■x >> in an effort to satiate our needs, we humans are exploiting our planet to the limits. forests are being burned to make way for grazing and farming land, mines are dug in remote areas to extract valuable resources. houses, streets, factories we're building ever more, all at the expense of nature. welcome to global 3000! barely anywhere in the world is the rainforest more under threat than in brazil.

in 2021 alone, around 13,000 km of forest were lost to cattle farms, mines and logging. for brazil's president jair bolsonaro, the rainforests are an exploitable commodity. and its indinous people o arsuffering the most. some indigenous territories in the amazon rainfest are legally protected. but such laws are willfully and systematically ignored. even the threat of force has no effect. our reporter vanessa fischer visited the karipuna people whose fear is palpable. the brazilian state of rondônia, located in the southern amazon. its capital is porto velho, a faceless, concrete city. adriano karipuna is constantly on guard. he says most of his neighbors are suspicious of him, because he's fighting for the cause of an indigenous people.

he moved here from his village seven years ago. now, at the age of 37, he's studying law all in a bid to save his people and his homeland. >> a lot of people in the city think we're out of place here they think we should stay in our villages. but i'm no less indigenous just because i live in the city, or because i'm studying and want to gain knowledge. >> together we head out to the land of the karipuna. the journey by car and boat takes nearly 5 hours. it's been many weeks since adriano has been home. he suddenly receives a message and immediately contacts his lawyer.

>> doutor entrou uma matéria hoje. >> a man appears to have died on karipuna territory and the police are investigating. he was not a member of the community and no one knew him. it's possible he was involved in logging, like many who enter the area illegally. adriano karipuna gathers all the information he can, as it could support his people's ongoing lawsuit against the state of rondônia and the brazilian government. one of those observing the growing conflict is edjales de brito. today he's an independent environmental advisor for members of parliament. but he previously spent several years heading up the local environmental authority. >> a real disaster has been happening in brazil's environmental policy, it's like a demolition, and an orchestrated one at that. it's happening at local, state and federal level and with the involvement of the executive and

legislative powers. just to give you an idea: rondonia's state parliament held a simple vote in the middle of the night, incidentally, voting to massively reduce two protected areas that are strategically important: the jaci parana reserve and the guajara-mirim state park. they didn't seek any expert advice first and there was no public debate. it was just because the two areas were reportedly stopping the expansion of grazing land for cattle. >> the state's highest court ruled that the decision contravened the constitution. but the forest is still being cleared. both areas border on karipuna land. >> this is where our territory begins, on the right-hand side of the river. we'll be in the village in two-and-a-half hours. we pass a number of giant samauma trees. they're known here as the queen

of the forest. the territory of the karipuna covers more than 150 thousand hectares. a handful of families d a host of dogs await o arriv. the karipuna go hunting, conserving the meat with salt and leaving it to dry in the sun. the jaci parana river is a lifeline for the community. at the end of the rainy season, the swollen river offers welcome respite from the heat. relative humidity is nearly 90 percent. all the children attend a single elementary school class. if they want more schooling, they have to move to the city. right now it's time for the manioc harvest, and everyone is involved. the tubers are first soaked in water for 4 days and then pressed to eliminate the toxins. manioc has a sweet-sour smell. each family has its own plot of land and customers in the city. manioc flour is an important

source of income. everyone here is short of money. the process of producing the flour takes many hours. roasting it in the heat is an art in itself. >> >> most brazilians don't care about the indigenous people's fight to survive. so often i hear this incorrect argument that indigenous people own too much land. and what do they need all this land for? and i always say, has anyone thought about why some major landowner has to have so much land? anyone? no one gives it a second thought. >> nearly 14% of brazil's land mass is reserved for indigenous

aalmost wiped out during the. 1970s due to conflicts over land and due to disease. adriano's mother was one of the few to survive. today, katiká karipuna is the matriarchal figure of the community, its cultural and spiritual anchor. adriano says she gives him strength and courage to carry on the struggle. what does she think of the repeated invasions of their land. in the past they used to lie in wait, she says. adriano translates her words from karipuna for us. they defended their land with all means available. now things are different, there are laws which the karipuna abide by. she wishes she could say the

same for the invaders. the next morning, adriano's brother andré offers to show us where the illegal loggers have been at work. everyone's a little apprehensive, they never know what they might encounter. after well over an hour we reach an opening. at first it doesn't look that bad. but in the forest, we find swathes of devastation. during the dry season, the tree trunks are dragged over to the other side of the river. the illegal logging began here just over six months ago. they estimate that around two thousand trees have been felled here so far and the trunks dragged away. the wood such as ipé or garapa fetches a high price, but many of these species are considered at risk.

we are really concerned about the extent of the logging. it is so sad to come to a place like this and see this destruction. are you afraid to come here, i ask? these days we're all afraid just to move around on our own territory. because the invaders often threaten us. how do they threaten you? they issue death threats >> then they discover something else new: >> >> chainsaw chains have been left lying around. batiti karipuna explains that the loggers replace them as they wear down. so it's clear they're now cutting up some of the trunks here. the karipuna suspect the loggers' next step will be to carve up plots of land.

how can land that legally belongs to the karipuna, simply be claimed by others? well first the newcomers register a plot of land online. then while their applications are being checked, they create facts on the ground. more than 80 such applications have been submitted for this area. it's as though it were completely normal to destroy the forest, to make way for grazing land or soy plantations. and so it just continues, and no one is called to account. no one seeks to prosecute these crimes against our national heritage. and for us, that's what this is. but not for these people, they just see the forest as a commodity. we want the forest to stay. >> they report all the violations, chiefly to the funai, the government authority that is supposed to safeguard

the rights of brazil's indigenous population. no one at funai is willing to talk to us. the karipuna say the authority turns a blind eye to what's happening in the amazon. andré karipuna takes us to another part of the forest. we send up a drone to film the area. in the capital porto velho, we have an appointment at the federal prosecutor's office, whose job it is to uphold the constitution. the public prosecutor often acts as a regulator for issues affecting the environment and human rights. we ask her what tools she has at her disposal to stop this destruction. nothing that's quick, she says. lengthy civil cases that drag on for years. and otherwise? we always try to keep pace with these crimes and to expose the criminal structures behind them and to prosecute them.

but there are no state measures that are preventive. is that frustrating, i ask? >> yes, it is frustrating. we have had some successes, like with two of our operations in 2019 and 2020, where we were able to curb illegal activities on indigenous territory flights over the area later showed that the deforestation was reduced. but, new cases keep cropping up. as long as there are no public structures that tackle the problem at the root, all we can do is react. >> adriano is also in the city and has arranged to meet a

close ally. without laura vicuna from the missionary council for indigenous peoples they might already have lost their fight. the council has helped to document all the illegal encroachments of recent years with gps. it's supporting the karipuna's lawsuit. with this legal action against the brazilian government, against the funai authority and against the state of rondonia, the karipuna people are making it clear that there has been enough impunity, violence and violation of rights. the message to the judiciary is, it's time for you to wake up and take action. >> the karipuna are pinning their hopes on this lawsuit, which may have to go through multiple courts. for them, everything is at stake. >> this is where i come from. i am part of the forest... and

all of this here. >> there are billions of buildings on earth and counting. enormous amounts of raw materials are required to construct them including 50 billion tons of sand each year. 2021 saw the production of 4.4 billion tons of cement. sand and cement are key ingredients in the world's most important building material concrete. amazingly, construction materials are rarely recycled when a building is demolished, they end up on the scrap heap. but it doesn't have to be like this. >> >> these german buildings do not only look modern, but they might also pave the way to a circular future. they are built according to the cradle-to-cradle concept. the idea is to replace our cradle to grave economy where

we take make and waste, with a circular one where the products are designed in a way that it's materials can be re-used over and over again. nora sophie griefahn is the founder of the cradle 2 cradle lab. it is an ngo dedicated to spreading circular, regenerative design thinking across industries, politicians, and designers. welcome to the cradle-to-cradle lab. you can come in here. you see from the lambs that they are made of mushroom materials. totally made for biological cycles. nora griefahn's father michael braungart and his colleague william mcdonough developed the concept. they argue everything we build must go to either what they call the biological cycle, or the technical cycle. >> that means the materials used to build the products need

to decompose thus become nutrients for the soil or dismantled to become what they call technical nutrients and reused in other products. here we have a showroom where you can see a lot of products that are builtn a adle-to-cradle way. this flooring, as you can see if i move, i can take it with me. quite cool that you don't need to glue this. it is made out of recycled material gluing in cradle to cradle is not a good idea, because it is then very difficult to disassemble. >> there are a lot of natural alternatives to these products. nora griefhan argues that there are a lot of natural alternatives to most of our commonly used toxic products.

>> this material is quite interesting because you can just take it from the sea, and you do not have to change it a lot. >> so called neptune balls are basically dead see grass that could be collected on shores and used as a high-quality insulation material. we need to change the way we have built their homes for the past decades. >> there are negative mental consequences if we have certain building habits. in the beginning, we had felt that the debt required new knowledges but right now, we have a different problem. >> this is an award-winning architect. mostly known for her sustainable projects like these ones. >> when standardization is being imposed, to not think for yourself and allow local solution, then we must have the courage to question the limits of standardization.

>> and the construction sector is especially standardized, and rigorously conservative. some practices haven't changed in centuries. take concrete for example. it is the second most used material in the world, only after water. if it was a country, it would have been the worlds' third largest carbon polluter, after china and the us. last year we produced 4.4 billion metric tons of concrete. according to un's projections, at this rate, we would be producing enough concrete to build the entire paris on the planet every week for the next 40 years. that is a lot of concrete. and for several reasons, this material is not widely recycled. a big one is standardized bad practices, says marcel ozer, a circular engineer focused on cradle-to-cradle applications in the construction sector. >> if you use gypsum plaster on concrete on a concrete wl,

it's white, it looks good. so, it fulfills the purpose while during usage. but i reduce the quality of the concrete by not being able to use it later >> so gypsum plaster makes the concrete unrecyclable. but a similar looking silicate-based plaster do not affect the reusability of the concrete. or let's look at steel, a universally used material in construction that could have an infinite life cycle. just the simple decision to use bolted connections rather than welded joints would allow the structure to be dismantled, making it easy to reuse the materials. it is all about designing smarter. while these individual solutions are amazingly easy to implement unfortunately, they alone will not be enough to make the construction sector environmentally friendly, says nora griefhan. >> we need the market, we need the politicians, and we need

the society to go for these ideas. and we are already in a stage show where our society sees that we need to do something different. cradle to cradle is not a miraculous idea. it is a guide for us to think and build in cycles. just like nature does. >> recycling agricultural waste what could be more natural than that? it may even offer an alternative to plastic. it's got scientists excited. products like paper made from leaves, and cups made from coffee grounds are already for sale. in switzerland, there's even an idea that could appeal to beer lovers. >> these prototypes may look rather modest and non-descript. but it's what they're made of that's the big deal: they come from the waste products from two breweries in lausanne.

and there's more than enough of these leftovers to go around, says designer noemi niederhauser. >> even small breweries produce a lot of malted residue, the disposal of which they also have to pay for. so the idea is to use this waste and put it back into a circular economy. >> a binding agent is added to the residue left in the tank after the beer is first brewed. once pressed, the material resembles plywood. its color depends on the brewing process used. >> yes, it looks like wood. that was part of my goal: to make something that's reminiscent of material folks are familiar with, even though it's a recycled product. >> but unlike wood, the material can be pressed into pretty much any shape. in june, noemi niederhauser

presented her wastematter project at milan design week. in the house of switzerlan she was one of nine guests invited by the swiss arts council pro helvetia. as different as their products are, they all share the same approach, says the exhibition's organizer marie mayoly. >> through design and with the they bring new ideas. products for the near future. the material made from beer residue is still a niche product. but it has a bright future, like all of the projects on display here. they are very that's also part of our criteria when selecting them, when the jury selects them there is a reality in

which those projects are set. >> lausanne's numerous breweries could provide more than enough raw material for local production, noemi niederhauser says. when scouting for business partners, she shows them what her wastematter can do. >> what i'm presenting are the initial prototypes. i'm showing off the raw material and the shapes that it can be made into. it's meant to spark people's imaginations. now that the development of the material is completed, the prototypes here are really the first stage. >> larger pieces of furniture, like tables and chairs could be next. all made from the leftovers of beer brewing! >> this week we try a tasty street snack from mumbai.

>> in india, you can find delicious food on every street corner for just a few rupees. here in mumbai babloo jaiswal is serving pani poori , his whole family helps to prepare the deep-fried dough balls early in the morning for him to sell in the afternoon. >> i've been making this snack for 13 years. >> on good days he sells up to 4000 pieces. >> the ingredients in my pani poori are a blend of onions, potatoes, green chutney and spices. i use this mixture to make the fried dough balls and serve them with flavored water.

>> pani poori literally translated means water in fried bread, which is where it gets its name. one portion costs 30 rupees, about half a euro. >> it's said that women in particular like the dish because of its sweet and sour aroma and because the spices tingle so nicely on the tongue. >> wherever there's a pani poori stall, there's always a lot of indian women around. i always eat it outside on the street. i love it for its delicious water and the filling. it is healthy and very tasty. >> pani poori is well-known across india, but under slightly different names.

>> that's all from us at global 3000 this week! thanks for joining us. let us know what you thought about the program drop us a line at global3000@dw.com and visit us on facebook too dw global ideas. see you next time take care!

berlin. tonight connie nancy closest has been attacked in her home. police are now investigated if this was a politically motivated crime. also coming up tonight, the world's richest man takes control of twitter. elon musk now calling