(wind whistling) - we've en doing th for milnnia.

when i s millenn, that mns more an one. westernoncept o conservation is that old. (soft music) people like muir and these other consertionists leold, they just thoht nobodyived out here, a ldernessa wildness. th's not te. we've en in th rt of thcountry r thousas of thousas of yea. we know w to mane tural reurces, anwe need talabout it we need e true histy of ameca. (st orchesal music - we lookt the quanry th we findurselvesn today thughout t west, we have er increasing size and scale and intensity of wildfire. humans have excluded fire from this natural system and ha creatednnatal conditns as a sult. fire is our lation, d we need to work with fire. - indigeus people ofhis couny foa very lg time, ey've been maging e land,

usg cultur indicator using cuural knoedge, usg traditnastories, ing presibed fir using at they ow is good forheir plas. (st orchtral mus) (bird whtling) - rt of wh's wrong wi america ishat peop don't understand tt these rests that theaspire tpre-euroan were reay a result of nate americs... derstandg thnatural cleshat occuout ther (st orchesal music (buffaloerd rumbng) - as far aindianeople, buffalin all tir histo, ey were r econom they wereur food,ur clothg. then kled to nr extincon. soringing ese anims ba, not on are thehealthy

foeating b also for our irituali d a big rt of ouculture, justaking ushole aga. 's a healing ithat waylso. (st orchesal mic) - part owhat the dn't undstand, the origal english pedition was thathat theyere loing atas in nare. it's nature in relationship with humans over 1,000 years. [leaf] t facthat we're still re todayn any rm... is testament to aptati and rilience. rickets irping)

- my namis micha kotutwa hnson. i'm a mber of e hopiribe. 're locad up inorthern izona about 90iles rtheast flagsta. we livin what ey ll a semarid clite. it'sight in e middle a big dught perd, whathey callxtreme dught. afr my grafather psed away, i arted geing seed om diffent peoplout here, ani starteplanting. then what did was oped up mo fields, becausi wantedo plant re and inease theupply of corn at we ha and yocan see. me of oubeans that iad plant... are ing pret good do here. they're stting t me up prty good. the are caed hatic they're own limaeans.

sohey're dng prettgood. ey look etty strg, 'cause tre's so ch moture in e ground irrigatn, folks oft instmental mic) d you casee in ctain spo e corn istartingo come up from out a fo depth. so in abt a week, these ll reallbe showi ally gd here. yoknow whai mean? ally goo it's good datoday, becausyou can e fr these ltle ones theye got lile dew drs on them ght here the are ouchildren the hopway thes arour chilen. sooday it'a good d, beuse i'a daddy. (laughing) (soft instrumental music) (birds chirps) (metal clinking) i've had my own problems in my life like everybody else.

alcol was mychilles el for t longestime, and found way to.. dispose of tha but found a y out here to al with at. when i w little y, beg droppeoff out re spding somsummers t here wh my grafather, i learned a lot. but as i got older and i went through all my lifecycle and all my drinking and stuff, i was able to come out of that. and only came out of that because i got back into what i really love and enjoy. and i feel like a lot of people out here, if they would get back into farming and learn from this, they wouldn't have near as big of a problem out here. (soft instrumental music) traditiotells us that wmust havcorn. corn habeen theain stapleor the hopi ople. yohave to ve three year supply corn.

threyears'upply oforn, becaususually drought lastabout three year and wee had so droughtsut here. the adition s that thr fatheras a farr, anhe wouldake the kidsrow up fming. starthem hoeg, plantg with a pnting stk. and ery kid ew up on e farm. today,o kid grs up on farm, cause thr parent stped farmg. you don'tarm and grow yr food, u lose yr independen. but you're rming an growing ur own fd, u don't ed the gernment. - the hopi farming, to me, the destruction, in just looking back at our history, was just the introduction of cattle. the federal government came in,

and they thought that we could use these cattle and as a way to... do better. what it started to do by bringing in these livestock animals, it started bringing in the concept of what they call privatization. so people felt like they owned it. it wasn't shared as readily as you would a crop, and therefore you had a concept of privatization, which, in my mind, broke down a lot of our society, a lot of our community bonds with each other. in a drought year like we've had the last two years, there's no way they can survive, so you wind up just drastically cutting back their herds, people selling their cattle. i'm out here just trying to not change the system, but i'm trying to hold on to the system that's been existing for over 2,000 years and to encourage people to ep farming. (criets chirng) so these are just some of the varieties that we raise. i uld haveo say th is pbably amica's origin sweet rn variety here,

cause th type ofeed is wt theyould fin inome ofhese prehistoc dwellis. is is a d variy. d this ia purple ke a viot variet the are ju our blu cornarietiesere. we cate abou42 diffent tys of dhes fromopi corn everythi from puings to ups. this iour blood a lot of ws. this who we e. en i wast cornell univerty, when talked out my cn, theyaid that need 33 ches of annual raiall a ye. okay? ey're plting depths we an inc our planng depths, becau the wayur corn , becae that'shere the moture iat, cagonywhere om twfeet allhe way u ov time, ty've adaed. they havwhat the ca a growi region called an epicotyl it's the initial growing point comes out, and it's elongated. it has an elongated epicotyl, so it comes up from that. whereas in hybrid corn, it only about obably aut an inchrowi region. ou is aboutwo feet it can pbably goonger.

i woulimagine i put it dn four ft, it wou still ce up. (bns rattlg) oft instmental mic) dry nd farmi ans thatasically u don'use irrition. we don'telieve iirrigati. at's whyhese varties are droug-toleran because don't irrate. yocan see me of thbeans thatre startg to pop uout here theswhite ma beans (diggi) werelearing down to where gets moture fiveima beaneeds in the or so. these e like ser seeds yoknow? ey've ve tough. they'rlike us,nd so, because ey're li us, they svive le us. limid amountf water, a lot nurturi, a lot ofaring, a t of comnity buiing. thiss about foot. nvention agriculre goes to abt right re.

at's whayour plaer is desied to goown an ih. that'st. igging) our rly cornwe put iearly to coiide with our ho dances. at'd be eet corn, yell rn, diffent variies. we d't get a rains he all e way fr usually om april all thway tillhe monso, whh is theast weekn july. r us to ow thing with onlsix to 1inches ofnnual pripitatio is azing. (st music) this year i t in abo six differt variets of cor you'veot to gr them outvery yea u try too at lea one w out evy year, because e climatchanges, and so, less youo that, the plantson'tdapt, they won't change. and when we're going through climate change

throughout the globe, we need to have that biodiversity, beuse biodersity can react and can adapt, just le we shod, but th know hoto do th. those lile seedlgs kn how to that. we ahuman begs are foetting h tdo that. these are the new generation. these have been geared to adapt to what they call climate change. (soft strument music) (riv babblin (speakinin karukanguage) - is rightere is ourountry. is is whe we were borand rais, just le our lo ago peop were.

our region is surviv in thisla. lingn this pce for countlesgeneratis, thousandf years. it'sard to s it's aeligion. 's rlly manament practices that have evolved in this place to survive. and fire, in our creation stories, the's alwa a recogtion that firhas alwa been he, it'slways be a parof us. (soft instmental music - the ruk peop have lid re for tusands oyears. and acor for nave peoplhere were staple their le... of theiriet, thatas deer at and all of theselants that areround us thatield difrent edie sources roughouthe year. in ordeto have ose sources a predictableime, a prediable quaity, in aredictab area, you need to have handle manipulang that getation

to inhit the pnts you didn want the and to eourage a sically rtilize thplants tt you did nt there a lot the burng d been de by women from awo mile dius around t villageite. and that was to produce a fine grain mosaic being oak woodlands and grasslands. - they put fire on the ground, underneath the trees to burn up old acorns and leaves and duff to make it easier to pick the acorns when they fall. so that oke, putng that smokup into e cano... supprees the bs. what tse women essentiallwere doi besides hancing od sources,asketry sources, all the ings tha yoneeded tsurvive,

athe same me, they re elimiting the risk wildfirto eir commities. fis don't rn in thblack, whe fire h alreadyeen. that's h you putut fis with bkfires. wh a wild re ts it, igoes out cause it runs t of fue wh you have is constt, regular,ow intenty fire ing put the lancape at ts communy scale, not refighti force, noanybody gog out there fight fe. nobody w fighting anhing. ey were rking wi fire tonhanceesourcesnd prt their mmunity. omber muc) - fire suppression a exclusion with first colonizion, diseases that demated native populations, that limited severely there number of ignitions

and the complexity of their stewardship anagroforery syems arou fire us and thenou h settlemt, whethethere wa rect displacemt, nave peoplbeing moved out their vlages, put reservaons and otherancheri. thenou hadhe dtruction of tt cultur fire reme. d then flowing tt inial peri of colonizaon, th there w a very strg emphas on sessing a fires. ether th were lightning orhey wererson orn-permitd ignitis, theyere to b suppress in the terest of timberesourceand prottionf communities. (somr music) - [leaf]uppressi ldfire oany fire waa real a policmande of tse early fit rangerhere. theyrrested ople, put pelen jail. sohose ceronial prtices, t ritual re thatas pt of ournnual worlrenewal remony was outlawed and people were put in jail for it. (spirited music)

- [narrator] wood for war! the navy nee wood. ey air fces needood for oop-caying glirs. we a need ouforests, but thforest he a cious publ enemy nber one! fire, ruless, destating rest fir pingut home,estroyin itical w materia, takingts annuatoll of ves! [leaf] whave 100 years scaringeople out the il effec of fi and howire is el. smey bear,ne of thmost effectivpropagan campaigns thathe world has er known, has ne such good job instillg fear ofire inhe generalopulace. - eaf] andow you have conditi where essentily haven had fir d then wh increang clatic condition temperares, denfication and bud up a fls,

drout stress, high fueload, verdry fore, we seeany conditio in the st and rticular in calirnia and soutest oreg that nowe're sayg we're hang catastrhic fire fires tt are laer inxtent ansevety, more extensi andore damang thanas ever en in record histor but it's all built around fighting. fighting fire, it's not a fighyou can n, and it's not something that people should be trying to fight. how can we engage with fire? how can we embrace fire as a partner? because that's what it is. it's the best partner we have. lunking) (chatterg)

- my gndfatherhe uld kindf know, h, i feelike i'monna burnoday. iteels rig." i remeer as a d growinup d being ke, "is today good burday?" and 'd be li, "no, it'too wet, or like,no, not t." and en he'd art feelg like youould jus.. he'd gout and 'd be li, think tay's a go burn da" and he'do out an 'd light fire. and thenometimest wouldn go how wante so he'stop. and en he'd back in a f more ys, maybe tried ain, and maybit was gd, so he'go for i (light instrumental music) this is the panamnik tishawnik village area. we swim here. we fish here. we... we gather here cemonially for the deerskin dances, for all the her dances

that we' all kind of co to our ole live and this is alon your nd when youe standi just in ts one sp. (lauing) (fircracklin traditiolly, thiplace wod have bn burned. for ny reaso, for gaering, fobasket wving materis, cultul reason the larr pictur theountry tay, th a lotf these rger wifires haening, yocan use ltal knowlge torive a l of thes manament praices th tie dirtly into ptectn and wildre instaes. ere's lot of historin the places, and thers a lot of htory in aces for my fily as wl. myister lis he athe end othe road theame resince where grandmaas raise and her parents lived.

i know that people on this lane, especially, are really excited for the burning to happen, because they did experience the dance fire back in 2013. i was my sister's hse when t fire stted. weere crking acos her ling room d as sooas i wald ouon the pch, there s just le this wl flames ross thetreet. and it was already in the canopies of all the doug firs across the strt. (sombemusic) - was suca terrib year. we h like haly any rn, no snow g time bore. it justook off.t came strght at o house. th little tty bit clead land rht here ishat stopd the fi from takingll thesether house a lot of people were like, "dang, if you guys hadn't cleared your property out before the fire it probably would've lost the whole neighborhood. and so wwere like we we reallyucky beuse the ibe help do thatt the ti too, herwise woun't haveeen le to dot by ourlves, becae i was ke nine mons pregna

when we ught the property(chuckle wasn't mh help t anybody athe tim so it'really gd to see contlled bur. anthen, ye, one cr can take ce of a wle area, versusaving anrmy firefigers comi, ghting aire. mean, wh it ge to thatoint, yes, we tta do, buyou don'need to t it geto that pnt. (fircracklin peonally, i'a clical socl worker and lot of wt i dealith with a l of nati people, we have a lot of trauma. we have really high rates of suide and dression, ana lot ofhat has do wh the diuption ofur culre and o relions and r way living. and a loof our proble that weave withhe weath and clite change and erythin isecause othe sameisruptio thsame disption of trng to ma somethi fit a ceain kindf box. and i ink that how a lot ofestern ctures have bn with non-weern cultes,

ani thinthat's h they've kindf been wh nature d so i tnk it's me to to len from eh othe d meld bter and w to eacother's owledge in cerin areas iver bbling) - we useire for lot things ceremon crting a rple thatalls the saon up thriver. the p of bla mountai that wou burn of it dras into t ca creek wershed. and so at that time of year, you're kind of at one of the warmest periods for the river temperatures, and so when you burn off the understory and the all plan, you no longer have things using that surface water, so you have more cold water groundwater inputs into your streams. the smoke in the air reduces the heat,

the radiant heat from the sun on the water, and so that contributes to colder temperatures inhe rivers well. anso just ese littleinute anges thatappened sed on the han activy inhis cereny of lighng that untain tually h scientically valiconnectis to calng the fi up ththe ver. (soft muc) - oureligione prtice is c-ya-wis tranated as orld renal". so the karuk people were fix-the-world people. toda we're gonnao down a we're gna fish in ishpishi fas. it's vy... it's vy romantic i so people'eyes, very fstratingnd other. i'm bo of thos i lovet, that' my way olife, but thhealth othe rive runs parlel withhe alth of e people we need to p to acti, the phical actns on t landsca.

we've t to srt cleaninghe sacretrails. d cleani the fore once agn. evything wdon our wod e salmonenefits om. (st orchestr music) - so in our ibal cerony is to x the worl it's notusto xed thisreek or fixur famy or fixur river we want fix thehole wor, beuse if tngs are ong here th're wronon the other si of the rld too. that's jt the wathe world rks onhe balce. so iour trib we knewhat in f the wor ceremon piya-wis even a all grou of pple withreat eney, greafocus anpure tught

caactuallyrigger the wod, the eth, and put back onts balan. (fire ackling) ind whising) (chanting in foreign language) (steady drumming) (crowdheering)

alm musi (wind llowing) - so wve broug buffalo ck here blackfe. i thinin 1974,e stted to restore imals ba to here - so wve broug buffalo anthere wa't a reabig... intest, and guess becausbuffalo d been ge fr our culre for slong,

being alst hunte to near extinction. so the biggest par why oureople... ha never sn them. softer thewere kild to neaexnction, king wayor cattlfor this couny, thingwere los our ngge, our y of relion... long land. ese anims here are my psion, inging tse animalsack anreturninthat part oour culte. myame is ein carls, and m a memb of the blkfeet naon anpresidenof the tertribabuffalcounci i'm here today to respectfully urge passage of h.r. 5153, the indian buffalo manament a, to cate a peanent tribaluffalo storatioand manament proam with the deptment of thenterior. buffalo e sacred tomerican dians.

historical rords indate thatmerican dians relied heavily on buffalo for survival. buffalo provided us food, shelter, clothing and essential tools. in the early 1800s, the buffalo population in north america exceeded 30 million, and the american indian population was near seven million. the military systematically eliminated buffalo to eliminate the indians. in addition, westward expansion and the greed of non-indian buffalo hunters reduced the buffalo population to 500 and the indian population to 250,000 by the turn of the century. with confinement of indians to reservation lands, indians had lost their primary food source, lifestyle and independence. in 1991, a handful of indian tribes organized the intertribal bison cooperative to begin restoration of buffalo to indian tribes. day, t itbc is compsed of 6tribes

ross 19 ates wit 55uffalo her, llective the larst herd ithe united stas. thffo are ve good stewards of e land. ey're a naturay migratinanimal. ey don'tust to sy in onerea and eraze. theye naturay migratg. if ty get engh room roam, they'll ve from ea to ea. e cattlend the oer imals, ty'll overaze if you kp them oy one aretoo long soou don have take care of them. ey take re of thselves. theye very hardy animals. d we jushad a re sere wintethis pasyear. a loof cattlwere los t we didt lose a buffo to thaweher. they jusmaintainand they'ljust turtheir hes intohe stormnd go to i and thedon't...