(wind whistling) - wee been dng this forillennia

when say milnnia, that mns more an one. no western concept of conservation is that old. (soft music) people like muir and these other consvationis, leopold, they justhought nody livedut her wilderne as a wierness. at's notrue. we'vbeen in is part of e countr for thounds of thounds of yrs. we knohow to mage natural sources, and we neeto tk about . we neethe true hiory of arica. (st orchesal music) if we lo at the qudary at we fi ourselv in toda roughouthe west, we havever increasing size and scale and intensity of wildfire. humans have excluded fire from this natural system anhave creed unnural coitions aa result fire is ourelationand we need to work with fire. - indinouseopl this cotry foa very lg time, ey've been magg the la,

usinculturalndicors, usinculturalnowledge ing tradiol stors, doing escribedire, using wh they kn is od for tir place (soft chestralusic) (bird whtling) part of at's wrong th ameri is that ople don unrsta that the forest at they pire to e-europe were rlly a result of nive amerans... derstandg thnatura cycles that cur out ere. oft orchtral mus) uffalo hd rumbli) - as f as indi people, buffo in allheir hisry, ey were r econom they wereur food,ur clothg. thenilled toear extition. bringinthese anals ck, not ly are ty health

r eatingut also for ouspirituaty and a g part oour culte, st makinus wholegain. it's aeali in thatay also. oft orchtralusic) - pa of whathey didn'tnderstan the orinal englisexpeditis, was th what th were looking was in ture. it's nature in relationship with humans over 1,000 years. - eaf] theact th we're stilhere tay in anform... a testant t adaptati and rilience. rickets irping)

- my ne is micel kotutwjohnson. i'm a meer of thho tribe. we're loted up inorthern izona out 90 mes noheast oflagstaff we le in whathey call a si-arid cmate. it right ithe midd a big dught perd, whathey callxtreme dught. after grandfaer passe aw, i stard gettinseeds om diffent peoplout here, ani starteplanting. what i d was i open up moreields, cause i nted to ant more and incrse the sply corn th we had. d you casee... so of our ans that i h planted. e doing etty goodown her they're starng to comep prettyood.

these e calledatico. th're browlima bea. so they' doing ptty good they loopretty song, 'cau there'so much moisturen the grnd. no irrigion, fol. (soft inrument music) and yocan see certainpots the rn is stting to me uprom abt a footepth. so in out a we, these ll reallbe showi real good he. you kn what i an? real good. it's good datoday, becausyou can e fr these ltle ones th've got ttle dew ops on theright he. ese are r childr. in the hi way the e our chdren. today is a gooday, cause m a dadd (laughing (soft instrumental music) (birds chirps) (metal clinking) i've had my own problems in myife likeverybodylse.

alcohol wamy achils heel f the lonst time, d i found a wato... diose of tha bui found way out here tdeal witthat. when ias littlboy, beg droppeoff out re ending se summerout hereith my gndfather i learned a lot. but as i got older and i went through all my lifecycle and all my drinking and stuff, i was able to come out of that. and only came out of that because i got back into what i really love and enjoy. and i feel like a lot of people out here, if they would get back into farming and learn from this, they wouldn't have near as big of a problem out here. (soft instrumental music) - tradion tellus th we mustave corn so corn s been t main stap for the hi people yohave to ve three year supply corn.

threyears'upply corn, becae usualla drough las about ree yes and 've had me drough out her e traditn was th their faer was aarmer, and he wld make e ds grow farming art themoeing, pnting with plantinstick. anevery kigrew up othe farm today,o kid grs up on farm, cause thr parent stped farmg. if you don't farm and grow your food, you lose your independence. but if you're farming and growing your own food, you don't need the government. so you're independent. - the hopi farming, to me, the destruction, in just looking back at our history, was just the introduction of cattle. the federal government came in,

and they thought that we could use these cattle and as a way to... better. what istarted to do by bringing in these livestock animals, it started bringing in the concept of what they call privatization. so people felt like they owned it. it wasn't shared as readily as you would a crop, and therefore you had a concept of privatization, which, in my mind, broke down a lot of our society, a lot of our community bonds with each other. in a drought year like we've had the last two years, there's no way they can survive, so you wind up just drastically cutting back their herds, people selling their cattle. i'm out here just trying to not change the system, but i'm trying to hold on to the system that's been existing for over 2,000 years and to encourage people tkeep farng. (criets chirng) so these are just some of the varieties that we raise. i uld haveo say th is pbably amica's origin sweet corn viety he,

because is type seed ishat th would fd some these prehisric dwelngs. is is a d variy. d this ia purple ke a viot variet the are ju our blu cornarietiesere. wereate abt 42 difrent pes of dishes om hopi rn, everythi from puings to ups. this is r blooin a lot ofays. thiis who ware. when i w at cornell unersity, en i tald about corn, ey said at i eded 33 inches o annual rnfall a ar. okay? ey're plting depths we an inc our planng depths, becse of the w our coris, beuse that where the istures at, cago anywherfrom o feet a the wayp. er time,hey've apted. they havwhat the ca a growi region called an epicotyl it's the initial growing point comes out, and it's elongated. it has an elongated epicotyl, so it comes up from that. whereas in hybrid rn, it's only about probab about a ch growing regio ou is aboutwo feet it can pbably goonger.

i wod imaginif i put itown foureet, itould sti come up (bns rattlg) (soft instrumental music) drland farng means th basical u don'use irrition. we don'telieven irrigaon. that's w these vieties arso dught-tolant, becae we don't iigate. this iwhere i ve my bes. th are staing to popp out here. the white ma beans (digng) werelearing down to where gets moture ve lima an seeds inhere or . thesare likeuper see, u know? they'vvery tou. they're ke us, a so, cause th're likes, theyurvive le us. limid amountf water, a loof nurtung, a lot caring, a t of comnity buiing. thiss about foot. convential agricture goeso out righhere.

at's whayour plaer is desied to goown an ih. that it. igging) our eay corn, put in rly to coiide with our ho dances. that'd bsweet co, llow corn, fferent rieties. weon't getny rainsere althe way om usuallfrom apr all thway tillhe monso, which ishe last ek in ju. for us tgrow this with oy six to0 inches annual ecipitatn ismazing. (soft muc) this year i t in aut six diffent variies of cn. you'veot to gr them outvery yea you trto go ateast e row ouevery ye, because e climatchanges, and so, less youo that, the plantson'tdapt, they won't change.

and when we're going through climate change throughout the globe, we need to have that biodiversity, cause biiversity can react and can adapt, justike we suld, but ey know w to do at. those lile seedlgs kn how to that. wes human ings are rgettingowo do tha these are the w generation. these have been geared to adapt to what they call climate change. (st instruntal mus) iver babing) peaking karuk lguage) this rig here isur count. this iwhere we wereorn and ised, justike our ng ago pele were.

oureligions suival in is place. living in th place f couness genetions, thousandf years. it hard toay it a religio 'seally magement practices that have evolved in this place to survive. and fire, in our creation stories, there's ways a rognition thatire has ways beehere, it always en a pt of us. (soft strumental mic) - thkaruk pele have ved here forhousandsf years. and acns for nati people re were staple their le... of the diet, th was deemeat and alof the plants that a around us th yield dferent eble resourcethrougho the yea so in orr to havthose resourceat a prectab time, in a prectable qntity, in predictle area, you need to ha a handlon niputing thavegetation

to iibit thelants you di't want ere and toncouragend basicallfertiliz thplants tt you did nt tre. a loof the bning had beenone by wen from awo mile dius aroundhe villa site. and that was to produce a fine grain mosaic being oak woodlands and grasslands. - they put fire on the ground, underneath the trees to burn up old acorns and leaves and duff to make it easier to pick the acorns when they fall. also tt smoke,utting tt oke up io the capy. suppsses theugs. whathose wom essentiay were dng besideenhancinfood source basketrresource all ththings tt u neededo surviv

the samtime, th were elinating t risk wildfirto eir commities. fis don't rn in thblack, whe fire h alreadyeen. that'sow you p out fires wi backfir. when a wd fire hits i it goesut, because runout of fl. when youave this cstant, regur, low iensity fe being puon the ldscape athis commity scal noa firefighng force t anybody ing out therto fightire. nobody w fighting anhing. they werworking th fire to enhance resoues and protect eir commity. omber music) - fire suppressionnd exclusion with first colonation, diseases that cimated native populations, that limited severely there number of ignitions

and the complexity of their stewardship d agrofostry stems arnd fire e. and th you h settlemt, whethethere wa rect displacent, native peoe being moved out their vlages, puon resertions and otr rancheas. thenou hadhe dtruction of tt cultur fire reme. and thenollowinghat itial peod of colozation, then the was a verytrong emasis on spressingll fires whether ey were ghtning orhey wererson orn-permitd ignitis, theyere to b suppress in the terest of timberesourceand prottion ocommunies. (somber sic) - [lf] supprsing wildfi or any re waa really a poly maate ofhose ear rst rangs here. th arrestepeople, put ople in jail so thoseeremonia practice the ritl fire thatasart of o annual wod renewaceremony was outlawed and people were put in jail for it. (spirited music)

- [narrator] wood for war! the navy nee wood. ey air fces needood fotroop-rrying gders. well need r forest but thforest he a cious publ enemy nber one! fire, thless, vastatg forestire wipingut hom destroyg criticalar materls, taki its annl toll olives! - [leaf]e have 1 yearof scari people out the il effec of fi and howire is el. smey bea one of e most effecte propagda campaigns th the wld hasver know has ne such good job instillg fear ofire in the geral popule. - [lea and now y ha a condion where we eentiallyaven't h fire, and th with ineasing climaticondions temperares, denfication and ild up auels,

drght streed, high fu load, vy dry fost, we s many conditns in thwest anparticully in cafornia and sohwest oron that n we're sing we'r ving catasophic fis orires thaare larg in eent and vety, mo extensi andore damang an has er been in rorded hiory. but it's all built around fighting. fighting fire, is not a fight u can win, and it's not something that people should be trying to fight. how can we engage with fire? how can we embrace fire as a partner? because that's what it is. it's the best partner we have. (clunking) (chatting)

- myrandfath, he would ki of know h, i feelike i'monna rn todayit feelsight." i rember as kid growg up and beinlike, "i todaa good bn day?" and 'd be li, "no, it'too wet, or like,no, not t." and en he'd art feelg like youould jus.. he'do out anhe'd be ke, "i thinkoday's a od burn y." and he go out d he'd lig a fire. and th sometim it woul't go hohe wand, so hd stop. anthen he'go back in aew mordays, maybhe triedgain, and mae it wasood, so hd go fort. (light instrumental music) this is the panamnik tishawnik village area. we swim here. we fish here. we... we gher here ceremonially for the deerskin dances, for all the other dances

that wve all kind of come to our whole lives. and this is alon your nd when y're stanng just inhis one ot. (laughing) (fire ackling) traditiolly, thiplace wod have bn burned. fomany reans, for thering, fobasket wving materis, cultul reason the larr picture theountryoday, wi a lot othese laer wildres happing, yocan use ltal knowlge drive aot of the magement pctices at tie dectly intoroction an ldfire itances. there'a lot histy inhese plas, anthere's lot ofistory iplaces for myamily asell. myister lis he athe end othe road on t same redence whermy grand was raid and her parents lived.

i know that people on this lane, especially, are really excited for the burning to happen, because they did experience the dance fire back in 2013. i s at my ster house wh the firstarted. weere crking acorns in heriving ro. d as sooas i wald ouon the pch, there s just le this wl flames ross the strt. and it was already in the canopies of all the doug firs across thetreet. (sombemusic) - was suca terrib year. we h like haly any rn, no snobig timeefore. it ju took of it came saight atur house th little tty bit clead land rht here is whastopped e fire fm king allhese oer hses. a lot of people were like, "dang, if you guys hadn't cleared your property out before the fire it probably would've lost the whole neighborhood. and so wwere like weere real lucky cause thtribe heed us do th at the me too, otheise weoun't haveeen le to dot by ourlves, cau cause i s like us nineonths prnantoo,

en we boht the prerty. (cckles) i wa't much lp to anybody the te. so is reallyood to see corolled bns. d then, ah, one ew can takeare of ahole are veus havinan army of firighters ming, fighti a fire. i mean, en it ts to th point, yes, we tta do, t you dot need t let it g to thatoint. (fe cracklg) personali'm a clinicalocial woer, d a lot what i al with with lot of tive peoe, we have a lot of trauma. we have really high rates of suide and depressio d a lot that hato doith the sruption of our cture andur regions anour way living. and a t of our probms that have wi the weaer and cmate change and erythg becausef the sa disruptn, thsame disption of trng to ma somethi fit a ceain kindf box. and think th's how a lot westernultures ve been th n-westercultures

d i thinthat's h they've kindf been wh nature and i thinkt's time too learn om each other and me better d bow toach othes knowlee inertainreas. (rer babblg) - we useire for lot things ceremon crting a rple thatalls the saon up thriver. the p of bla mountai that wou burn of it dins intohe mp creekatershed and so at that time of year, you're kind of at one of the warmest periods for the river temperatures, and so when you burn off the understory and thsmall plts, you no longer have things using that surface water, so you have more cold water groundwater inputs into your streams. the smoke in the air reduces the heat,

the radiant heat from the sun on the water, and so that contributes to colder temperatures the riv as well d so justhese ttle mine change thatappened sed on the han activy in thiceremonyf ghting tt mounta actuallyas scienfically vad connecons to cling the sh up thriver. (st music) our relion we practices pic-yaish, trslated a"world rewal". so the karuk people were fix-the-world people. day, we' gon go downnd we'reonna fis ishi pii falls. it's ver.. it's verromantic in someeople's es, very fstratingnd other. i'm bo of thos i lovet, that' my way olife, but e healthf the rir runs parlel withhe alth of e people we need to p to acti, the phical actns on the ldscape.

we've t to sta eaninghe sacretrails. we've goto startgniting d cleani the fore once agn. erythinge in our rld the salm benefitfrom. (soft orestral mic) - in our ibal cerony is to x e worl it's n just to fixed th creek or f our family orix our rer. we wt to fixhe wholeorld, because things e wrong re, they'rwrong onhe other si of the rld too. th's just e way th rld workon the bance. so iour trib we knewhat fix theorld cerony, c-ya-wh, even small grp ofeople wi great ergy, grt focus d pure tught

n actual trigger the rld, thearth, and put back onts balan. (fe cracklg) (wind istling) (chanting in foreign language) (steady drumming) (cro cheerin

(calm muc) (wind llowing) - soe've broht buffa back herat blacket. i thk in 197 we started to ste animalback to re. and therwasn't aeal big. interestand i gus cause bualo had en gone from ourulture f so long

being most hund to near extinction. so the biggest pt of why o people. ve nevereen them after ty were kled to nr tinction making w for cate for th cotry, this were lt. our ngge, our way of rigion... losi land. ese animhere are my psion, bringinghese anima back d returng that partf our cuure. name isrvin caron, d i'm a mber of thblackfeenation anpresidenof t intertril buffo counci i'm here today to respectfully urge passage of h.r. 5153, the indian buffalo management a, to cate a peanent tribaluffalo storatioand manament proam with the deptment of thenterior. buffalare sacr americaindians.

historical rords indate th americaindians relied heavily on buffalo for survival. buffalo provided us food, shelter, clothing and essential tools. in the early 1800s, the buffalo population in north america exceeded 30 million, and the american indian population was near seven million. the military systematically eliminated buffalo to eliminate the indians. in addition, westward expansion and the greed of non-indian buffalo hunters reduced the buffalo population to 500 and the indian population to 250,000 by the turn of the century. with confinement of indians to reservation lands, indians had lost their primary food source, lifestyle and independence. in 1991, a handful of indian tribes organized the intertribal bison cooperative to begin restoration of buffalo to indian tribes. day, t itbc is compsed of 6tribes

across 1states wh buffalods, collectily the lgest herdn the united stes. e ffalo are ry good stewards othe land theye a narally migring anim. they d't just stay inne area d overgraze. ey're narally miating. if they t enoughoom to rm, theyl move fm area tarea. the ttle andhe other animals,hey'll orgraze if youeep themnly in one aa too lo. you d't have to take care of them. they te care othemselves. ey're very hardynimals. and we jt had a al vere winr this pt year. a lot ofattle we lost. but weidn't lo any ffalo tohat weatr. they jt mainta, and ey'll st turn eir head into t storm a go to it,nd they n't...