acro 19 stat with 55 buffa herds, llective the larst herd ithe united stas. the buffalare veryood stewards of thland. ey're a naturay migratinanimal. ey don'tust to sy in onerea and ergre. they'rnaturallmigratin if theget enou room tooam, th'll moverom areao area the catt and thether anals, thell overgze if you keethem onl inne area o long. soou don'tave ke care of them. they te care othemselv. they're ve hardy animals. and weust had real severe wter thisast year lot of ctle wereost. but we dn't loseny bualo to tt weathe they jt mainta, and theyl just tn their ads intohe stormnd go to i and thedon't...

turnwaand turnheir ils intohe storm like domtic animalwill. you thinabout thbuffalo ing the ggest climatchange apter as an anal in thworld, ani mean f centues and thounds and thsands ofears. now we'rin an agthat there gonna ha to adapto this and th can easy adapt cause ofheir hai theihair is differe than a cow hid right? it four tis more tck, but th also gr more hair f the winr. then theshed it r thsummer. d so it'just a nural insutor bothays. if you look it econically how ny cattldo you le? how ch more ed d you ve to fe the cow mpared ta buffal anthen theater situion too. a bualo can two and lf daywithoudrinking sohey're jt ch more silient. (soft music) - today we're gonna move them animals

to the north side of the pasture. (buffa herd ruling) ke i saythem bei gone so lg, iwas a re... reedating ouown peop... to thenimal. d it nev really,eally tookff untili would y, in theaseight years wetarted t... iinniiroject.

iiiis the blkfeet word foruffalo. and we srted havg dialogs, meeting with elders, meeting with o young pple, and justalking aut the retu of buffo. hildren outing a laughin (soft sic) (speakg in blafeet) - i rely learn in my le thatf we we to tea our unanything it had tbe handsn, it couldn'te from aook, and it cldn't berom lecture. ey had tparticipe inctively. yocould prare them

but theyad to acally rticipatin it. the stunts... in the gdes from kinderrten to e 12th gde, therwas manyeeds that thetudents d, antheir tral identy waone of the most stngest ne there w. (chaering) d they.. ju took it like a ck to war. th wanted know evything. (laughg and chtering) - our sier tribe isainai ansiksika. and soone of tm have a bfalo her i start asking me ofhat eldeladies, who thght woul obably he known hoto butch a buffa. and i sa, "he you gu ever been to buffalo rvest?" and th're like"no, is is oufirst on" and th was kin artbreakg to me, that thawas theifirst on anthey're ke 80 yes old. so tt whole neraons of n been ab

toven be pt of that buffo. (delate musi (children shouting) - we have these songs with us yet. we may n have thceremonies... t the sos are stl with u and we nd people ow theseongs. because 're not ing to be ound allhe time. i'm years o, and i dot expecto here anher year of ourreator wask to be wi us toda r ancests, our pele in thpast ve left some thgs to foow. (shoutg) we aed that u will dect us. (chantin

[ervinthese anals took ca of us iour begiing, in theld w. and now,n a new y, they' al taking re of us and so we take care of them. (singing in blackfeet) (bids chirping) - we'ron the uversity of arina campu i'll bdoing my phdefense morrow to get tbe a docr in ilosophyn naturaresource

(soft muc) i' been ov here a ttle ove12 yearsow, and it's been a long road for a numb of reass, st of th persona but wh motivat me to gehere was i wawonderin why we wen't abl to u our o coervationechnique i'm 200 genetion farr. 0 generaon fmer. you ow? and so alls i'm doing here is i'm learning a new language. i'm learning how to speak in the language that i've been taught here so that i'm able to have the people on this side of the fence understand where i'm coming from and at the same time take some of the goodness th i see iscience bring back ho too. it a toughransitiofor me and it's tou transion for a loof nativamerican who wish to io e sciences, because there's this... constant tensions that exist within yourself.

you wa to help, t at theame time you doot want exoit yourulture. d so it'a balancg act. is that there? let see. co on up. it'sot cominup. (chatting) i want to star f thisresentatn first givinyou some ask you take so seeds off this co right he. at you'rholding re is not ju corn, b it's li. this ithe roadp th we're gna follo and thisarticula p right re called pi prophy rock. th is the rld that we crentlyive in. d you'll bunch o pele goinghis way up thipath rig here, a u can sewhere itnds. and wh this iselling us, on a real short brief,

is that a lot of us are gonna move away from our traditional value d our tritional stem. and u'll seeown here there's is old gentlemen with h plantin ick and s plant, d his plts throu here, and thisine contins to gon. and so what this is telling us down here is that if we if we believe in our traditional practice and we pass it on to the next generation, we'll be able to continue on into the next world. the main reason why we're having all these barriers is that indians have the right to occupancy, buthey do t have t titlto theirwn land. people d't know th, but weon't. we're ustees othe federal vernment anwhat is is wholeuling based on, thisig rulin it's bed upon e ctrine odiscover that mns that u were disvered. th's our land now. you can live there, but we still own it. so what is indigenous agricultural knowledge? what we're saying here is that it's applied knowledge for raising food and other agricultural products at is grnded in digenous beli stems andractices

ich haveeen time-tted overillennia i removethe word "a" ouof there becae i'm nojust talkg just 100 years i'talking llennia. so i'm talng to the plural for of that, over 2,000, 10,000 years. so this is contour farming. this is what it looks like. this is keeping soil erosion from happening by plaing perpdicular. we'vbeen doi the samthing. but unrtunately,hese are scntifical validat. these prtices arnot, so we d't get fded for at. makes sense, gh d i ask self, wellwho came up th the method first? (audience laughing) you know? 2,000 versus 75 years. i wonder about that. there's a great guy out there named leopold, and he says that he's the father of conservation or someone calling him tt. i said, "well, that's your inion." a lot of our kwledge has already been drafted and assumed a different type of name. "no till agriculture". we've been doing that forever.

there's a new one called "regenerative agriculture". we've been doing that forever. (laughing) look the pictures right here. 1901, 2015. look at the continuity. it hasn't changed. you don't see a $100,000 john deere 14 row planter out there. you see little hopis out there with their john deere hats and a planting stick. (group laughing) that's all you need, right? so this is what my whole presentation is really about. it's about our survival. it's about survival. it about moving on into theext genetion so ltle ki can holcorn like thi100 yearfrom now withhat, iant to tnk you. (audiee applaung) hatterin it was a very good experienceor me, but itas a ver grueling pross at tis.

itas almosas though had to ove thatur techniqs were vid, thatur ancientonservatn chniquesorked. soart of mthing an part of at wholerocess was just bringing the recognition back to the people who originally founded it. (bds whistng) we don'tave perfect owledge, weon'tave perft scienc but we've always been adaptive. i think menominee's history has been adaptive to resource magement, politil ideas and learng h to deal wi them,

but alsotaying te to ctural idtity. and th's the secretf this pce. th is an ancesal map, bere europn settlent. and thisepresentabout millioncres her betwee1817 and856, throh land sessions. 15 milon acres shrank to 23400 acres the 23400, justbout all it is maged. the feral govement, they ft that t best way for meminees tassimila into theest of siety s to become faers. but overall, the interest really wasn't there. (soft music) the menominees, being woodland people, their real desire was to keep their land forested.

d with tt being id, theyetitned with the deral gornment tollow somharvesti of some ofhe live trees on the forest. (birds whistling) - back in 1908, the menominee tribal enterprises was established in neopit here. and basically it was put here to supply jobs for the menominee people. before the sawill, therwasn't very much portunits for emoyment. all the mber that's proced here cos from t menomin forest. menonee fore is opered on a susined yie nagementystem actually aised by chief okosh. advised that you starwith theising su anyou cut the setting sun and take only the sick, dying, and the mature trees, and when you reach the end of the reservation

you turn back and cut back, you do at, the trees wod last fever. (bds whistng) - righnow, currently there's more standing volume of timber on the forest now than there was back in 1854. so it is possible to have an economic harvest to deforest. if youo it in sustainae way, e forestan repla itself and u're notausing hm. (chasaw buzzg) (tree falling) hainsaw zzing) (tree faing)

wh we're dng in th seion is aed oakalvage. 've had me proems with thoak wiltungus dias if there's damage me of thlimbs on tree the fung gets there and bacally kis the tree witn one seon. if youe takingut yo low-quaty trees your bter qualy trees arremainin soe have treesn the fost that e 150, 2, some even up to 300 years old, and they're still healthy, so we don't consider them for removal. as far as climate change, one of the things th we do he is we have intensive forest management, forest protection strategy in place. at we trto do isurb any outse threatand disees su as oak wilt disease. (soft music) one of the ways to do that is to have a diverse forest withll the pieces ther on meninee we ve over differe trespecie

and weant to maintn that. examples would be our red maple trees. we have hickory in here. nice basswood. and we have some of the beech trees and other species of aspen is in here. so it's all a combination of trees growing. a lot of what you see in an industrial forest, they usually are more concerned with the value of timber, whher ite one spies, li for exale red pe pltations wiscons. you' puttingll your emphas on one ecies. asar as a ng-ter health magemenstrategy it's n a good ea. havi a diver stand of forestike we don menomee your be defensegainst any outse proble likthat. - 's more an just timber othe fore. it more th just th llar amot that y get. the trees offer a whole bunch of other things that they don't put value on. and someday they'll put a value on what that tree is worth

as far as carbon sequeration, clean r, clean water, erosiocontrol, and all the rest that has no dollar value. i think menominees understood that a long time ago, because the operations were created not just to make money but to create jobsnd toaintn a commity. and you maintain a healthy community with all of these other values into consideration. (lauing and shouting) (phone ringing) - most companies will always have a certain tree farm or something that they have

and that they grow certain species, and en they ok at the marts, and wh the market'hot on this scies or at speci, that's whathey'll harvt out ofhere, d then ty'll put it t. we d't have at choic we orate f the elogy, for e ecosystems. so whater they he planned for reneratinghe fores is what we get here. so that's what's really the unique part about how this lumber company operates. what we do here is we don't get to choose what's coming in. the stuff is brought to us. we have to know how to use it, anwe have be veryreative aso how wee gonna rn it over a turn itnto mone we c't opete like e capitalistic siety does. it was always the land first (soft music) - yeah, the millpond's been here forever. i mean, i remember when i was a kid swimming across the river and climbing up on the banks.

we ud to jumoff of the log les yearago when we re kids. obvisly we d't allow that n. (chucks) this is prettyuch wher thprocess arts rig here for brking dow a log to lumbe (machine whirrin a lot people. take it r grantethat... we havsuch a lh, beautifuforest. anat the se time they d't underand why mthas thesstruggles. we need take wh e fost givess, and weeed to me that wk. (mhinery wrring)

we're goa be here for anoer... seven generations, the next seven generations. that's the goal is to leave something for our ildren and eir chilen. and 's prove er time, tnk. if you lk at a satellitimage, u can sethe bounries of t reservaon just bause theush forest mes it and out. anyears ag the areas alaround u wereiped outy lumberarons, st clear-cutng, wipingt out. - "napoh pemecn". th means "ows repeedly". it's a dcriptionf everytng that'going on wiin the eironmentround us, thnatural vironmen

the feblooof the fest is theiver we ve here. evything rolves arnd this dy of war. the bad ing is tt it flows from thnorth f of theg fieldswhich picks a lot oaccumulaon ofifferentypes ochemical diffent typeof runof bothatural a manmade the befits of is fores that d't get rognized ishis wate this hyology is cleed by thforest. these nefits sead to l the coties arod us beuse of t river stems. the cleawatethat theenjoy a resulof this rest her these complete intact elder communities.

(waves lapping) (singing in hawaiian) - this is theastern int of theig islanof hawai so we me here r our sunrise lebratio. and toonor thereation. t this wld all beonsiderepart of rigious cemonies of theawaiians and ofourse, a of thes actices re outlad, tlawed a made criminalere in haii

the misonaries til 1978 "hmoku he 'a, he wa he mok" means "e island "moku", "is canoe", a'a", "the wa'is an isnd". we think of it as a canoe. we're in the middle of the pacific. you got to learn to get along. and everybody's got to pull for the canoe. (gentle music) agroforestry, contrary to popular belief, is far from a new idea; it's actually the old idea. people used to live off tree foods, fore plants. inawaii thsystem w called (eaking haiian) whh means grofores. archibd menzs, the botani and biogist

with grge vancver in t orinal engsh expedions, first rerded in s logs to t royal ldon sociy e fact tt he'd sn agculte in hawi like hd never en anywherelse befo d thathese sysms wereore abdant, re proctivthan anying they hadver expeenced ound theorld. he also ded thathe ly thi left too is to make plantation workers out of these people. the united states, through the illegal takeover of hawaii in 1893 to 1898, undermined hawaii's agricultural capacities. hawaii moved into this raging sugarcane monocrop production, as well as pineapple monocrop production, wherein they totally decimated the land. and organizations like monsanto, they got a foothold in hawaiian in the 1950s.

these indigenous practices... disregarded by the americans from 1898 to the present day, have ledo the enronmenl gradatioof hawai (sawin we sll have e memory and 're workg on trying treesblish those fo systems food forts are digned to capte water d hold wer. foodorests survivin drougs. food fores survivempacts duri the gre storm where ricultur fields twdimensiol lines not. (soft sic) the lational intective coonent

ofhe biogy of a rest is ite diffent than aarden orn agricultal field it was important that weork with a residential zoning so that any experimentation would be applicable to a household in honolulu, in the larger, more metropolitan oruburbaareas ofhe state we'rlooking at tryin to pitively pact sing-family dwellis arnd food curity and fo prepareess in aemergencsituatio r either manade or a natal disasr. (soft music) when you look out over the central plain, the northern central plain of the island, these plains were once covered with food forests

and forest with timber trees as high as 100 feet. these uplands were turned over to some englishmen who brought in sctish catemen. th simply ought degration tohese lan, and ey callethis sucss. (drizzng) (chatting) (rning)

aucet ruing) - basilly, we' tryi to reve ny of thpracticeof old d gettinpeople to reaze that. t everytng is stantanes ke goingo the suarket and geing yourood. it tak time. rit now weave a oup rvestingalo, whi is taro food fortry for would b tegratg dierent crs in. family propey, so thayou're n raising st the o item

at you would wt for youramily. on our pperty with myrandpares, we have e kalo, e breadfit. we also had bananas. several varieties of bananas a little bit of everything. (st music) is rightere, thiss 'olena to us it 'olena, buthat's tmeric. ght here this oneas a bloom and that part of the nger famy. sohere's yr brdfruit rht there u can sesome of e young frts startg in on . and thuhi, or m... ishat vinehat's creepingp on theree. they're tually working th each her.