narrator: funding for this program was provided by the minerva nolte estate. woman: people are getting water in their he. [man speaking spanish] woman: we need gender equality and we need this reflect in national priorities. man: if you cross the border unlawfully, then we will prosecute you. woman: amid an outcry over the treatment of detained migrant children. man: trump administration's zero tolerance policy and resulting separation of family. woman: the spanish coast guard has rescued more than 200 migrants from the mediterranean sea in the last 24 hours.

man: these moving dots are actually lines of migrants traversing the moroccan forest, waiting for the right time to cross. narrator: around the world, millions of people are fleeing their homes to escape war and persecution, to seek refuge from environmental disasters, or to find better economic opportunities for their families. but watching television reports in the countries that are faced with accepting them, it is clear that new border walls, nationalist policies, and other barriers are actually escalating human tragedy. [people shouting in spanish] narrator: behind the headlines are personal stories about the young migrants who are compelled to flee their homes and keep trying to come. now on "the global mosaic." working on different continents, two filmmakers are documenting human migration. in spain, paula palacios has directed more than

a dozen films about refugees trying to reach europe. [man speaking native language on radio] narrator: in mexico, cinema programmer adriana trujillo makes documentaries about border issues. [man speaking spanish] [mexican music playing] trujillo: we are in tijuana, in the northwest point of mexico, just at the corner of latin america, at the entrance with the united states. here starts one of the longest borders in the world, ending in the gulf of mexico. each year, this border attracts hundreds of thousands of migrants and refuge seekers. men, women, and families fleeing poverty, lack of opportunities, and catastrophic violence in their

communities. all searching for a dream, a utopia, an illusion. in recent years, tens of thousands of migrants from latin america have crossed the border of guatemala into southern mexico. sometimes joining into caravans for safety, they continue on a long and dangerous journey north to the u.s. border. woman: a caravan of thousands of migrants from central america trying to make their way through mexico and head toward the u.s. man: footsore and weary, migrants straggled on under a merciless sun. second man: the caravan began earlier this month in honduras, then plowed through guatemala, now mexico. it's planning to eventually reach the u.s. third man: they've attracted international attention and the anger of president

donald trump. trump: a big, fairly big percentage of those people are criminals. [man speaking spanish] [woman speaking spanish] [man speaking spanish]

[abigail speaking spanish] [victor speaking spanish] palacios: this is what we call the "plastic sea." in the eighties, when spain entered the european union, migrants started coming from the other side of the mediterranean. and they were welcomed here because they helped to expand this area and supply europe with fruits and vegetables.

but for some years, until now, migrants are not so welcomed. grants fininstead a plasc sea, a pstic wall. woman: one of the biggest entryways into europe for migrants and refugees is into spain from morocco. man: you don't think of africa and the eu as having a land border, but that's what this is. narrator: on the coast of morocco is a small body of land that is actually owned by spain. melilla is surrounded by one of the most fortified borders in europe, because it's a preferred route for migrants to smuggle themselves on a ferry to malaga and look for jobs in greenhouses along the spanish coast. man: the biggest wave of refugees imodern history. second man: hundreds of thousands of refugees... third man: css over european borders... first man: ...in overcrowded boats, many drowning along the way. fourth man: some take their chances at the beni ensar crossing between morocco and melilla. authorities use listening

devices to detect the heartbeat of people hiding in vehicles. [palacios speaking spanish] [boy speaking spanish]

palacios: walking between the greenhouses, the toxic smell of fertilizers is nauseating. [man speaking spanish] [palacios speaking spanish] [palacios speaking spanish] [samir speaking spanish] [man speaking spanish] [second man speaking spanish] palacios: some of them do not want to be filmed because they're afraid their families may see the reality they're living here in spain. they normally don't say

the truth. they tell their families that everything is ok, that they ve a job. but for most of them, in approximately 4 months, they haven't worked a single day. boys like samir arrived in spain hoping to start a new life and send money to their families back home. but if they don't find the job by the age of 18, they lose the special benefits provided to minors, and won't have enough to buy food or pay rent. we visited one of samir's friends with a job, who built a shack to live in. samir wants to save up to buy materials for his own shack. man: el salvador has one of the highest murder rates in the world. rival gangs like ms-13 and 18th street have been at war for decades. they work like the mafia, extorting money from local businesses, fighting for territor and kilng

with impunity. second man: with 16 hocides per day, el salvador is the most violent peacetime nation on earth. [man speaks spanish on bullhorn] [second man speaking spanish]

[man speaks spanish on p.a.] [second man speaks spanish on bullhorn] [crowd cheering] [victor speaking spanish] [man speaks spanish on bullhorn] [victor speaking spanish]

[woman speaking spanish] [man speaking spanish] [second man speaking spanish] [bayron speaking spanish]

trujillo: as the caravans reach tijuana, thousands arriving every day, but only a few people were given asylum into u.s. the rest waiting into temporary camps by the border. some tijuana residents don't want them there and tensions grow. [man speaks spanish on bullhorn] [people chanting in spanish] man: this had been brewing for days. it was almost inevitable. second man: hundreds of migrants desperate for entry into america rushed the wall between tijuana and san diego today. woman: more tear gas coming from the u.s. government side,

not the mexico side. there's a lot of people, there was a lot of children. trujillo: victor got detained by mexican pole before reaching tijuana. he was deported to el salvador, along with abigail's family. [palacios speaking spanish] [man speaking spanish] palacios: an aid organization in el ejido works with young migrants under 18 helping them get food, shelter, clothing, and even bicycles. they arranged for a group of spanish students to come meet the north african boys. [boy speaking spanish] [abubaker speaking spanish]

[second boy speaking spanish] [palacios speaking spanish] [abubaker speaking spanish] [boy speaking spanish] [girl speaking spanish] palacio: while the spanish youth is very aware of what's happening in europe and in spain in general, our moroccan boys do not know the surging of the extreme right in

spain, and in el ejido especially, that is working to eradicate completely the arrival of migrants like them. [crowd cheering] woman: europe's nationalist wave has arrived in spain. the vox party secured 12 seats in andalusia, a region with a high rate of both unemployment and migration. man: vox's anti-immigration policies, which include deporting all illegal immigrants and repatriating any immigrant convicted of a crime, clearly resonated with voters. woman: el ejido has become rich thanks to cheap migrant labor. but this does not protect them from animosity. [man speaking spanish] translator: there is a total hypocrisy, because if suddenly migrants returned to their countries, they will have to look for oer workers, because this field nds labor awe have it now. low-skilled labor to be able to ke profits.

trujillo: one year later, victor is living with his parents and 3 siblings in a small town outside the capital of el salvador. he gets temporary work at the local cemetery. i decided to visit him. victor wrote me that he and abigail broke off their relationship. victor: hola, adriana. [trujillo speaking spanish] [victor speaking spanish]

[trujillo speaking spanish]

[victospeaking spanish] [man speaking arabic] [palacios speaking arabic] [samir speaking spanish] [palacios speaking spanish] [samir speaking spanish] [boy speaking foreign language] [palacios speaking spanish]

[samir speaking spanish] [laughter, indistinct chatter] palacios: sometimes i wonder what we have done wrong, because for many years we have exploited their resources in africa, making them flee. and they were welcomed here because they helped us to develop our countries. but now we don't need them anymore. and even though we continue to exploit their countries and their

resources, they're not welcome anymore. [speaking spanish] [abubaker speaking spanish] [camera's shutter clicking] [speaking spanish] [palacios speaking spanish] [boy speaking spanish]

[trujillo speaking spanish] [victor speaking spanish]

trump:ho's gonna pay for the wall? crowd: mexico! man: it's the touchstone of trumpism, and president trump is pressing on. construction has not slowed during the coronavirus pandemic. second man: mr. trump also announced that the u.s. can't accept any asylum seekers or undocumented immigrants at the southern border because, quote, our country is full. third man: so, what have economists learned about the impact of immigration? well, when we talk about the economy as a whole, it's pretty good news. one report found that an extra 1% increase in a country's migrant population adds on an extra 2% gdp per capita in the long term. fourth man: foreign labor, mostly migrant workers, filled more than a quarter million jobs in the u.s. harvest season

is here but there are not enough workers. trujillo: during the trump administration, the u.s. government had to spend billions of dollars trying to protect the borders from migrants coming from mexico and central america. but it seems no border can stop the flow of human migration. the reasons are many. but through this journey, we have realized that the lack of opportunities, corrupt governments, and violence are the major factors. to face this problem, the united states and europe have to look at their own histories and see how they helped to create this mass exodus.

[palacios speaking arabic] samir: [indistinct] [palacios speaking spanish] [samir speaking spanish] palacios: months later, i calledamir. he finally got a job harvesting tomatoes for 37 euros a day. in order to stay in spain, he's saving to buy a work contract with the grower, more than 5,000 euros. [speaking spanish] palacios: after 10 years on the contract, samir can get a spanish passport. then he wants to travel to america. naator: funding for this progm was provided by the minerva nolte estate. @#q■x■x

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