berlin. the death toll in the turkish and syrian earthquakes reaches more than 35,000. the u.n. warns the number could double as more bodies are discovered. also, the white house says there is no evidence of alien activity linked to the mystery flying object shutdown a --

shutdown in this airspace. and thousands rally against government plans to reform israel's judiciary. opponents say the proposals are a threat to democracy. ♪ >> i am nicole frolich. to our viewers on pbs in the united states and to all of you around the world, welcome. more than 35,000 people are now known to have been killed in the earthquakes which hit turkey and syria one week ago. survivors are still being pulled from the rubble, that as time passes, those successes are becoming exceptions. really has been slow to reach syria, and the u.n. says the rescue phase of its mission there is coming to an end. the focus will now shift to

caring for people who have been made homeless. there is growing despair at the sheer scale of the humanitarian crisis. our correspondent has been in the southern turkish province, and she sensed this report from there. reporter: this is what is left of the state hospital in this city, built to save lives. it became a death trap. the building collapsed on patients after the earthquake struck. one week later, rescue teams are still digging through the rubble, searching for survivors. >> couldn't give us information about the passing you have found? >> no, we could not find any i.d. reporter: he listens anxiously whatever the rescuers announced they found someone. her grandmother was at the hospital when the quick hit. she has not slept for days. she has been sitting here waiting, feeling helpless.

>> i don't know how many days have passed. i lost track of time. they only started looking for her now. we are waiting here for her. i love my grandmother very much. my second name is isil. i was named after her. reporter: hurkacz in says mismanagement by the local authorities contributed to the disaster. he shows me what the hospital looks like before it collapsed. the building was dilapidated for years, he says, unsafe. but no one did anything about it. >> it was obvious that this building would collapse sooner or later even without an earthquake. why they kept using it until he became a tomb for everyone inside? reporter: the scale of the destruction is overwhelming. across the region, thousands of

buildings have collapsed, entire neighborhoods have been flattened, and hundreds of thousands of people left homeless. we meet some of them in this makeshift camp. it feels disorganized. families who were strangers one week ago are now forced to share a small tent with not much in it. >> we don't have enough . it is so cold inside, it doesn't warm up. i have two kids. we only have a stove. we are sharing one tent with two other families. >> it has been raining. the kids are all sick and i have a small baby. please, for god sake, send us a turned. no help has come here at all -- send us a tent. no help has come your at all. reporter: the local governor has been sent here to lead the crisis response in the area.

90% of his team are volunteers. he admits the country's disaster response was too slow in the first days, but now, he says, everyone is pulling in the same direction. >> we experienced a very big tragedy. it is absolutely normal for those who are experiencing such a tragedy to feel down and to complain. surely, we have lessons to learn, outcomes to examine. but from this point forward, we will try to see this as a chance to start over. we will try our best to emerge from this better reporter: at the ruins of iskenderun hospital, meysa is it ready to start over yet. she will be waiting for news about her grandma for as long as it takes, and she knows things

may get worse before they get better. reporter: julia has been traveling across southern turkey. she covers her impressions a week after the earthquakes. reporter: to be honest, it is at times very difficult for me to describe what we witness here on the ground because the scale of the destruction and the grief is just so huge, very difficult to comprehend. like meysa and her family, many survivors have been waiting days and nights next to collapsed buildings, desperately waiting for their loved ones to be retrieved. we have seen how their hopes have slowly faded and any people just want the chance to say their final good rise. we do still see miracle rescue stories on turkish television, but the chances of finding more survivors are now very, very slim. any buildings were so poorly constructed that they collapsed

into very tiny pieces, leaving very few spaces for people to survive in. the human body can only survive for so long without water and food. add to that, the freezing temperatures at night. we don't know how many people here died of hypothermia under the rubble. so the initial rescue efforts in the first days are now changing into a giant operation to retrieve dead bodies and to remove the rubble, and this is the bitter reality that many people are now slowly understanding and trying to come to terms with. nicole: the u.s. says there is no evidence of extraterrestrial activity, after it shot down a series of mysterious objects over north america. the objects have deepened the diplomatic rift between china and the u.s. washington accuses beijing of running a balloon program for intelligence gathering. the u.s. shutdown another object near the canadian border on

sunday, the fourth of this month. only the first has been officially linked to china. beijing denies it was used for spying, and accuses the u.s. of flying high-altitude balloons over china at least 10 times this year. for more, we speak to the ngo director. where do we stand? what do we know, and what do we not know at this point? guest: i certainly think there is more that we don't know, including the three other balloons that were shot down over alaska and canada and michigan and even the first balloon. they are still in the process of collecting bedroom very off the floor of the ocean. we don't know whether china's balloon was standing radio signals and intelligence back to

china. we don't know whether it was taking imagery, and we don't know what these other balloons were intended for, nor do we know whether they had anything to do with china. the united states has denied sending any similar balloons over china. so now this has become a think a contest of what we call the blame game. the u.s. and china are not really speaking in diplomatic terms that are aimed at resolving this issue yet. there is an opportunity coming up later this week in the security conference, where secretary of state blinken might be meeting, according to some reports today, with the former foreign minister, now a higher-level top diplomat in china. if they do meet, that is an

opportunity for both of them to speak directly to each other about the concerns, but also to down tensions and reschedule secretary blinken to ch -- secretary blinken's trip to china. nicole: let's look at the latest episode in this blame game, china saying the u.s. is actually sending spy balloon's to chinese territory. the biden administration says his government and his administration has never deployed any balloons to china's airspace and that beijing's accusations are a distraction tactic. is that a likely scenario? guest: well, the united states, as you said, has denied it has sent any kind of balloons over china. the u.s. has quite a bit of surveillance and reconnaissance around china, but not inside its territorial airspace. so that is the distinction that the biden administration is making.

"we fly aircraft close to the 12 nautical mile distance from china's territory and near space, of course, we have satellites." these balloons, the first one that we know that was chinese that was shot down, was flying in the area above 60,000 feet. it may have occasionally dipped below 50,000 feet. but this is an area that is referred to as near space. there aren't necessarily international laws or regulations that clearly guide what kind of activity can take place there legally. but if the u.s. says it has not sent balloons, then maybe it has not. nicole: uncharted territory here. do you think this could be a turning point for u.s.-china relations? guest: so far, it has been a turning point for the worse. i don't think we have hit the

floor in the u.s.-china relationship, and this is despite the fact that president biden and xi jinping met in november last year in indonesia on the margins of the g20 meeting, and agreed to stabilize the relationship. since then, we have really not seen progress. there was a plan for secretary blinken to go to china and that was postponed because of the balloon incident. but as i said, i think there is an opportunity now to get that back on track, but that will be difficult because of the local calendar. every year, china has what they call their national people's congress and their chinese people's consultative congress that they hold in early march, and i doubt this will take place before then. nicole: thank you so much. guest: thank you. nicole: catholic clergy in portugal sexually abused nearly

5000 children over the past 70 years, according to a panel of experts. an inquiry heard testimony from over 500 victims. investigators say the majority were boys under 14, and most of the abusers were priests. the inquiry opened after a similar investigation in revealed around 3000 clergy members sexually abused over 200,000 children. for more, let's bring in our guest, resident of the uk's national secular society. . he has been campaigning for more than 20 years to bring justice to the victims of clerical abuse. thousands of victims, and yet the fear is that this may just be the tip of the iceberg. what do you make of this report? guest: i think the report is a complete whitewash. taking the french figures as a basis and taking into account the different populations of the two countries, these figures

suggest a 10th of what we expect. they are totally implausible. i think this has been a very shoddy inquiry -- it was only launched six months ago. how can you possibly investigate 70 years of abuse in six months? nicole: i want to talk about the commission that carried out this investigation, because it was financed by the church that claims to be independent, but how independent can the investigation really be, in your eyes? guest: well, if it is financed by the church and they effectively create the terms of reference and the breadth of the investigation -- and as i say, doing it in six months tells us everything we want to know. this should have taken three years at a minimum. oddly, the church did not say a word about compensation.

it's almost like it is really just trying to -- it is a pr exercise. what i think it indicates, there is sufficient abuse being declared even with this, for the portuguese government to open its own inquiry, a totally independent one, with a much broader remit. because we also need to know what happened to the priests during this period that they were suspected to have abused. were they prosecuted? probably not. how many of them went to prison? and a much broader look at the number of victims there are. and also whether the laws in portugal are up to dealing with this kind of thing happening in the past, and if not, how can they be improved?

and whether the police and the prosecutors have been acting appropriately. if not, why not? and how can it improved guest: that was a terrible problem in france. i have just come back from disclosing that to the u.n. committee on the rights of the child. nicole: thank you so much. guest: thank you. nicole: to the war in ukraine now, as the fight against russia consumes vast amounts of ammunition, ukrainian troops are running short of recent supplies such as bullets. that i'm sinister it appears unable to keep up -- the arms industry appears unable to keep up. reporter: ukraine's request for weapons the magnates of the -- dominates the headlines, but they have a much more basic problem. >> everybody is not asking for more ammunition.

reporter: on the front lines, there have been reports that ukrainian soldiers are nearly running out of bullets, and some nato countries say their cupboards are bare. the fact is, nobody expected to see a shooting war in europe ever again, with thousands and thousands of rounds of bullets, shells and missiles used everyday by both sides. stockpiles of ammunition in nato countries, and more crucially production capacity in the weapons industry has declined for years in favor of more sophisticated equipment. >> it is so unfortunate, but that is what it is. it is the result of just-in-time, just enough way of looking at our economy. reporter: it's not a situation that can quickly be reversed. >> western countries have been learning the hard way that it is one of those problems where it doesn't suffice to throw money at the problem. reporter: camille grant spent six years in charge of defense investment at nato. he says the current ammunition shortage could not have been foreseen, but admits, now it is

a race against time to fulfill ukraine's urgent needs and replenish nato stockpiles. >> is it bureaucracy? is it the fact that we don't have enough workers? the supply chains are not what they should be, that we don't have the stockpiles of critical components? reporter: the answer, he says, is all of the above. nato allies are scaling up as fast as they can. the u.s. says it will increase production of artillery shells by 500% over the next two years. germany's company says it is hiring more people and it may build a new production plant. camille grant says at the same time, companies should be looking at how to tap into other sources of ammunition components. >> germany has a large ammunition industry with a lot of small companies producing hunting emanation and sports ammunition. of course a large portion of that is not for to do strictly

military munition, but they can certainly contribute to the supply chain. reporter: earlier in the conflict, it was believed russia's stockpiles were vast, but now the pentagon estimates moscow's supply of modern omission will run out within months. nicole: earlier we asked a defense industry analyst and former officer in the british army if nato could really have not foreseen a shortage of emanation. guest: nato has not really invested in stockpiles of ammunition since the end of the cold war in 1990, and since that time we have allowed our stocks to be depleted. we also have to remember that we have not seen a major european conflict for even longer than that. so our models for planning how much munition we might use our outdated. and we have just let stocks dwindle over time and we have paid the peace dividend because we diverted defense expenditure

to other areas of government after the cold war. now we suddenly find ourselves involved in this shooting war and everything that we thought we knew about how we planned to do this, now needs to change radically. yes, we are making -- sorry. nicole: so this could have been foreseen, there was just a miscalculation because nato did not really see or know or have a sense of what was getting itself into? guest: they had models forecast, how a high intensity war may pan out, but what we're seeing in ukraine is a much more connecticut war, with vast quantities of admission being used, much more than they imagined would be -- vast quantities of ammunition being used. nicole: how dangerous could this shortage become for ukraine?

guest: in the short-term, i think we will continue to supply ukraine. that will not be too much of a problem, because there are multiple sources for all types of emanation. the question is, if it escalates and the rest of nato finds itself involved in a direct conflict with russia, then we risk running out very quickly. so we are making a concerted effort to ramp up supplies and to really enlarge those stockpiles and ensure that we get things going. nicole: what could these efforts look like, because of her recent visit to brazil, for example, the german chancellor asked lula da silva to provide ammunition for the war in ukraine, and he said no, we are not getting involved. so what could those alternative sources be? guest: most european countries have domestic production of small arms ammunition.

artillery ammunition is more specialized, but countries are ramping up -- united kingdom, germany, france, all those countries are now producing emanation so it would be available -- ammunition, so it would be available. . what is difficult are the really complex missiles and non-wrench munitions -- really long range munitions. they take longer to produce. and factories have been impacted by their global financial crisis and the shortage of chips. nicole: that was a defense industry analyst, thank you very much. guest: pleasure. . nicole: thousands of demonstrators have rallied outside israel's parliament against planned judicial reforms. opponents claim the proposed changes attack democracy. the measures would give the government more power to appoint supreme court judges. ministers say the reform would correct an imbalance of power

between lawmakers and the court. reporter: democracy is one of the main slogans at this protest. tens of thousands of israelis have taken to the streets. they fear that democracy is under threat. >> i am here to demonstrate against changing the laws which will make this country which we love not a democracy anymore. >> more people are coming to demonstrations, and we have to stay up to mystic. if we don't have hope -- -- we have to stay optimistic. we do what we can and we think today is a very historic day. we hope they will hear us screaming. that is all we can do. >> we came here to protest against this very quick, this very aggressive change of law. there are a lot of people that are just very unhappy with what parts of the government are trying to do here.

reporter: they are here to send a message to benjamin netanyahu's new far-right government which wants to overhaul the justice system and introduce influence over the nation supreme court. the plan would allow lawmakers to override supreme court decisions and give politicians more influence in the appointment of judges. critics say it will give overreach and power to the government that many consider to be the most right wing in israel's history. >> what they are hearing from this spot is not a voice of despair, but a voice of hope. what they are hearing is not hatred, but level the homeland! that is what is fighting them so much, that is what made our voice louder and clearer. reporter: in a video statement posted on his twitter account, netanyahu accused a position of fermenting a crisis. >> stopped deliberately dragging the country into anarchy.

get a hold of yourselves. show responsibility under the ship because you are doing -- show responsibility and leadership, because you are doing the exact opposite. reporter: protests against the proposed overhaul have been going on for weeks, but the government's essays its plans are essential, and it doesn't seem to be backing down, at least for now. ♪ nicole: nicole: the kansas city chiefs are the new american football super bowl champions, after coming from behind the philadelphia eagles in the biggest game of the year. the chiefs' star quarterback patrick mahomes overcame an ankle injury and confirmed his status as one of the nfl's modern greats. reporter: patrick mahomes was looking for a second title in four years against the eagles, but it was his rival quarterback jalen hurts, dominated the early stages. this was the first of three russian touchdowns on the night for the 24-year-old.

the chiefs hit back with m.v.p. mahomes binding tight and travis kelce to level the scores. but hurts then went deep to connect with a.j. brown, to help the eagles to a 24-14 halftime lead, to the delight of coach nick sirianni. the chiefs found a new gear in the second half no the running back got the touchdown his performance deserved. and mahjomes put the chiefs in a commanding position. with just seconds left on the clock, it all came down to kicker harrison buetker. his field goal gave the franchise their third ever super bowl crown. nicole: in every year, people did not just tune into watch football, rihanna returned to the stage for the first time in five years at the super bowl halftime show. the superstar treated the

audience to a 13 minute medley of her all-time greatest hits. >> ♪ the only one you've ever loved ♪ like i'm the only one who knows your heart ♪ found love in a hopeless place ♪ nicole: she also used the show to reveal that she is pregnant with her second child. ♪ >> ♪ come here rude boy, can you give it up ♪ >> oh shine bright like a diamond bright like a diamond ♪ beautiful like diamonds in the sky ♪ nicole: stay tuned. i will be right back to take you through "the day." ♪

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anchor: welcome to live from paris, i am mark owen. these are the headlines. miracles amid the rubble, our team witnesses a rescue beyond expectation. the baby who survived in the wreckage for a week. collapsed buildings in southern turkiye and northwestern syria in the wake of the earthquake that has claimed over 37,000 lives. ukrainian soldiers under attack. a city sustained heavy bombardment this monday. nato says it believes this is