st was sre hundre of thounds of tes, even though it was written for residents of a small town in texas. and we'rmore aaidfraid to , let the in these unown plas. blackm: all knew was me home before the stet lightcome up.

in thi had frdom.as. kids n't havehat freem. weon't all that frdom in thi had frdom.as. becausit's jusout of fr at sometng couldappen to theright no ndra: appearethat it was ser when was a ki one of the great ironies about the present is that just as we have been getting safer and safer, parents are more and re vigilt abouthe safe ofheir chiren, somemes far above the tual s where t dgers lie we're frile creares, we're vulnerle. thin can go wron itakes sense that our emions wou be tune to thingthat go wron morehan thin thatan go rit.

narrator that called ounegativi bias, where negative things have a bigger impact on how we feel and behave than positive things. i genuely belied itas unsafto vaccite. i wouldn't even consider injecting my children with anything, becausi felt tt would cse damag and harmo my chiren. i didn know eier way, so i wt to thenternet to google and trd i get infmation.ay, thisuy, andr wakefie, dr. andrew wakefield, heot published in lancet, which is a very prestigious , at he'found thisinkn e mmr 's a dilma.utism. the mmvaccinewill proct you agnst meass, mps anrubell t today,uestions about n resear publied tod suests mmraccinati

uld be lked to a newide effe, a combation of bowel disea and aism. thatutism li is the thg thatcared mehe most. shwas realn of boweadamanabout itsm. so it was, "no way are we vaccinating o kids!" okay, yoknow, so get shwas realn of bol this iormationsm. , yeah,a joint cisi. vaines arearmful, so le. inging iistincy) inda: ya -clafor me. linda: we went a chstmas pay on a sday. we had great te. monday mning, alah woke with oneide of his fe hangin "oh, my god, has he had a brain tumor? "wt's goinon?"so iook hi, d the gpaid, "hs got be's palsy which isaralysis of theaci, whicusually st goeson one .

there's thing yoneed do about , there's nothing we can do about it. it just needs to takits course, a ne day,kes he wasetting wse..nd th that nig he stard bite hitongue. now beuse alij's born withpe, he wasetries)wse..nd th it was vy hard f us to get h to expln what wasoing on, to telus what s happeng. lind oh, i s. ere doest hurt? he had shod me in e weeken a lile cut uer his ft. which ishe chiren's hosp. d on tt thursd afterno,, his jaw arted to lock up soate, 10: at nigh a w doctorame on, anlooked ahim and id, his jaw arted to lock up wonder it's tenus.

and i sa, "ie had thsame thoht." you wikedia tetus, thpicture a guy and his ole bodys arched lia: so t nerves arbeid and seing wrg signal tohe brain d the brn then rcts by spasmg muscle and ose muscs spasms arso, you kn, they'rarching, you , and at t same ti, y so it restricts your airways. and that's one of the reasons people die of it, is because they strangle you. all night, he was cramping every three minutes, and i kept pushing the emergency bell. i said, ou've go to ce and he me. is is noright." heas bitinhis tong,ng thblding dowy bell. archinand, younow, all ofhis. lookeat me anhe goe "mthworst thg ever," and ws beuse i codn't savhi there s nothini could .

theyaid the ly way to alleviate hisain iso put him into com we said odbye toim, becauswe nevernew th said, "we thk he nee to be in a ca foa long te, "so weant to d a trheostomy "becauset's bett fohis vocacords," "so weant to d d all sos of this. ian: e spasms weretill, but at least he wasn't conscious of the pain anymore. in 1998, dr. andrew wakefield published a report suggting tha there s a link in beeen e mmr vainewakefield publd autismreport was siificant,k publ, and . ainst wafield ll, dr. kefield, it hasw us absoluty fraulent dat had a fancial ierest some lauits.he creat a.

rrator:though wefield's papd the medal journ thatad pubshed it, itave birtto a modn r ti-vaccition movent's papd ong pares. many cseot to ccinate their i. e probm was, it start a firesrm, itave birtto a modn r ti-vaccition movent's papd ong pares. and in t united ngdomand irela. f and easi preventd byaccinatis., a viruthay you uld arguthat th paper kled fourhildren. lia: we dn't know whet. oh, watcout for ur toes. linda:lijah'going for his rst walk i thought that i hthe biggest safety ki could give my child was to n vaccina him.i would enm from gting autm brain dage, orny of thother thgs at we re about on the iernet

was to n vaccina him.i would enm from gting autm by not vcinating thought at was t safest. was to n vaccina him.i would enm from gting autm t i realed thereg th that wa thmost unse thing i co. thought at was t safest. e safesthing i coulhave don was to iunize myhild ia so alij having walk pt of theospital, and doinhis favote thingin all , learni to walkgain, which chasi birdies with mom's help. anda: thguilt anthe shamin all , l th we wenthrouin, d for mepersonal, stl going rough, anda: thguilt anthe shamin all , l th ws immensouin, and it w very obous wh your sos in a ca and s a ten chance you uld haveot someetter inrmatio perha (indisnct chatr) oh, wa for me!

ler: ifou care , (indisnct chatr) thenou are aroup that cane target. youey, if yr kidshing watch tomuch tv, that wou say, f they'ron theirdevicetoog "if yodid th duri a pregncy, f you dot do thi ring preancy..." "i en soon,h thatould cau you duri a pregncy, have a action to thacontent, "i en s tohare it thd cau you ur frien and famy. harris so the you are you're aut to jo a faceok gro. let'say it's "new mo" fabook gro. it wakesp the avar vooo doll rsion ofou, and it ss, "wch of the groups if got you to join them, "would keep yo the the loest, "would be most eaging?" and whato u think one of the most popular groups ? the the loest, anti-vacne " copiracy theories.g?" coler: it is important, regardless of your profession, orour stanng in li, to he the prer infortion so youan make infoed choic. i thineveryoneants knothe trh. narrat: how n you kn whato trust? oneptember1th, 24, i thineveryoneants knothe trh.

a emical ftory expdes in louisna. cial media lights up with videos and commenry, and news sites apparently post reports about the accident. is takes rponsibily a video and locaresident reive textessages out a spading cld ofoxic fum. is takes rponsibily a video the prlem wa therhad beeno explosion. the videos were fake, and so were the news websites that repted it. t it was all a hoaxe, perpetrated by the internet research agency, a russian organization in st. petersburg. the internet research agency employs hundreds of youngussians to seada on thenterne they're dely referredo as tros. e of the tactics is tpre americans sociamedia, gisterg thousas ofew accounts e of the tactics is tpre ing fae informion.ia, though vladimir putin has e

linkinhim to t operati, did s this: peakinrussian) linkinhim to t operati, naator: e of tm, vily beslov, quit, that heould telthe world what wasoing on. (besl) narrat: trol know ho toake advaage of our pchologic vuerabilits. (saking ruian)

narror: onthing they did was create protest events in america. there waan eventn texaswhere m ananti-musm rallie onhe same y, litelly acro the strt om each her. they cated a febook evt and t peopleo like i before y know itthere ar twgroups oreal peoe onof thehings atf onwe bieve m have bes. partf the innt ofrganizin simuaneo rallies sampositeidesace, the strt, waprobablyo attemp to pvoke vionce. d you caback as r ashe spokeword, people he lied, ght? none ofhis is n. what new ithe spee anpace at whi this minformati can spread, e,

anmaliciouattempts by b as at whi this minformati to diberateltrick yo, the hiest art warfare is n to fighat all, at whi this minformati to diberateltrick yo, the hiestbut subvertanythingf e in youenemy's untry. anyte at whi this minformati to diberainst blk,yo, old ainst yog... uhi don'know, wealthy ainst poor, d so on. old ainst yog... doesn'matter along it distbs socie, as lg as it ts the mal fir of a nion, it'good.outsidi th racism a vulnebility in the uted stes thatan be exoited. narrator africaamerican we the gro targetemost by rsian tros in 201 one techque was start makingositive comments abouthe afrin-americ communit w beautil w richmen are, the cuural hisry is. en, oncehe trollccount gains followin th start spping in morent

fosed agnst othe grps of pele. that'shere theots comen. thousas fake soal med accnts run by aomatic comput program po and rept these messes to make look li there's a t u.s. intligence lieves that rsian ants createfacebookroups like bcktivist ich repoed video or anoer, secud borders, which sted anti-immrant mesges. some othe fakeccounts encoae and thenussian-fded medi vered thprotests the go? to makamerican seeach oth as enems.. trustn each oer d in t governmt es down, the goand the abilityn of t cs seeac fear gs up,ms.. john kel: to the arican puic, a sociacohesionttack to trys ere mayba littleedge a piecef histor

uh, inur pas is bei exploit to mak21st-cenry ameri look me like 10s ameri thant oughto. ift is truthat a ssian-crted actist gro indistiuishable fromn, thatill haveegative pacts a ssian-on our ality gro to cate soci movemen th actlly benefit rselves howthatlectoraldshow not man and t some st foreignower. paidor in rues wereoming fr russia? sam neburg: factarel to democcy. whenultimate, our decracy starts tcrumble. chael haen: e americ definition of covt action, ctivitiedesigned to infe, "piticalmilitary or econ "iwhich its inteed "thathe hand of ourov"

that's a perfe definion of whathe russns st did tus. is is thmostucceful covertnfluenceampaign in recded histy. woma hello. day i'm nna be in talking you. about a w technogy memberhen arnget -g out!ere-(laught). there'a bomb ithere. woma deepfa, deepfa, epfake. you'veot to beidding memberhen arnget -g out!ere-(laught). there'a bomb ithere. this is deepfaketoo. i'm noadele, thibut i an exrtoo. onlinmanipution. we're teringn era inhich ournemies n make ilook like aone is sing anytng atny pointn time. but howe move rward inhich ournemies in thege of inrmation is gna be thdifferen betwn whethewe survi orhethere becomeome nd of...stopia. thank u. is gna be thdifferen betwn whethewe survi stayoke, bitches. narror: wh used toake is gna be thdifferen betwn whethewe survi can now happen in minutes using inexpensive ftware.