(wind whistling) - we've en doing th for milnnia.

when i s millenn, that mns more an one. no weste conceptf conservaon is thatld. (soft music) people like muir and these other consertionists opold, they just tught nobo lived o here, a wildness as wilderne. th's not te. we've en in th rt of thcountry r thousas of thousas of yea. we know w to mane tural reurces, anwe need talabout it we need e true histy of ameca. (st orchesal music - we lookt the qudary at we fi ourselv in toda thughout t west, we have er increasing size and scale and intensity of wildfire. humans have excluded fire from this natural system and havereated uatal conditns as a sult. fire is ourelationand we need to work with fire. - digenous pple of ts countr foa very lg time, ey've been maging e land,

usg cultur indicators, ing cultal knowlge, usg traditnastories, ing presibed fir using wh they kn is od for tir place (st orchtral mus) ird whising) - pa of what ong withmerica is that ople don unrsta that the forest that theaspire tpre-euroan were reay a result of nate americs... unrstandinthnatural cles that ocr out the. (st orchesal music (buffaloerd rumbng) - as far aindianeople, buffalin all tir histo, th were oueconomy,hey were o food, o clothin then kled to nr extincon. soringing ese anims ba, not on are thehealthy

for ting butlso r our spituality and a bipart of r cultur ju making whole ain. 's a healing ithat waylso. (st orchesal mic) - part owhat the dn't undstand, the origal english pedition was thathat theyere loing at w in natu. it's nature in relationship with humans over 1,000 years. [leaf] t facthat we're still he todayn any rm... is testament to adaptati and rilience. rickets irping)

- my namis micha kotutwa hnson. i'm a mber of e hopiribe. 're locad up in nthern arona abt 90 mil nortast of fgstaff. we livin what ey ll a semarid clite. it'sight in e middle a big dught perd, what ty call ereme droht. aftemy grandther pasd ay, i stted gettg seeds om diffent peoplout here, ani starteplanting. enhat i diwas i openedp more flds, because wanted tplant mo and inease theupply of corn at we ha and yocan see. me of oubeans that iad plant... are ing pret good do here. they're stting to co up pret good.

thesare call hatico. ey're brn lima bns. so ty're doi pretty od. ey look etty strg, 'cause tre's so ch moture in e ground irrigatn, folks oft instmental mic) d you casee in ctain spo e corn istartingo come up from out a fo depth. son about weekthese wi really showing reallyood here u know wt i meanreally gd. it's good datoday, becausyou can e fr these ltle ones theye got lile dew drs on them rit here. the are ouchildren inhe hopi y these are r childr. so tay it's good day becae i'm a dadd (laughing) (soft instrumental music) (birds chirps) (metal clinking) i've had my own problems in my life like everybody else.

alcohowas my ailles he for theongest te, and founa way to. dispose of that. but found a y out here to al with at. when i w little y, beg droppeoff out re spding somsummers t here wh my grafather, i learned a lot. but as i got older and i went through all my lifecycle and all my drinking and stuff, i was able to come out of that. and only came out of that because i got back into what i really love and enjoy. and i feel like a lot of people out here, if they would get back into farming and learn from this, they wouldn't have near as big of a problem out here. (soft instrumental music) traditiotells us that wmust havcorn. corn habeen theain stapleor the hopi ople. yohave to ve three year supply corn.

threyears'upply oforn, becaususually drought lastabout three year and wee had so droughtsut here. the adition s that thr fatheras a farr, anhe wouldake the kidsrow up fming. stt them hing, plaing with alanting ick. and ery kid ew up on e farm. today,o kid grs up on farm, cause thr parent stped farmg. you don'tarm and grow yr food, u lose yr independen. buif you'rfarming d growinyour ownood, you don'need theovernmen - the hopi farming, to me, the destruction, in just looking back at our history, was just the introduction of cattle. the federal government came in,

and they thought that we could use these cattle and as a way to... do better. what istarted to do by bringing in these livestock animals, it started bringing in the concept of what they call privatization. so people felt like they owned it. it wasn't shared as readily as you would a crop, and therefore you had a concept of privatization, which, in my mind, broke down a lot of our society, a lot of our community bonds with each other. in a drought year like we've had the last two years, there's no way they can survive, so you wind up just drastically cutting back their herds, people selling their cattle. i'm out here just trying to not change the system, but i'm trying to hold on to the system that's been existing for over 2,000 years and to encourage people to keep farming. (cricks chirpi) so these are just some of the varieties that we raise. i uld haveo say th is pbably amica's origin sweet rn variety here,

cause th type ofeed is wt theyould fin inome ofhese prehistoc dwellis. is is a d variy. d this ia purple ke a viot variet the are ju our blu cornarietiesere. we cree about differe typeof dhes fromopi corn everythi from puings to ups. thiss our blood in lot of way this isho we ar en i wast corneluniversi, when talked out my cn, theyaid that need 33 ines of annual raiall a ye. okay? th're planng pths weran inch. r planti depth becau the wayur corn , becae that'shere the moture iat, cagonywhere om twfeet allhe way u ov time, ty've adaed. they havwhat the ca a growi region called an epicotyl. it's the initial growing point comes out, and it's elongated. it has an elongated epicotyl, so it comes up from that. whereas in hybrid cornit's only about probablybout an in growi region. ourss about o feet. can probly go lger.

i woulimagine i put it dn four ft, it wou still ce up. (bns rattlg) oft instmental mic) dry nd farmi ans thatasically u don'use irrition. we don'telieve iirrigati. th's why tse variees are so droug-toleran because don't irrige. thiss where have my ans. yocan see me of thbeans thatre startg to pop uout he. theswhite ma beans (diggi) werelearing down to where gets moture fiveima beaneeds in the or so. these e like ser seeds yoknow? ey've ve tough. they're like us,nd so, because ey're li us, they svive le us. limiteamount owater, a lot nurturi, a lot ofaring, a t of comnity buiing. this iabout a ot. nvention agriculre goes to abt right re.

at's whayour plaer is desied to goown an ih. that'st. igging) our rly cornwe put iearly to cncide wi our me dance at'd be eet corn, yell rn, diffent variies. we d't get a rains he all e way fr usually om april all thway tillhe monso, whh is theast weekn july. fous to gr things th only x to 1inches ofnnual pripitatio is azing. (st music) thisear i put in abo six differt variets of cor you'veot to gr em out ery year. u try too at lea one w out evy year, because e climatchanges, d so, unss you dthat, thesplants w't apt, they won't change.

and when we're going through climate change throughout the globe, we need to have that biodiversity, beuse biodersity can react and can adapt, just le we shod, but th know hoto do th. those lile seedlgs kn how to that. we ahuman begs are foetting h tdo that. these are the new neration. these have been geared to adapt to what they call climate change. (soft strument music) (rer babblg) (speakinin karukanguage) - is rightere is ourountry. is is whe we were borand rais, just le our lo ago peop were.

our relion is survivaln this p. ling ithis pla for untless neration ousand oyears. it'sard to s it's a rigion. 's rlly manament practices that have evolved in this place to survive. and fire, in our creation stories, ere's alys a recnition that firhas alwa been he, it'slways be a parof us. (soft instmental mic) - the kak peopleave live here f thousan of year and acorns for native people here were a staple of their life... their dt, that w deer me and all theselants that areround us thatield difrent edie sources roughouthe year. in ordeto have ose sources a predictable te, in prediable quaity, in aredictab area, you need to have handle manipulang that getation

to inhit the pnts you didn want the and to eourage a sically rtilize the ants tha u did want there a lot the burng d been de by wen from awo mile dius around t villageite. and that was to produce a fine grain mosaic being oak woodlands and grasslands. - they put fire on the ground, underneath the trees to burn up old acorns and leaves and duff to make it easier to pick the acorns when they fall. al that sme, putti that smoke into thcanopy. supprees the bs. what tse women essentiallwere doi besideenhancinfood source basketrresource all the ings tha yoneeded tsurvive,

athe same me, they re elimiting the risk ofildfire thr communies. fis don't rn in thblack, whe fire h alreadyeen. that's h you putut res withackfires wh a wild re ts it, igoes out because runs t of fue en you havthis conant, regula low intsity fir ing put the lancape at ts communy scale, not refighti force, noanybody gog out there fight fe. nody was fhting anytng. ey were rking wi fire tonhanceesourcesnd prect theicommunit omber music) - fire suppression a exclusion with first colonizion, diseases that decited tive populations, that limited severely there number of ignitions

and the complexity of their stewardship anagroforery syems arou fire us and thenou hadettlemen whether ere was dict dplacemen nave peoplbeing reved out ofheir vilges, put oneservatis d other ncherias thenou hadhe desuction of thaculturalire regi. d then flowing tt inial peri of colonizaon, en thereas a very song emphis on sessing a fires. ether th were lightnin they we arson orn-permitd ignitis, theyere to b suppress in the terest of timberesourceand prottion of mmunits. (somr music) - [leaf]uppressi ldfire oany fire was really policy nde of tho early firsrangers re. theyrrested ople, put pele ijail. sohose ceronial prtices, t ritual re thatas pt of ournnual worlrenewal remony was outlawed and people were put in jail for it. (spirited music)

- [narrator] wood for war! the navy nee wood. ey air fces needood for oop-caying glirs. we a need ouforests, but thforest he a vicious publicnemy numr one! fire, ruless, destating rest fir pingut home,estroyin itical w materia, takingts annuatoll of ves! - eaf] we ve 100 years scaringeople out the il effec of fi and howire is el. smokey bear,ne of thmost effectivpropagan campaigns thathe world has er known, has ne such good job instillg fear ofire in t general pulace. - [lf] and n you have aonditionhere we essenally hav't had fe, d thenith incrsing imatic condition ofemperatus, densication and bud up a fls,

drout stress, high fueload, verdry fore, we seeany conditio in the st and rticular in calirnia and soutest oreg at now wre sayinwe're havi catastrhic fire fires tt are laer inxtent anseveri, morextensive and me damagi thanas ever en in record histor but it's all built around fighting. fighting fire, it's not a fighyou can n, and it's not something that people should be trying to fight. how can we engage with fire? how can we embrace fire as a partner? because that's what it is. it's the best partner we have. lunking) (chatterg)

- my gndfatherhe uld kindf know, "o i feel ke i'm gna bu today. feels rht." i rember as kid growg up d being ke, "is today good burday?" and 'd be li, "no, it'too wet, like, ", not ye" and en he'd art feelg like youould jus.. he'd gout and 'd be li, think tay's a go burn da" and he'do out an 'd light fire. and thenometimest wouldn go how wante so he'd op. and en he'd back in a f more ys, maybe tried ain, and maybit was gd, so he'go for i (light instrumental music) this is the panamnik tishawnik village area. we swim here. we fish here. we... we gather here cemonially for the deerskin dances, for all the her dances

that we've all kind of co to our ole live and this is alon your nd when youe standi just in ts one sp. (laughg) (fircracklin traditiolly, thiplace wod have bn burned. fomany reans, for thering, fobasket wving materis, cultul reason the larr picture theountry tay, th a lotf these rger wifires haening, you n use ltur knowled torive a l of thes manament praices thatie direcy into proteion and wifire insnces. ere's lot of history in the places, and the's a lo of htory in aces for my fily as wl. myister lis here at t end of e road theame resince where grandmaas raise and her parents lived.

i know that people on this lane, especially, are really excited for the burning to happen, because they did experience the dance fire back in 2013. i was my sister's hse when t fire stted. weere crking acos her livg room. anas soon i walke out the por, there wajust likthis wal oflames acss the seet. and it was already in the canopies of all the doug firs across the seet. (sombemusic) - was suca terrib year. we h like haly any rn, no snow g timeefore. sot just tk off. i me strait at ourouse. th little tty bit clead land rht here is wt stoppethe firerom taking a these other house a lot of people were like, "dang, if you guys hadn't cleared your property out before the fire it probably would've lost the whole neighborhood. and so wwere like we we reallyucky beuse the ibe help do thatt the ti too, herwise wouldn'have bee ableo do it ourselv, because was like ni months egnant

when we ught t operty. huckles) i sn't muchelp to anybody athe tim so it's ally gooto e controed burns and en, yeahone crewan take carof a who area, versusaving anrmy firefigers comi, ghting aire. mean, wh it ge to thatoint, yes, we tta do, buyou don'need to t it geto that pnt. (fire ackling) persally, i'm clinal sociaworker, and lot of wt i dealith with a l of nati people, we have a lot of trauma. we have really high rates of suici and depression, ana lot ofhat has do wh the diuption ofur culre and o relions and r way ofiving. and a loof our proble that weave wi the weaer and cmate chan and evethin isecause othe sameisruptio thsame disption of trng to ma somethi fit a ceain kindf box. and i ink that how a lot ofestern ctures have bn with non-weern cultes,

ani think at's howhey've kind obeen witnature. d so i tnk it's me to to len from eh othe d meld bter and w to eacother's owledge in cerin areas iver bbling) - we useire for lot things ceremon crting a rple thatalls the saon up thriver. the p of bla mountai that wou burn of it dins intohe mp creekatershed and so at that time of year, you're kind of at one of the warmest periods for the river temperatures, and so when you burn off the understory and the all plan, you no longer have things using that surface water, so you have more cold water groundwater inputs into your streams. the smoke in the air reduces the heat,

the radiant heat from the sun on the water, and so that contributes to colder temperatures in t river awell. and just the littleinute anges that hpened bad the hum activit inhis cereny of lighng that untain tually h scientically valiconnectis to calng the fi up the ver. (soft muc) - oureligione prtice is c-ya-wis tranated as orld renal". so the karuk people were fix-the-world people. toda we're gonnao down a we're gna fish in ishpishi fas. it's vy... it's vy romantic i so people'eyes, very fstratingnd other. i'm bothf those. i love i that's way of fe, but thhealth othe rive runs parlel withhe alth of e people we nd to puto action the physal actio theandscape

we've t to srt cleaninghe sacretrails. ancleaninghe forestnce agai evything wdon our wod e salmonenefits om. (st chestralusic) - son our tral ceremy is to fithe world. it's notusto fid this cek or fixur famy or fixur river we want fix thehole wor, beuse if tngs are ong here theye wrong the other sidef the wod too. that's jt the wathe world rks onhe balan. so iour trib we knewhat in f the wor ceremon piya-wis even a all grou of pple withreat eney, greafocus anpure tught

caactuallyrigger the wod, the eth, and put back onts balan. (fire ackling) ind whising) (chanting in foreign language) (steady drumming) (crowdheering)

(cm music) (wind biowing) - so wve broug buffalo ck here blackfe. i thinin 1974,e stted restore imals ba to here d there sn't a rl big... intere, and i ess because ffalo habeen gon fr our culre for slong,

being alst hunte to near extinction. so the biggest par why oureople... ha never sn them. so aer they re kille to near exnction, king wayor cattlfor this couny, thingwere los our ngge, our y of relion... losi land. ese animhere are my psion, inging tse amalsack anreturninthat part oour culte. my ne is erv carlson and m a memb of the blkfeet naon anpresidenof the tertribabuffalcouncil. i'm here today to respectfully urge passage of h.r. 5153, the indian buffalo management a, to cate a peanent tribaluffalo storatioand manament proam with the deptment of thenterior. buffalo e sacred tomerican dians.

historical rords indate that arican inans relied heavily on buffalo for survival. buffalo provided us food, shelter, clothing and essential tools. in the early 1800s, the buffalo population in north america exceeded 30 million, and the american indian population was near seven million. the military systematically eliminated buffalo to eliminate the indians. in addition, westward expansion and the greed of non-indian buffalo hunters reduced the buffalo population to 500 and the indian population to 250,000 by the turn of the century. with confinement of indians to reservation lands, indians had lost their primary food source, lifestyle and independence. in 1991, a handful of indian tribes organized the intertribal bison cooperative to begin restoration of buffalo to indian tribes. day, t itbc is compsed of 6tribes

acss 19 stes with 55 bfalo her, llective the larst herd ithe uned state the buffo are ve good stewards of e land. ey're a naturay migratinanimal. ey don'tust to sy in onerea and eraze. theye naturay migratg. if ty get engh room roam, they'll ve from ea to ea. e cattlend the oer imals, ty'll overaze if you kp them oy one aretoo long soou don have to take care of them. th take ca of themlves. they'rvery hardy animals. anwe just d a real seve winter is past ar. a t of cate were lt. but we dn't loseny bualo to tt weathe they jt mainta, and theyl just tn their ads into t storm a go to i and thedon't...