acro 19 stat with 55 buffa herds, llective the larst herd ithe uned state thffalo are ry good stewards othe land ey're a turally miating anal. they d't just stay inne area d overaze. theye naturay migratg. they geenough rm to roa they'lmove froarea to ea. e cattlend the oer anals, thell overgze ifou keep em only in o area tolong. soou don have to take carof them. theyake caref themsees. they're very hardynimals. anwe just d a real seve winter is past ar. a loof cattlwere los buwe didn'lose any buffalto that atr. ey just intain, d they'ljust turtheir hes intohe stormnd go to i and thedon't...

tu away and turnheir ils intohe storm like domtianimalwill. you thinabout thbuffalo ing the ggest climatchange apter as an anal in thworld, ani mean f centues and thounds and thsands ofears. now we'rin an agthat there gonna ve to adt to thi and th can easy adapt cause ofheir hai theihair is differe than a cow hid right? it four tis more tck, but th also gr more hair f the winr. then theshed it r the summer d so it'just a nural insutor bothays. ifou look it econically, how ny cattldo you le? how ch more ed d you ve to fe the cow comparedo a buffo? anthen theater situion too. a ffalo cago two a a half daywithoudrinking they'reust ch more silient. (soft music) - today we're gonna move them animals

to the north side of the pasture. (buffa herd ruling) li i say, em beingone so lon it waa real.. reedating ouown peop... to thenimal. anit nevereally, rlly took o until, would sa in theast ght ars we srted the. iinnii project.

iinnii is e blackft wo for buffalo. and we started having dialogues, meeting with elders, meeting withur youngeople, and justalking aut the retu of buffo. hildren outing a laughin (soft sic) (speakg in blafeet) - i real learnedn my lif th if we we to tea our ung anythi, it hado be han-on, it uldn be from book, anit couldt be frolecture. th had to rticipat in aively. yocould prare them

but th had to tually participe in it. the stunts... in the gdes from kinderrten to e 12th gde, therwas manyeeds that thetudents d, antheir tral identy waone of the most rongest ed thereas. (chaering) d they.. ju took it like a ck to war. th wanted know evything. (laughg and chtering - our sier tribe isainai ansiksika. and so ne of the ve a buflo herd. so i staed askinsome that elr ladies who thght woul obably he known how butcher buffalo and i sa, "he you gu ever been to buffalo rvest?" d they'rlike, "n thiss our fit one." and th was kin artbreakg to me, that thawas theifirst on anthey're ke 80 yes old. so tt whole neraons of n been ab

toven be pt of that buffo. (delate musi (children shouting) - we have these songs with us yet. we may n have thceremonies... t the sos are stl with u and we nd people ow theseongs. because 're not ing to be ound allhe time. i'm years o, and i dot expecto here anher year of our cator we k be withs today. r ancests, our pele in thpast ve left some thgs to foow. houtin we ask that yo will dirt us. (chantin

[ervinthese anals took ca of us iour begiing, in thelday. and no in a neway, there so takincare of . and so we take care of them. (singing in blackfeet) (bids chirping) - we're the unirsity of arizo campus. i'll bdoing my phdefense morrow to geto be a dtor in philosop in natul resours.

(soft muc) i' been ov here a ttle ove12 yearsow, and it's been a long road for a nuer of reons, st of th persona but wh motivat me to gehere was i wawonderin why we wen't abl to u our o coervati techniqs. i'm 200 genetion farr. 0 generaon fmer. you ow? and so alls i'm doing here is i'm learning a new language. i'm learning how to speak in the language that i've been taught here so that i'm able to have the people on this side of the fence understand where i'm coming from and at the same time take some of the goodness at i seen sciencand bring back ho too. it a toughransitiofor me and it's tough traition for a t of nate americs who wish to int the sciences, because there's this... constant tensions that exist within yourself.

you wa to help, t at theame time you do n want to explt your cture. d so it'a balancg act. ishat on tre? let see. co on up. it'sot cominup. (chatting) i want to stt off thisresentatn first givinyou some ask yoto take me seeds ofof this rn rightere. what youe holdinhere is not st corn,ut it's fe. this ithe roadp th we're gna follo and thisarticula p right re called pi prophy rock. th is the rld that weurrentlyive in. d you'll bunch o pele goinghis way up thipath rht here,nd you can e where ends. and wh this iselling us, on a real short brief,

is that a lot of us are gonna move away from our traditional value d our tritional stem. and u'll seeown here there's is old gentlemen with h plantin ick and s plant, d his plts throu here, and thisine contins to gon. and so what this is telling us down here is that if we if we believe in our traditional practice and we pass it on to the next generation, we'll be able to continue on into the next world. the main reason why we're having all these barriers is that indians have the right to occupancy, buthey do t have t titlto theirwn land. people d't know th, but weon't. we're ustees othe federal vernment anwhat is is wholeuling based on, thisig rulin it's bed upon e ctrine odiscover that mns that u were disvered. th's our land now. you can live there, but we still own it. so what is indigenous agricultural knowledge? what we're saying here is that it's applied knowledge for raising food and other agricultural products at is grnded iindigeno beef systems a practic

ich haveeen time-tted overillennia i removethe wo "a" out there becausi'm not st talkinjust 1,0 years. i'talking llennia. so i'm talng to the plural for of that, over 2,000, 10,000 years. so this is contour farming. this is what it looks like. this is keeping soil erosion from happening by pnting peendicula we'vbeen doi the samthing. but fortunately,hese are scntifical validat. these actices e not, s weon't getunded fothat. makes noense, righ d i ask self, wellwho came up th the method first? (audience laughing) you know? 2,000 versus 75 years. i wonder about that. there's a great guy out there named leopold, and he says that he's the father of conservation or someone calling him tha i said, "well, that's youopinion." a lot of our knowledge has already been drafted and assumed a different type of name. "no till agriculture". we've been doing that forever.

there's a new one called "regenerative agriculture". we've been doing that forever. (laughing) look the pictures right here. 1901, 2015. look at the continuity. it hasn't changed. you don't see a $100,000 john deere 14 row planter out there. you see little hopis out there with their john deere hats and a planting stick. (group laughing) that's all you need, right? so this is what my whole presentation is really about. it's about our survival. it's about survival. it about moving on into theext genetion so ltle kids can hd corn like ts 100 yes from n. withhat, iant to tnk you. (audnce applding) (cttering) it was a very good experienceor me, but itas a ver grueng proce at time

itas almosas though had to ove thatur techniques werealid, thatur ancientonservatn chniquesorked. soart of mthing an part of at wholerocess was just bringing the recognition back to the people who originally founded it. (bds whistng) we don'tave perfect owledge, weon'tave perft scienc but we've always been adaptive. i think menominee's history has been adaptive to resource manament, politicaideas and learng h to deal wi them,

but al stayingrue to ctural idtity. and th's the secretf this pce. th is an ancestr map, befo europeasettleme. anthis repsents about millioncres her betwee1817 and856, throh land sessions. 15 milon acres shrank to 23400 acres the 23400, justbout all it is maged. the feral govement, they ft that t best way for nomineeso assimite to t rest ofociety was to become faers. but overall, the interest really wasn't there. (soft music) the menominees, being woodland people, their real desire was to keep their land forested.

d with tt being id, they pitiod with the feral govement tollow se harvesting of some of the live trees on the forest. (birds whistling) - back in 1908, the menominee tribal enterprises was established in neopit here. and basically it was put here to supply jobs for the menominee people. before the sawill, there sn't very much opportunies for ployment all the mber that's proced here cos from t menomin forest. menominee rest is erated a sustaed yield magement stem actually aised by chief okosh. advis that ifou start th the ring sun d you cuto the setting sun antake onlthe sick, dying, and the mature trees, and when you reach the end of the reservation

you turn back and cut back, you do at, the trees wod last fever. irds whiling) - ght now,urrently the's more standg volume of timber on the forest now than there was back in 1854. so it is possible to have an economic harvest to deforest. if youo it in sustainae way, e forestan repla itself and u're notausing hm. (cinsaw buing) (te fallin hainsaw zzing) (tree faing)

whate're doi in this sectn is a red oak svage. we've d some pblems wi e oak wilt fungus disease. if there a damagto some of e limbs a tree the fung gets there and bacally kis the tree witn one seon. if youe taki out ur low-qlity tre, youretter quity trees e remaing. so whave trees othe fore that ar150, 200 some even up to 300 years old, and they're still healthy, so we don't consider them for removal. as far as climate change, one of the things th we do he is we have intensive forest management, forest protection strategy in place. at we trto do isurb any outse threatand disees such as oak wilt disease. (soft music) one of the ways to do that is to have a diverse forest wi all the pieces the. on menomee we ha over 33ifferent trespecie

and weant to maintn that. examples would be our red maple trees. we have hickory in here. nice basswood. and we have some of the beech trees and other species of aspen is in here. so it's all a combination of trees growing. a lot of what you see in an industrial forest, they usually are more concerned with the value of timber, whetheit bone specs, likeor examp red pin plantaons in wconsin. yore putti all you emphis on onspecies. as f as a lo-term alth manemenstrategy it'sot a gooidea. havi a diver stand of forestike we don menomee your be defensegainst any outse proble likthat. - 's more an just timber othe fore. 's more an just e dollar aunt thatou get. the trees offer a whole bunch of other things that they don't put value on. and someday they'll put a value on what that tree is worth

as far as carbon sequeration, clean r, clean water, erosiocontrol, and all the rest that has no dollar value. i think menominees understood that a long time ago, because the operations were created not just to make money but to create jobsnd toaiain a counity. and you maintain a healthy community with all of these other values into consideration. (lauing and shouting) (phone ringing) - most companies will always have a certain tree farm or something that they have

and that they grow certain species, and then thelook at the marts, and en the market'hot on this scies or at speci, that's whathey'll harvt out ofhere, d then ty'll put it ou we d't have at choic weperate for the elogy, for e ecystems. so whaver theyave pland for reneratinghe fores what weet here. so tt's what rely the uque part about how this lumber company operates. what we do here is we don't get to choose what's coming in. the stuff is brought to us. we have to know how to use it, anwe have be veryreative aso how wee gonna rn it over a turn itnto mone we c't opera like th capilist societyoe it was always the land first (soft music) - yeah, the millpond's been here forever. i mean, i remember when i was a kid swimming across the river and climbing up on the banks.

wesed to jp off of the lopiles yes ago when wwere kid obously weon't all thatow. (chules) this is prettyuch wher thprocess arts rig here for eaking dn a log to lumbe (machine whirrin a lot people. take it r grantethat... we havsuch a lh, beautifuforest. anat the se time they d't underand why mthas thesstruggles. need toake what thfore gives u and weeed to me that wk. (mhinery wrring)

we're goa be here for ather... seven generations, the next seven generations. that's the goal is to leave something for our ildren and eir chilen. and 's prove er time, thi. if youook at a satelle image, u can sethe bounries of t reservaon just bause theush rest makes it std out. and ars ago,he ars all arnd us were wip out by mber bars, st clear-cutng, wipingt out. - "nanoh pemwan". th means "ows repeedly". it's a dcriptionf everytng that'going on wiin the eironmentround us, thnatural vironmen

thlifebld of theorest is t river whave here. evything rolves arnd this dy of water. thbad thg is thait ows in fm the noh off ofhe ag fids, whic pis up a l of acculation ofifferentypes ochemical diffent typeof runof both nural andanmade. the befits of is fores thaton't getecognize ishis war, this drology is caned by e forest these nefits sead to all the unties aund us beuse of t river stems. the cleawatethat theenjoy is a rult of ts forestere, these complete intact elder communities.

(waves lapping) (singing in hawaiian) - this is e easterpoint of t big isld of hawi. so we me here r our sunrise lebratio. and toonor thereation. t this wld all beonsiderepart of rigious cemonies of theawaiians and ofourse, a of thes actices re outlad, tlawed a made criminalere in haii

the misonaries til 1978 "hmoku he 'a, he wa'a heoku." iteans "thisland",moku", "is a noe", "wa", he wa'a an isla". we think of it as a canoe. we're in the middle of the pacific. you got to learn to get along. and everybody's got to pull for the canoe. (gentle music) agroforestry, contrary to popular belief, is far from a new idea; it's actually the old idea. people used to live off tree foods, fore plants. in hawaii thsystem w called (eaking haiian) whh means grofores. archibd menzies, t bonist andiologist

with grge vancver in t orinal engsh expitions, firsrecordedn his lo the roy london ciety the facthat he'deen ricuure in haii like hd never en anywherelse befo d that tse syste were morabunda, re proctivthan anying they hadver expeenced ound theorld. he alsadded th the only thi left too is to makelantation workers t of the people. the united states, through the illegal takeover of hawaii in 1893 to 1898, undermined hawaii's agricultural capacities. hawaii moved into this raging sugarcane monocrop production, as well as pineapple monocrop production, wherein they totally decimated the land. and organizations like monsanto, they got a foothold in hawaiian in the 1950s.

these indigenous practices... disregarded by the americans from 1898 to the present day, ve led tthe envinmenta deadation hawaii. (sawg) we sll have e memory and 're workg on trying treesblish those fo systems food fests areesigned caure wateand holdater. foodorests survivin drougs. fo fores survivempacts duri the gre storm where ricultur fields twdimensiol lines not. (sofmusic) the lational intective coonent

of the biogy of a rest is ite diffent than aarden orn agricultal field it was important that weork with a residential zoning so that any experimentation would be applicable to a household in honolulu, in the larger, more metropolitan oruburbaareas ofhe state we'rlooking at tryin to pitively pact sing-family dwellis ound foosecurity and od prepadness in aemergencsituatio for eier aan-made or aatural daster. (soft music) when you look out over the central plain, the northern central plain of the island, these plains were once covered with food forests

and forest with timber trees as high as 100 feet. these uplands were turned over to some englishmen who brought in ottish ctlemen. theyimply brght degradion to tse lands d they cled thisuccess. (drizzng) (chaering) (raing)

(faucet nning) - basilly, we' tryi to revi ny of thpracticeof old d gettinpeople to reaze that. t everytng is inantanes ke goingo the suarket and geing yourood. it tes time. rit now have a oup rvestingalo, whi is taro food fortry for would b integratg dierent crs ... family propey, so thayou're n raising st the o item

at you wouldant for yo family. on our pperty with my gndparent we havthe kalo the brearuit. we also had bananas. several varieties of bananas a little bit of everything. (st music) is rightere, thiss 'olena to uit's 'ola, but that turmeri righhere. is one h a bloss d that'sart of the nger famy. so tre's you brearuit rig there. u can sesome of e young frts startg in on . and thuhi, or m... that vi that's creepi up on t tree. ey're acally rking wi each otr.