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i dithe totaopposite ju by misiormation he wasoing to ve or didn't knor gettman: myob is torite abouthe e plan thatakes off and ows up m-ai, and kis a hundd people ndra sheleworth bannah itppeared at was saf when i s a kid thant is now yuri bmenov: exposu to tr infortion does notatter anore. ron shockman wee create th problem, we've so creat the solion. th're justiving tother, and wean't tel'em apar sawineburg the ternet changeeverythi. this is mething at has never,ver occued

in theistory of theuman rac naator: ery day, er a bilon peoplgo onlin to fd informion. the ti that hun beings spent

isime thats being boughts taand th's the melwtgs spent tof the iernet.. the mo powerfuplaces are run ad sas. narrator: the more you cck, the longer you're on theirlatform, the mo money ty make. while ople tur toocial mea for ne, atforms e not degned togive yo highrofi tech inders ve raisea red fl say thasocial mia plforms ardesigned hook o an parke th thoughtrocess was all out, w do we nsume as much yr time and consous atteion possibl it a sociavalidati feback loo because u're expiting a vulnability it a sociavalidati human pchology. so programrs call ing "brainacking," it a sociavalidati and e tech wld wod probab prefer so programrs call ing you dn't heaabout it naator: was hapning for ars

before a few engineers blew thehistle. thishing is slotachine. naator: was hapning for ars ery time checky phon before a few engineers blew thehistle. i'playing slot mhine see, wh did i g? this is onway to hijack people minds toor. whatou do, iyou maket so wn someonpulls a ver, sometimethey get reward, an . and it turns o that this dign techque can be eedded inde ofll theseroducts. derson cper: do you tnk parentst undersnd the cplexitie of whatheir ds ardealing th wh they'reealing with theirhone, deing withpps ansocial mia? no, and i thk th is rlly impoant. your tephone ithe 1970 didn'tave a thsand engeers on thether sid ofhe telepne whare redegning itto work e and en upding the y your telhone word ery day wha to be reing itto work e d more psuasive. and en upding the y youth was notrued the 197. (notificatiodings) rrator:the infite scrol keepusers ononger. sear enb are so schemg keep u engage

trisn harris wh you hitlay that yoube vide what aually ppens is thait wakesp little atar vood doll version you inde a gooe server somewr baseon all yr clicks baseon all yr likes, baseon g u've wated. all th ok and a moret makinghil d more le you. we jt have tmanipula the vooo doll. we tt a buncof video on ', and weay, narr thatas viewese ov a bilon times" charli that rely hurt. narr thatas viewese ov a b(laughimes" chlie bit . u start e video, and th e at timer but 's only, like, ve g for the next one to begin. it'll be something that you're interested in cause thsoftware is sdo ou'll li this on " anwe'll pl it nexto, and yodon't have any time to click out. ou'-hey, rois on " anwe'l-heybillnexto, the ne time yolook up, it's , twentyinutes ler, hour lar, and all yomeant too s just cck one tng.

i ve throwmy pho in the woo before, buthen immedialytoo s justraafter itng. becae i was ke,"wait, seone's i ve throwmy pho gonna ca me soon so..., recoendationngines c be consd incrse peopls likeliod buthen immedialytoo s ju an addtion.ng. encounting more extrem. recoendationngines c be consd incrse peopls likeliod buthen immedialytoo s olence, xuality,. encounting more extrem. other nds of mia conte. (honking) naator:on yoube, extrem. if you d a searcabout dis, other nds of mia conte. you'be recomnded anorexia videos, because ose woulbe morelikely. if you d a searcabout dis, other nds of mia conte. if y were wahing a news clip about 9/11, itould recmend nspiracyideos xt. and now that you've been identified by the algorithm as someone interested in conspiracies, an youtube's recommdations i would begin to feed yothm an endless supply of conspiracvide.

some of ese conspiracies and hoes reach surprisily wide dience. you mathink it sounds azy, but in 2017,housands if notillions people you mastill lieve the worlis flat.y, and e numb of peop whthink sos growin narror: with ovea billiohours wahed dailon youtube, over 70% are from the recommendations. most people don't realize this whenhoosing give their ds a cl phon why do youll need cell phones? -safety. -emergency. -safety! -educatio. valeriziegler: the seco i finisa sentence and i'm giving a lecture, they're on their phones. they can't even have that separation r that fe second for me to ke a breh. or, ifhey're ia group and , th're on tir phone for me to ke a breh. have you ever watched teenager scrolln ? ey do ito quickl that iarely sea studenstop and readhe capon. theye just solling. if t, ey'll wah the vio fomaybe twseconds,

i would y probabng. if t, % of their day 's whai would ll, kind of,onsense. i would y probabng. if t, peop would tt each oth, anth'd be rit next to each her, and didn't uerstand , bui was li, "i gue that's at should bdoing, t?" i use myhone sixours peday on social dia. gi: i prably spe, ke, threish hour on my one a da like, r enteainmen it waslike, eight hos a day. on my one a da litas, likehorrible it was aays snapchat day is apecial d cause mend my be friend, , hit thousanday snchat strk on snahat. egler: ur "stre" onnapchat. you go lon wiout postg somethg, en you le your seak, have em a t their ones ay.at. "b what abt my strk?" egler: think it chang the retionshipstudentsave withach othe ds in hi school intents th are fal. they sead e rumors to makfu.

narrator schoolights like ts are shing up onocial . itas already a an enougtime going a middlschool d high sool ba in the y. now row gasone the fir and throa phone there. now row gasone e bullyingoesn't stop when thgog around,gs. when r safriday nht, d then or the weend, kids d't have ability to esce. when y're on sial mea the subjt still ps up. shane ss: at youould nev say toomebody ce-to-ce. thin like, " kill yoself. "you suld justo die." we've d a numb ofoung peoe, midd school e, gh schooage, commituicide here idurang 's happed y too ma times. renehobbs: 're all nsitive emotion

mans a hardwir pay aention tmessages that cree strongmotion. fr fear toust pay aention tmessages to dire to he. jestin coler: e fa news stuf th i was dng is was jt somethg i s doing the sid as allenontgomer myseudonym, wi some frnds at i kneonline. it was tally jusfor fun. i s doing the sid as allenontgomer myseudonym, wi some frnds at i kneonline. weere, i gss, trollsin a lotf sense. you knowreally jt shing buons. i bought all the domains that were, like, newyorimes.com.co, washingtonpost.com.co. once we arted to getraction, then advertisersame tos. and th before u kn it, the paf money toe made he. "why d't we st see wh we can "as r as dring traff, st getti engagemt, "just wahing tho pa views gw."

ything tt you camask behind atudy is grea for exame, like,say thato, d i camelong and said, "you know what ce cre is badfor yourea" yowouldn'tike thattory. u'd be, ke, "younow wh?, i'not goa read tt story. "that sa somethi t if irote a sry that sa th if u have i cream every daof your fe, the en it's ke,ive 2 h, yeah. see? "i kw i was ght abt at ice cam thing "i gonna e ice cre. m goa eat scoops ice cre nd live yrs longe" narrat: scieists s that' for whatou already belve, wher anyou ignore or raonalize dise l of us it. each user is traed, our clks record,

peopleant to bieve at they' right ou to a wor of our n,f us sepate from shared rlity.g d if ty see sothing that conrms theiworldvie they wl share . narrator disinfmation spreadfurtheand faer when it makes us afraid or angry. a peresear center surv shd at a majity of aricans ve sharefalse inrmation. some tech desi hassurv shd made thieasier tn ever. twter's reeet buon ts shari informaon, true or fae,

sa that itas s ike handg a fourear-old a " at creed theetweetutton coler:f you'recrolling throd anyou happen to landupon t, coler:f you'recrolling throd we wanyou to cck on it all youfriends.hat youadt andwhe if i glower on the binstem tget you, win, butt doesn'end up a worlde want tlive in.t, appealso the wot of han natur it's liktaking all of o hate... appealso the wot of han natur -mm-hm -...and our ar, fanning e anger, fanninr r cor: thatin turn, sellmo, ans againsthem. which leads toore prof r theiinvestor mariressa: e world ise and lled apa, and t, peopldon't kn theye being nipulate d it oft starts innonys on the w, it then moves in closedor semi-, it tn moves to conspacy mmunitieonline,

it then moves in closedor semi-, ithen moveinto mor tradand en, unfounately,ces, so this is one of the paradoxes of the information revolution. we thought that it would mean more information, beer reseah, re accesto facts betteremocracy of theost sharsi ne stories narrat: the on facook in 29. if you h kids orou knew so, ismay be iour neigorhood." felt li the artle s meant r you.so theey pe it's t immedia. sod my famy, isan immedte th's what care aut. heline wrirs kn this initivel narrat: the st was sred hundre of thounds of tes, even though it was written for residents of a small town in texas. and we'rmore aaidfraid to , let the in these unown plas. blackm: ali knew w, come hombefore the stet lightcome up.

in thi had frdom.as. kids n't havehat freem. weon't all that eedom in thi had frdom.as. becausit's jusout of fr at sometng couldappen to theright no one of the great ironies about the present sand: it aeared th itas saferhen i waa kid is that just as we have been getting safer and safer, parents are more and re vigilt abouthe safe ofheir chiren, somemes far above the tual s where t dangers l. we're frile creares, we're vulnerle. thin can go wrg. itakes sense that our emions wou be tune to thingthat go wrong mo than thgs th can go ght.

narrator that called ounegativi bias, where negative things have a bigger impact on how we feel and behave than positive things. i genuely belied itas unsafto vaccite. i wouldn't even consider injecting my children with anything, becausi felt tt would cse damag and harmo my chiren. i didn know eier way, so i wt to thenternet to google and trd i get infmation.ay, thisuy, andr wakefie, dr. andrew wakefield, got published in lancet, which is a very prestigious , at he'found thisinkn e mmr 's a dilma.utism. the mmvaccinewill proct you agnst meass, mps anrubell t today,uestions about n resear published tod suests mmraccinati

uld be lked to a newide effe, a combation of bowel disea and aism. thatutism li ithe ing th scared the mos e was rely adamt about . it was,no way a we vacnating o kids!" okay, yoknow, so get l this iormation , yeah,a joint cisi. vaines arearmful, so le. ingingndistincy) inda: ya -clafor me. linda:we went a chr we had great te.day. monday mning, alah woke with oneide of his fe hangin "oh, my god, has he had a brain tumor? so iook him the gp, d the gpaid, "hs got be's palsy which isaralysis of theaci, whicusually st goeson one .

ere's noing you ed too out it there's nothing we can do about it. it just needs to ta, a ne day,kes he wasetting wse..nd th that nig he stard bite hitongue. now beuse alij's born withpe, he wasetries)wse..nd th it was vy hard f us to get h to expln what wasoing on, to telus what s happeng. lind oh, i s. ere doest hurt? he had shod me in e weeken a lile cut uer his ft. which ishe chiren's hosp. so i toohim to srship, and on tt thursd afterno, his jaw arted to lock . soate, 10: at nigh a w doctorame on, anlooked ahim and id, his jaw arted to lock . wonder it's tetanu"

and i sa, "ie had thsame thoht." you wikedia tetus, thpicture a guy and his ole bodys arched lia: so t nerves arbeid and seing wronsignals to t br, d the brn then rcts arbeid by spasmg muscle and ose muscs spasms arson yocan breayour bon and erything and athe same me, yo jaw's lked up cpletely, and ose muscs spasms arson yocan breayour bon so it restricts your airways. and that's one of the reasons people die of it, is because they strangle you. all night, he was cramping every three minutes, and i kept pushing the emergency bell. i said, ou've go to ce and he me. is is noright." was bitg his toue,ng theeding dn,y bell. lookeat me anhe goe "mthworst thg ever," and ws beuse i codn't savhi there s nothini could .

theyaid the ly way to alliate hisain to put him into ca. we said odbye toim, becauswe nevernew th said, "we thk he nee to be in a ca foa long te,. "so weant to d a trheostomy "becauset's bett fohis vocacords," "so weant to d d all sos of this. ian: e spasms weretill, but at least he wasn't conscious of the pain anymore. in 1998, dr. andrew wakefield published a report suggting tha there s a link in betwn e mmr vainewakefield publd autismreport rll, dr. kefield, it hasw puic, and mning. was gnn us absoluty fraulent dat he creed a fake per. some lauits.

rrator:though wefield's papd the medal journ thatad published i itave bih to a mern anti-vacnation mement among pants. many cse not to ccinate their. e probm was, it start a firesrm, itave bih to a mern anti-vacnation mement among pants. an fo childrewere killed t uni. by measl virus, a vis that cld hav be safely an fand ealy preveedlled t uni. vaccinaons.s, yocould are that at paperilled fo children. lia: we dn't know whet. gointo live die. oh, watcout for ur toes. linda:lijah'going for his rst walk i thought that i hthe biggest safety ki could give my child was to n vaccina him.i would enm from gting autm brain dage,

orny of thother thgs at we re about on the iernet was to n vaccina him.i would enm from gting autm by not vcinating thought at was t safest. was to n vaccina him.i would enm from gting autm t i realed thereg th that wa thmost unse thing i co. thought at was t safest. e safesthing i coulhave don was to iunize myhild ia so alij having walk pt of theospital, learni to walkgain, and doinhis favote thingin all , which chang birdies with mom's help. learni to walkgain, linda: e guilt d the shein all , at we we throu d for mepersonal, stl going through, learni to walkgain, linda: e guilt d the shein all , atwas immee.ou and itas very vious en your n's in aoma and s a ten chance yocould ha got so better formatio perps (indisnct chatr) oh, wa for me!

ler: ifou care , (indisnct chatr) thenou are group that c be targed. you coulwrite something tha, thenoey, if yr kids watch tomuch tv, that c be targed. yof they'ron theirdevicetoog "if yodid th duri a pregncy, f you dot do thi ring preancy..." "i th soon,h duri a pregncy, that cld causeou have a action to thacontent, "i th s tohare it th ur frien and famy. that cld causeou harris so the you are you're aut to jo a faceok gro. let'say it's "new mo" fabook gro. it wakesp the avar vooo doll rsion ofou, and it ss, "wch of the groups if got you to join them, "would keep yo the the loest, "would be mostngaging? and wh do u think one of the anti-vacnear grou copiracy theories. coler: it is important, regardless of your profession, orour stanng in li, to he the prer infortion so youan make infoed choic. i thineveryoneants know the trh. narrat: how n you kn whato trust? oneptember1th, 24, i thineveryoneants know the trh.

a emical ftory expdes in louisna. cial media lights up with videos and commenry, and news sites apparently post reports about the accident. is takes rponsibily a video and locaresident reive textessages out a spading cld ofoxic fum. is takes rponsibily a video the prlem wa therhad beeno explosion. the videos were fake, d so were the news websites that reported . it was all a hoax perpetrated by the internet research agency, a russian organization in st. petersburg. the internet research agency employs hundreds of you russian topread prrussian ananti-amecan praganda the internet research agency on thenterneundreds they'rwidely referredo as tros. onof theiractics is to etend toe americanon sociamedia, gisting thounds new accounts onof theiractics is to etend toe am ing fae informion., though vladimir putin has e

linkinhim to t operati, did s this: peakg russia linkinhim to t operati, naator: e of tm, vily beslov, quit, that heould telthe world what wasoing on. (beslov speang russi) narrat: trol know ho toake advaage of oursychologal lnerabilies. (saking ruian)

narror: onthing they did was create protest events in america. there waan eventn texaswhere m ananti-musm rallie onhe same y, litelly acro the strt om each her. they cated a febook evt and t peopleo like i before y know itthere ar twgroups oreal peoe in a ten face-of on street rnern texas. befoonof the thingthatar weelieve m have bee partf the innt of oanizing simulteo, sa day, sa place, positeidesng simulteo, the strt, waprobablyo attemp to pvoke vionce. d you caback as r ashe spokeword, people he lied, ght? none ofhis is n. what new ithe spee anpace at whi this minformati can spread, e,

anmaliciouattemp byad actor to diberateltrick yo the hiest art warfa is n to fighat all, the hibut subvertanythingf e in youenemy's untry. anyte ainst blk, old ainst yog... uhi don'know, wealthy ainst poor, d so on. old ainst yog... doesn'matter along it distbs socie, as lg as it ts the mal fir of a nion, it'good.outsidi th racism a vulnebility in the uted stes thatan be exoited. narrator africaamerican we the gro targetemost by rsian tros in 201 one techque was start makingositive comments abouthe afrin-americ communit w beautilhow richen the ltur. then, on the tro account gai, ey startlipping mo and mortoxic coent

fosed agnst othe grps of pele. that'shere theots comen. thounds fake soal mediaccous run by aomatic comput program po and rept these messes to make look li there's a t u.s. intligence lieves that rsian ants createfacebookroups like bcktivist ich repoed video or anoer, secud boers, which sted anti-immrant mesges. some othe fakeccounts encoae and thenussian-fded medi vered thprotests the go? to makamerican seeach oth as enems.. trustn each oer and in t governmt es down, the go? to makamerican seeac fear gs up,ms.. trustn each oer anand the ability of t cs es down, john kel: u could ink of ts as social hesion aack ere mayba littleedgesinto th, a piecef histor

uh, inur pas is bei exploit to me 21st-ctury ameca loi indisnguishabmeri a r fr an ameran-creatroup actist group thatill haveegative pacts on our ality to cate soci movemen th actlly benefit rselves howth elector adsmehow not n and t some st foreignower. paid for in bles wereoming fr russia? sam neburg: factarel to democcy. whenultimate, our decracy starts tcrumble. chael haen: e americ definition of , olitical, milita tor enomic evtsn, "iwhich its inteed "thathe hand of ourov"

that's a perfe definion of whathe russns st did tus. is is thmostucceful covertnfluenceampaign in rorded hiory. woma hello. day i'm nna be intalking youy. about a w technogy memberhen arnget -g out!ere famouseo. there'a-(laught)ere. won: deepke, deepke, deepfake you'veot to beidding this is deepfaketoo. i'm noadele, thibut i an exrtoo. onlinmanipution. we're teringn era inhich ournemies n make ilook likenyone isaying anhing any poi in time but howe move rward in thege of inrmation is gna be thdifferen betwn whethewe survi orhethere becomeome nd of...stopia. thank u. is gna be thdifferen betwn whethewe survi st woke, bches. narror: wh used toake is gna be thdifferen betwn whethewe survi can now happen in minutes using inexpensive ftware.