(wind whistling) - we've en doing th for milnnia.

en i sayillennia that mea more th one. noestern ccept of nservati is thatld. oft musi peop like mu and the other coervationts, leopd, they st thoug nobody led out her a wierness as a lderness that's n true. wee been ithis part othe couny for ousands ousands years know hoto manag naral resoces, and we nd to talabout it. need thtrue historof ameri. (soft orestral mic) - ife look athe quanda thate find oselves itoday thughout t west, we have er increasing size and scale and intensity of wildfire. humans have excluded fire from this natural system d have cated unnatural nditionss a resu. fire is ourelationand we need to work with fire. - digenous pple of ts countr for very lontime, th've been maning e land,

usg cultur indicator using cuural knoedge, ing tradionastories, ing presibed fir using wh they kn is od for tir place (st orchtral mus) (bd whistlg) - rt of wh's wronwith ameca that pele don't undersnd that ese fores that theaspire tpre-euroan re realla sult of nativamerican.. unrstandinthnatural cles that ocr out the. (st orchesal music (buffaloerd rumbng) - as far aindi people, buffo in allheir hisry, th were oueconomy,hey were o food, o clothin then kled to nr extincon.

soringing ese anims ba, not on are thehealthy for eang but ao for r spiritlity and big partf our cuure, just makg us who again. 's a healing ithat waylso. (st orchesal mic) part of at they di't underand, the origal english pedition was thathat theyere loing at w in natu. it's nature in relationship with humans over 1,000 years. [leaf] t fact that we're still re todayn any rm... is testament to aptationnd resience. rickets irping)

my name michael kotua johnso i'm member othe hopiribe. wee locateup in northn arizon about miles northeasof flagsff. we le in whathey call semi-ar climate it's rht in thmiddle a big dught perd, what they call extreme drought. after grandfaer passe aw, i stard gettinseeds om diffent peoplout here, ani starteplanting. then what did was oped up mo fields, cause i nted to ant more anincreasehe suppl of cn that whad. and you casee... me of oubeans that iad plant... are ing pret good do here. they're stting to co up pret good.

these e calledatico. th're browlima bea. they'reoing prey good. ey look etty strg, 'cause tre's so ch moture in e ground irrigatn, folks oft instmental mic) d you casee in ctain spo e corn istartingo come up from out a fo depth. in aboua week, these ll reallbe showi really gd here. yoknow whai mean? ally goo it a good y today, becae you casee om theseittle on, ey've golittle d drops onhem ght here the are ouchildren the hopway thes arour chilen. sooday it'a good d, beuse i'a daddy.laughing) (soft instrumental music) (birds chirps) (metal clinking) i've had my own probms in my le like erybody ee.

alcohowas my ailles he for theongest te, and found way to.. disposof that. bui found way out here tdeal witthat. en i wasittle boy, beindropped f out he spenng somsummerout hereith my gndfather i learned a lot. but as i got older and i went through all my lifecycle and all my drinking and stuff, i was able to come out of that. and only came out of that because i got back into what i really love and enjoy. and i feel like a lot of people out here, if they would get back into farming and learn from this, they wouldn't have near as big of a problem out here. (soft instrumental music) - trition tes us at we mu have co. corn habeen theain stapleor theopi peop. you ve to ha three years'upply oforn.

threyears'upply corn, becae usualla drough lastabout three year and 've had me drough out her the trition wathat theifather w a farme and would me the kids gw up farng. stt them hing, plaing with alanting ick. and evy kid ew up on e farm. today,o kid grs up on farm, cause thr parent stped farmg. if you don't farm and grow your food, you lose your independence. but if you're farming and growing your own food, you don't need the government. so you're independent. - the hopi farming, to me, the destruction, in just looking back at our history, was just the introduction of cattle. the federal government came in,

and they thought that we could use these cattle and as a way to... do better. what it started to do by bringing in these livestock animals, it started bringing in the concept of what they call privatization. so people felt like they owned it. it wasn't shared as readily as you would a crop, and therefore you had a concept of privatization, which, in my mind, broke down a lot of our society, a lot of our community bonds with each other. in a drought year like we've had the last two years, there's no way they can survive, so you wind up just drastically cutting back their herds, people selling their cattle. i'm out here just trying to not change the system, but i'm trying to hold on to the system that's been existing for over 2,000 years and to encourage people to keep farming. (cckets chping) so these are just some of the varieties that we raise. i uld haveo say th is pbably amica's origin sweet co varie her

becae this te of see is what ey wouldind some ofhese prehistoc dwellis. is is a d variy. d this ia purple ke a viot variet the are ju our blu cornarietiesere. wereate abt 42 difrent pes ofishes fr hopi co, erythingrom puddgs to sos. this is r bld in a l ways. ts is whoe are. en i wast cornell iversity en i tald about corn, theyaid that need 33 inch of nualainfall year. okay? th're planng pths weran inch. our anting dths, bause of t way ourorn is, beuse that where the isture iat, cago anywhe from two feetll the w up. over tim they'vedapted. they havwhat the ca a growi region called an epicotyl it's the initial growing point comes out, and it's elongated. it has an elongated epicotyl, so it comes up from that. whereas in hybrid corn, it only about probablybout an in growingegion. rs is abt two fe. it canrobably longer.

i wod imaginif i t it dowfour fee itould sti come . (bns rattlg) oft instmental mic) dry nd farmi ans thatasically u don'use irrition. we don'telieve iirrigati. that'shy thesearieties e sorought-terant, because don irrigat this iwhere i ve my bes. yocan see me of thbeans that aretarting toop up ouhere. the white ma beans (diggi) were cleing it dn to ere it gs moistu fiveima beaneeds in the or so. these arlike sup seeds, you ow? th've veryough. th're li us, ando, beuse theye like u they sviveike us. limited ount of ter, a lot nurturi, a lot ofaring, lot of cmunity blding. this is out a fo. convtional aiculture es to out righhere.

at's whayour plaer is desied to goown an ih. that'st. igging) our rly cornwe put iearly to coiide with our ho dances. at'd be eet corn, yell rn, diffent variies. weon't getny rainsere althe way om usuallfrom apr all the y till t monsoon whh is theast weekn july. fous to gr things th only x to 10 ches of annl precipation is amazi. oft music) this yr i put about s fferent rieties corn. you'veot to gr em out ery year. you y to go least one row t every ar, becae the clate chans, and , unlessou do th, these plts won'tdapt, they won't change.

and when we're going through climate change throughout the globe, we need to have that biodiversity, beuse biodersity can react and can adapt, st like should,ut they kw how too that. ose litt seedlin know h to do tt. we ahuman begs are foetting h tdo that. these are the new neration. these have been geared to adapt to what they call climate change. (soft strument music) (rer babblg) peaking karuk lguage) - is rightere is our cntry. this is ere we were born and ised, justike our ng ago pele were.

r religi is rvival ithis pla. living in th place f couness genetions, ousand oyears. 's hard say 's a religio 's rlly manament practices that have evolved in this place to survive. and fire, in our creation stories, the's alwa a recogtion th fire haalways bn here, it's alws been part ofs. (soft inrumentalusic) the karupeople he lived here forhousandsf years. and orns for nativeeople he were staple their le... ofheir die that waseer meat and all these pnts at are aund us that yld diffent edibl reurces thughout t year. son order have the reurces at predictle time, a predictab quantit in a prectable aa, you need to ve a hane on mapulatinghat vegetion

tonhibit t plants you dn't wanthere and to eourage a sically rtilize the ants tha u did want there a lot ofhe burng d been de by women from awo mile dius around t villageite. and that was to produce a fine grain mosaic being oak woodlands and grasslands. - they put fire on the ground, underneath the trees to burn up old acorns and leaves and duff to make it easier to pick the acorns when they fall. al that sme, putti that smoke into thcano... ppresseshe bugs. wh those wen seially we doing besideenhancinfood source basketrresource althe thin that yoneeded tsurvive,

the samtime, th were elinating t risk of wildfe to their mmunitie fis don't rn in thblack, where re has aeady bee th's how y put out fis with bkfires. when aild fire hitst, it go out, because runs t of fue en you havthis conant, regula low intsity fir ing put the lancape at ts communy scale, not fifightingorce, not ybody gog out there fight fe. body wasighting anytng. th were woing withire to enhce resoues and protect thr communy. (sber music) - fire suppression a exclusion with first colonizion, diseases that decimated native popations, that limited severely there number of ignitions

and the complexity of their stewardship anagroforery syems arou fire us d thenou had settlent, whetr there s direct dplacemen nati people ing remod out of tir villas, put reservaons and otr rancheas. thenou hadhe desuction of thaculturalire regi. and thenollowinghat itial peod of colonizaon, then tre was a ve strong phasis on spressi all fir. whethethey werlightnin they we arson orn-permitd ignitis, theyere to b suppress in the terest of timberesourceand prottionf communities. (somr music) - [leaf]uppressi ldfire oany fire waa really policy ndate ofhose ear rst rangs here. they aested pele, put peop in il. so tse ceremial pracces, theitual fi thatas pt of ournnual worlrenewal remony was outlawed and people were put in jail for it. (spirited music)

- [narrator] wood for war! the navy nee wood. ey air fces needood for oop-carrying gders. we a need ouforests, but thforest he a cious publ enemy nber one! fire, ruless, devastatg forestire wipingut hom destroyg criticalar materls, king itsnnual to of live [leaf] whave 100 yearof scari people out the il effec of fi and howire is el. smey bear,ne of thmost effectivpropagan campaigns thathe world has er known, has ne such good job instillg fear ofire inhe general pulace. - [leaf] and now you have a condition where we essentially haven't had fire, and then with increasing climatic conditions of temperatures, densification and build up a fuels,

drout stress, high fueload, verdry fore, see man coitions ithe west and partularly icaliforn ansouthwesoregon th now we' saying 're havingatastropc fires orires thaare larg in eent and verity, more extsive a more daging th has evebeen in recded histy. but 's alluilt arnd fightg. fighting fire,t's not a fighyou can n, and it's not something that people should be trying to fight. how can we engage with fire? how can we embrace fire as a partner? because that's what it is. it's the best partner we have. lunking) (cttering)

- my gndfatherhe uld kindf know, "oh, ieel like'm gonna burn tod. it fee right." i rember as kid growg up and beg like, s toy a goodurn day? and 'd be ke, "no,t's too t," or like,no, not t." and thene'd starfeeling li you cou just... he go out d he'd blike, think tay's a go burn da" and he'do out an 'd light fire. d then setimes i wouldn'to how heanted, he'd op. anthen he'go back in aew more ys, maybe tried ain, and maybitas good, so he'go for i (light instrumental music) this is the panamnik tishawnik village area. we swim here. we fish here. we... we gather here ceremoniay for thdeerskin dances, for all e other dances

that we've all kind of come to our whe lives. and this iall on yr mind when y're stanng just inhis one ot. (lauing) (fire ackling) traditiolly, thiplace wod have bn burned. fomany reans, for thering, for sket wving materis, cultul reason the larr picture theountryoday, with aot of the larger wildfirehappenin you n use ltur knowled to dri a lot othese manageme practic th tie dirtly into ptectn and wildre instaes. ere's a t of historin the places, and thers a lot of hisry in ples for my fily as wl. myister lis here at thend of throad theame resince whe my gndma wasaised and her parents lived.

i know that people on this lane, especially, are really excited for the burning to happen, because they did experience the dance fire back in 2013. was at msister'souse whenhe fire arted. weere crking acos her livg room. d as sooas i wald ouon the pch, there s just le this wl flames ross thetreet. and it was already in the canopies of all the doug firs across the seet. (sombemusic) - was suca terrib year. we h like haly any rn, no snow g time bore. so it st took f. it cametraight our hou. th little tty bit clead land rht here ishat stopd the fi from takingll theseer hous. a lot of people were like, "dang, if you guys hadn't cleared your property out before the fire it probably would've lost the whole neighborhood. and so wwere like weere real lucky becae the tre helped uso that athe timeoo, herwise wouldt have bn ab to do iby oursees, becae i was ke nine mons pregna

wh we boug the prerty. (cckles) i wa't much lp to anody athe time. so it'really gd to see contlled bur. anthen, ye, one cr can take ce of a wle area, versus hing an ay ofirefights coming fighti a fire. mean, wh it ts to th point, yes, we tta do, buyou don'need to t it geto that pnt. (fe cracklg) personal, m a inical sial work, ana lot ofhat i de with with aot of nave peopl we have a lot of trauma. we have really high rates of suide and dression, ana lot ofhat has do wh the diuption our culre and o regions anour way living. and a loof our proble that weave with t weathernd climate chan and evething isecause othe sameisruptio thsame disption of trng to ma somethi fit a ceain kindf box. and i ink that how a lot ofestern ctures have bn with non-weern cultes,

ani think at's howhey've kind obeen witnature. d so i tnk it's me to to len from eh other anmeld betr and bo to each her's knledge in cerin areas iver bbling) - we useire for lot things ceremon crting a rple thatalls the saon up thriver. the top black mntain th would bn off, drains to the camp cek watered. and so at that time of year, you're kind of at one of the warmest periods for the river temperatures, and so when you burn off the understory and the small plan, you no longer have things using that surface water, so you have more cold water groundwater inputs into your streams. the smoke in the air reduces the heat,

the radiant heat from the sun on the water, and so that contributes to colder temperatures inhe rivers well. anso just ese littleinute anges thatappened sed on the han activy in ts cereny of lighti that motain tually h scientically valiconnectis to calng the fi up the ver. (soft muc) - r religi we actice ipic-ya-wh, tranated as orld renal". so the karuk people were fix-the-world people. toda we're gonnao down a we're gna fish in ishpishi fas. it'sery... it's vy romantic i so people'eyes, very fstratingnd other. i'm th of the. i lo it, thas my wayf life, buthe heal of the ver runs parlel withhe alth of e people we need to p to acti, the phical actns on t landsca.

we've t to srt cleaninghe sacretrails. ancleaninghe forestnce agai erythinge do in our rld the salm benefitfrom. (st chestr music) - so iour trib ceremon to fix the worl it's notust fixethis cre fix ouramil or fix o river. weant to f the who world, because things e wrong re, theye wrong the other si of the rld too. that's jt the wathe world rks onhe balce. so iour trib we knewhat in f the wor ceremon c-ya-wh, even small grp ofeople wi great ergy, eat focuand purehought

caactuallyrigger the wod, the eth, and put back onts balan. (fire ackling) (wd whistlg) (chanting in foreign language) (steady drumming) (crowdheering)

(cm music) (wind llowing) - so wve broug buffalo ck here blackfe. i thinin 1974,e stted restore imals ba to here d there sn't a rl big... inrest, ani guess becae buffalhad beenone from o cultureor so lo,

being almo hunted toear extinction. so the biggest par why oureople... ve nevereen them after ty were kled to nr exnction, maki way forattle fothis country,hings we lost. our ngge, our way of rigion... long land. ese anims here are my psion, inging tse animalsack and turning at part of r cultur my name ervin clson, d i'm a mber of thblackfeenation anpresidenof the inrtribal ffalcouncil. i'm here today to respectfully urge passage of h.r. 5153, the indian buffalo management a, to cate a peanent tribaluffalo storatioand manament proam with the deptment of thenterior. buffalo e sacred tomerican dians.

historical rords indate thatmerican dians relied heavily on buffalo for survival. buffalo provided us food, shelter, clothing and essential tools. in the early 1800s, the buffalo population in north america exceeded 30 million, and the american indian population was near seven million. the military systematically eliminated buffalo to eliminate the indians. in addition, westward expansion and the greed of non-indian buffalo hunters reduced the buffalo population to 500 and the indian population to 250,000 by the turn of the century. with confinement of indians to reservation lands, indians had lost their primary food source, lifestyle and independence. in 1991, a handful of indian tribes organized the intertribal bison cooperative to begin restoration of buffalo to indian tribes. day, t itbc is compsed of 6tribes

across 1states wh buffalo her, llective the larst herd ithe unit states. the bualo are ry good stewards othe land ey're a turally miating anal. they don just totay in o area anovgraze. theye naturay migratg. they geenough rm to roa theyl move fm area tarea. thcattle a the oth animals,hey'll orgraze if you kp them oy one aretoo long soou don have ke care them. theyake caref themsees. they're very hardynimals. anwe just d a real seve winter is past ar. a lot cattle re lost. but weidn't lo any ffalo tohat weatr. they jt mainta, and theyl just tn their ads intohe stormnd go to i and thedon't...