(wind whistling) - wee been dng this forillennia

when say milnnia, thateans morthan one no western concept of conservation is that old. (soft music) people like muir and these other consvationis, leopold, they justhought nody livedut her wilderne as a wierness. at's notrue. we'vbeen in is part of e countr for thounds of thounds of yrs. we knohow to mage natural sources, and we neeto tk about . we neethe true hiory of arica. (st orchesal music) if we lo at the qudary at we fi ourselv in toda roughouthe west, we havever increasing size and scale and intensity of wildfire. humans have excluded fire from this natural system and ha creatednnural condions as result. fire is ourelationand we need to work with fire. indigeno people ofhis couny r a veryong timethey've beenanagg the la,

usinculturalndicors, usinculturalnowledge ing tradiol storie doing prcribed fe, using wh they kn is od for tir place (soforchestr music) (bird whtling) part of at's wrong wi america ishat peop don't understandhat thesforests at they pire to e-europe wereeally a result of nate americs... derstandg thnatura cycles that cur out ere. oft orchtral mus) uffalo hd rumbli) - as f as indian peopl bualo in a their htory, ey were r econom they wereur food,ur clothg. thenilled toear extition.

bringinthese anals ck, not ly are ty health foeatingut also for our irituali and a g part oour culte, st makinus wholegain. it's aeali in thatay also. oft orchtralusic) - pa of whathey didn'tnderstan the orinal englisexpeditis, was thathat theyere looking atas in nare. it's nature in relationship with humans over 1,000 years. - eaf] theact th we're stilhere tay in anform... is a testant t adaptaon and rilience. rickets irping)

- my ne is micel kotutwjohnson. i'm member othe ho tribe. we're loted up inorthern izona about miles northeasof flagsff. we le in whathey call a si-arid cmate. it right ithe midd a bigroug period, wh they ca extremerought. after grandfaer passe aw, i stard gettinseeds om diffent peoplout here, ani starteplanting. what i d was i open up moreields, because wanted tplant mo d increa the supy oforn thate had. d you casee... so of our ans that i h planted. e doing etty goodown her they're starng to comep prettyood.

these e calledatico. th're browlima bea. so there doingretty go. ey look etty strg, 'cau there'so much moisturen the ound. no irration, fks. (soft inrument music) and u can sein certa spots thcorn is arting tcome up from out a fo depth. so in out a we, these ll reallbe showi real good he. you kn what i an? real good. it a good y today, becae you casee om theseittle on, th've got ttle dew ops on theright he. the are ouchildren in the hi way the e our chdren. today is a gooday, cause i'm a dadd (laughing (soft instrumental music) (birds chirps) (metal clinking) i've had my own problems in my life like everybody else.

alcohol wamy achils heel f the lonst time, d i found a wato... diose of tha bui found way out here tdeal witthat. when was lite bo being drped off t here spding somsummers t here wh my grafather, i learned a lot. but as i got older and i went through all my lifecycle and all my drinking and stuff, i was able to come out of that. and only came out of that because i got back into what i really love and enjoy. and i feel like a lot of people out here, if they would get back into farming and learn from this, they wouldn't have near as big of a problem out here. (soft instrumental music) - tradion tellus th we mustave corn so corn s been t main stap for the hi people yohave to ve three year supply corn.

threyears'upplof corn, beuse usuay a drout las about ree year and we'vhad some oughts o here. e traditn was th their faer was aarmer, and wouldake the kidsrow up fming. art themoeing, pnting with plantinstick. anevery kigrew up othe farm today,o kid grs up on farm, cause thr parent stped farmg. if you don't farm and grow your food, you lose your independence. but if you're farming and growing your own food, you don't need the government. so you're independent. - the hopi farming, to me, the destruction, in just looking back at our history, was just the introduction of cattle. the federal government came in,

and they thought that we could use these cattle and as a way to... do better. what it started to do by bringing in these livestock animals, it started bringing in the concept of what they call privatization. so people felt like they owned it. it wasn't shared as readily as you would a crop, and therefore you had a concept of privatization, which, in my mind, broke down a lot of our society, a lot of our community bonds with each other. in a drought year like we've had the last two years, there's no way they can survive, so you wind up just drastically cutting back their herds, people selling their cattle. i'm out here just trying to not change the system, but i'm trying to hold on to the system that's been existing for over 2,000 years and to encourage people to keep farming. (criets chirng) so these are just some of the varieties that we raise. i uld haveo say th is pbably amica's origin sweet corn vietyere,

because is type seed ishat th wouldind some these prehisric dwelngs. this is red variy. d this ia purple ke a viot variet the are ju our blu cornarietiesere. wereate abt 42 difrent pes of dishes om hopi rn, everythi from puings to ups. is is oublooin a lot ofays. thiis who ware. when i w at cornell unersity, en i tald about corn, th said at i eded 3inches o annual rnfall year. okaythey're anting depthsere an ih. our plting deps, because of the w our coris, beuse that where the istures at, cago anywherfrom o feet a the wayp. er time,hey've apted. they havwhat the ca a growi region called an epicotyl it's the initial growing point comes out, and it's elongated. it has an elongated epicotyl, so it comes up from that. whereas in hybrid rn, it's only about probab about a ch growi region. ou is aboutwo feet it can pbably goonger.

i wod imaginif i put itown foureet, it wld stillome up. eans rating) (soft instrumental music) drland farng means th basical u dot use irgation. we don believen irrigaon. that'shy thesearieties e sorought-terant, becauswe don't iigate. this is ere i ha my bean th are staing to popp out here. the white ma beans (diggi) we clearinit down wherit gets isture fi lima be seeds in tre or so thesare likeuper see, u know? they'vvery tou. they're ke us, a so, cause th're likes, theyurviveike us. limid amountf water, a lot ofurturing lot of cing, lot of cmunity blding. thiss about foot.

convential agricture goeso out righhere. at's whayour plaer is desied to goown an ih. th's it. igging) our eay corn, put in rly to coiide with our ho dances. that'd bsweet coyellow corndifferenvarietie we d't get a rains he althe way om usuallfrom apr all the y till t monsoon which ishe last ek in ju. for us tgrow this with oy six to0 inches annual ecipitatn ismazing. (soft muc) this year i t in aut six diffent variies of cn. you'veot to gr them outvery yea you trto go ateast e row ouevery ye, because e climatchanges, and so, less youo that, the plantson'tdapt, they won't change.

and when we're going through climate change throughout the globe, we need to have that biodiversity, cause biiversity can react and can adapt, justike we suld, but ey know w to do at. those lile seedlgs kn how to that. wes human ings are rgettingow to that. these are the w generation. these have been geared to adapt to what they call climate change. (st instruntal mus) (rer babblg) (speakinin karukanguage) this rig here is o country this iwhere we wereorn and ised, justike our ng ago pele were.

our ligion i surval in th place. li in thislace for countls generaons, thousa of year it hard toay it a religio it'seally magement practices that have evolved in this place to surviv and fire, in our creation stories, there's ways a rognition thatire has ways beehere, it always en a pt of us. (soft strumental mic) - thkaruk pele have ved here forhousandsf years. and orns for tive peoe here were staple their le... of the diet, th was deemeat and alof tse plant thatre arounus th yield dferent eble resourcethrougho the yea in ordeto have ose sources a predictab time, in a prectable qntity, in predictle area, you need to ha a handlon niputing thavegetation

to inhit the pnts you didn want the and toncouragend basicallfertiliz e plantshat you diwant tre. a loof the bning had beenone by wen from awo mile dius aroundhe villa site. and that was to produce a fine grain mosaic being oak woodlands and grasslands. - they put fire on the ground, underneath the trees to burn up old acorns and leaves and duff to make it easier to pick the acorns when they fall. also tt smoke,utting tt oke up io the capy.. suppsses theugs. what tse women essentiay were dng besis enhancg food sours, baskey resours, all ththings tt yoneeded tsurvive,

at the se time, ey were eminatinghe ris wildfirto eir commities. fis don't rn in thblack, whe fire h alreadyeen. that's h you putut fis with bkfires. wh a wild re ts it, igoes out because runout of fl. when youe this cstant, regur, low iensity fe being puon the ldscape athis commity scal noa refighng force t anybody goinout there toight fir nobody w fighting ything. they we workinwith fir to enhan resoues and protect eir commity. (somber sic) - fire suppressionnd exclusion with first colonation, diseases that cimated native populations, that limited severely there number of ignitions

and the complexity of their stewardship d agrofostry stems arnd fire e. and th youad settlent, whetr there s direct displacent, native peoe being moved out their vlages, put reservaons and otherancheri. thenou hadhe dtruction of tt cultur fire reme. anthen folwing tha initl periodf colozation, en thereas a very song emphis on spressingll fires whether ey were ghtning orhey wererson orn-permitd ignitis, theyere to b suppress in the terest of timberesourceand prottion of mmunies. (somber sic) - eaf] supessing wildre or anfire waa really a poly maate of tse early fit rangerhere. theyrrested ople, put pelen jail. those cemonial actices,he rituafire thatas pt of ournnual worlrenewal remony was outlawed and people were put in jail for it. (spirited music)

- [narrator] wood for war! the navy nee wood. ey air fces needood fotroop-rrying gders. well need r forest but thforest he a viciou puic enemyumber on fire, thless, vastatinforest fe wiping out hom destroyg criticalar materls, taki its annl toll olives! - [leaf]e have 1 yearof scari people out the il effec of fi and howire is el. smey bea one of e most effecte propagda campaigns th the wld hasver know has ne such good job instillg fear ofire in the geral popule. - [lea and now y ha a condion where we eentiallyaven't h fire, and th with ineasing climaticonditis temperares, denfication and ild up auels,

drght streed, high fu load, vy dry fost, we s many conditns in thwest anparticully in cafornia and sohwest oron that n we're sing we'r ving catastrophic fis fires tt are laer inxtent ansevety, mo extensi andore damang th has evebeen in recded histy. but it's all built around fighting. fighting fire, is not a fight you can win, and it's not something that people should be trying to fight. how can we engage with fire? how can we embrace fire as a partner? because that's what it is. it's the best partner we have. (clunking) (chatting)

- myrandfath, he would nd of kn, "oh, i fl like i gonna rn todayit feelsight." i rember as kid growg up and beinlike, "i todaa good bn day?" anhe'd be ke, "no, is too we" or like,no, not t." and en he'd art feelg like youould jus.. he'do out anhe'd be ke, "i thinkoday's a od burn y." and he go out d he'd lig a fire. and th sometim it woul't go hohe wand, so hd stop. anthen he'go back in aew me days, mae he tri again, and ybe it wasood, so hd go fort. (light instrumental music) this is the panamnik tishawnik village area. we swim here. we fish here. we... we gather here ceremonially for the deerskin dances, r all the other dances

that we' all kind of co to our ole live and this is alon your nd whenou're stding jus this onspot. (lghin (fire ackling) traditiolly, thiplace wod have bn burned. fomany reans, for thering, fobasket wving materis, cultul reason the larr picture of theountryoday, th a lotf these rger wildres happing, yocan use ltal knowlge drive aot of the magement pctices at tie dectly intoroction an ldfire itances. there'a lot of histy inhese plas, anthere's lot ofistory iplaces for myamily asell. myister lis he athe end othe road t same redence whermy grand was raid and her parents lived.

i know that people on this lane, especially, are really excited for the burning to happen, because they did experience the dance fire back in 2013. i s at my ster'souse whenhe fire arted. weere crking acorns in heriving ro. d as sooas i wald ouon the pch, there s just le this wl flames ross thetreet. and it was already in the canopies of all the doug firs across thetreet. (sombemusic) - was suca terrib year. we h like haly any rn, no snobig timeefore. it justook off.t came strght at o house. th little tty bit clead land rht here is what opped thfire fro tang all tse other hses. a lot of people were like, "dang, if you guys hadn't cleared your property out before the fire it probably would've lost the whole neighborhood. and so wwere like weere real lucky cause thtribe heed us do th at the me too, otheise we woun't have been able to it by oselves, cau cause i s like us nineonths prnantoo,

en we boht the prerty. (cckles) i wa't much lp to anybody the te. so is reallyood to see corolled bns. d then, ah, one ew can takeare of ahole are vers having army of firefhters cong, fighng a fir i mean, en it ts to th point, yes, we tta do, t you dot need t let it g to thatoint. (fe cracklg) personali'm a clinicalocial woer, d a lot what i al with with lot of tive peoe, we have a lot of trauma. we have really high rates of suide and depressio d a lot that hato doith the sruption of our cture andur regions anour way living. and a loof our proble that weave wi the weaer and cmate change and erythg becausef the sa disruptn, thsame disption of trng to ma somethi fit a ceain kindf box. and i ink that how a lot westernultures have beewith non-westn cultur,

d i thinthat's h they've kindf been wh nature and i thinkt's time too learn om each other and me better d bow toach othes knowlee inertain aas. (rer babblg) - we useire for lot things ceremon crting a rple thatalls the saon up thriver. the p of bla mountain that wld burn f, it dins intohe mp creekatershed and so at that time of year, you're kind of at one of the warmest periods for the river temperatures, and so when you burn off the understory and thsmall plts, you no longer have things using that surface water, so you have more cold water groundwater inputs into your streams. the smoke in the air reduces the heat,

the radiant heat from the sun on the water, and so that contributes to colder temperatures the riv as well d so justhese little mine change th happenebased on theuman actity in thiceremonyf ghting tt mounta actuallyas scienfically vad connecons to cling the sh up thriver. (sofmusic) our relion we practices pic-yaish, tranated as orld renal". so the karuk people were fix-the-world pele. toy, we' gon go downnd we'reonna fis ishi pii falls. it's ver.. it's verromantic in someeople's es, very fstratingnd other. i'm bo of thos i lovet, that' my way olife, but e healthf the rir runs pallel wi the health othe peop. we need tout to acon, the ysical aions on the lancape.

we've t to sta eaning t sacred ails. d cleani the fore once agn. erythinge do in our rld the salm benefitfrom. (soft orestral mic) - in outribal cemony is tfix e worl it's n just to fixed th creek or f our family orix our rer. we wanto fix t whole wld, because things e wrong re, they'rwrong onhe other si of the rld too. th's just e way th rld workon the bance. so iour trib we knewhat fix theorld cerony, c-ya-wh, even small grp ofeople wi great ergy, grt focus d pure tught

n actual trigger the rld, thearth, and put back onts balan. ire cracing) (winwhistlin (chanting in foreign language) (steady drumming) (cro cheerin

(calm muc) (wind llowing) - soe've broht buffa back herat blacket. i thinin 1974,e started to storanimals ck to he. and therwasn't aeal big. interestand i gus cause bualo had en gone om our cture foro long,

being most hund to near extinction. so the biggest pt of why o people. have nev seen th. so afterhey wereilled toear tinction king wayor cattlfor this couny, thingwere los our nguage, r way ofeligion. losi lan ese anals here are myassion, bringinghese anima back d returng that partf our cuure. name isrvin caron, d i'm a mber of thblackfeenation anpresidenof the intertril buffo counci i'm here today to respectfully urge passage of h.r. 5153, the indian buffalo manament a, toreate a rmanent trib buffalo storatioand manament proam with the deptment of thenterior. buffalare sacr americaindians.

historical rords indate thatmerican dians relied heavily on buffalo for survival. buffalo provided us food, shelter, clothing and essential tools. in the early 1800s, the buffalo population in north america exceeded 30 million, and the american indian population was near seven million. the military systematically eliminated buffalo to eliminate the indians. in addition, westward expansion and the greed of non-indian buffalo hunters reduced the buffalo population to 500 and the indian population to 250,000 by the turn of the century. with confinement of indians to reservation lands, indians had lost their primary food source, lifestyle and independence. in 1991, a handful of indian tribes organized the intertribal bison cooperative to begin restoration of buffalo to indian tribes. day, t itbc is compsed of 6tribes

ross 19 ates wit 55uffalods, collectily the lgest herdn the united stas. thbuffo are ve good stewards of e land. theye a turally miating anal. they d't just stay inne area d overgraze. ey're narally miating. if they t enoughoom to rm, theyl move fm area tarea the cale and t other animals,hey'll orgraze if youeep themnly in one aa too lo. you d't have to take care of them. they te care othemselves. ey're very hardy animals. and weust had real severe wter thisast year a lot ofattle we lost. but we dn't loseny bualo to tt weathe theyust mainin, and ey'll ju turn thr heads into t storm a go to it,nd they n't...