ross 19 ates wit 55uffalods, collectily the lgest herdn the united stas. thbuffalo are ry good stewards othe land theye a turally miating anal. theyon't justo stay one areand overgraze. ey're narally miating. if they t enoughoom to rm, theyl move fm area tarea. the cale and t other animals,hey'll orgraze if youeep themnly in one aa too lo. you don't havto take care of them. they te care othemselves. ey're very hardy animals. and we jt had a al vere winr this pt year. lot of ctle wereost. but weidn't lo any ffalo tohat weatr. theyust mainin, and they'll st turn eir head into t storm a go to it,nd they n't...

rn awaand turnheir ils intohe storm likeomestic imals will. - u think out the ffalo beg the biest climate ange adaer an anal in thworld, ani mean f cenries and thsands an ousands years. now 're in aage thathey're gonna ha to adapto this and ey can eily adap because their hr. eir hairs so difrent than cowide, rig? it four tis more tck, buthey alsgrow mor hairor the wter. then ty shed i for the suer. and so is just aatural inlator bo ways. if y look att economally, how manyattle doou lose? how mu more feed do you haveo feed t cow comparedo a buffo? d then t water siation to buffalo n go twond a half ds witht drinki. they'reust ch more silient. (soft music) - today we're gonna move them animals

to the north side of the pasture. (buflo herd mbling) li i say, em beingone so lon iwas a re... reucating r own pele... to t animal. d it nev really,eally tookff untili would y, in t pt eight years startedhe... iinnii project.

nnii is e blackft word for buflo. and we started having dialogues, meeting with elders, meeting withur youngeople, and st talki about the rern of bualo. (childreshoutingnd laughg) (soft sic) (saking inlackfeet) - i ally leaed in my life that iwe were teach our young anything it h to be hds-on, i coul't be fr a book, and itouldn't from lee. they h to partipate in activy. you uld prepe them,

but th had to tually participe in it. so the sdents... in therades fr kindgarten tthe 12thrade, the was ma needs that t studenthad, d their ibal ideity waone of the most rongest ed thereas. (cttering) d they.. just tooto it ke a duck twater. th wanteto know erything (laughing and atteri) - r sisterribes is kaii and siika. d so nonof them ha a buffa herd. so i staed askinsome that elr ladies who ought wod probablyave know w to buter a buflo. and i id, "have you ys ever been ta buffalharvest? anthey're ke, "no, this iour firsone." and at was kda heartbreing to m that thawas theifirst e, d they'rlike 80 ars old. so tt whole netions ofot been le

toven be pt of that bualo. elicate sic) (children shouting) - we have these songs with us yet. may notave the remoni... t the sos are stl with u d we neepeople kn these sgs. becauswe're nogoing to baround a the tim i'm 90ears old d i don'expect t beere anotr year. of o creatore ask to be th us toy. our anceors, our ople in e past haveeft us se thingso follow (shoutg) we aed that u will dect us. (chantin

[ervinthese anals took ca of us iour begiing, in t olday. and no in a neway, there so taking care ous. d so we ke care them. (singingn blackft) (bids chping) - wee on theniversit ofrizona cpus. ll be dog my phd dense tomoow toet to be doctor philophy in tural reurces.

(soft muc) ve been er here little or 12 yea now, and it's been a long road for a nuer of reons, most of em persol. but at motived me to t here was i s wonderg why we weren't ae to u ourwn nservati techniqs. i'a 200 geration fmer. 200 genetion fmer. yoknow? and so alls i'm doing here is i'm learning a new language. i'm learning how to speak in the language that i've been taught here so that i'm able to have the people on this side of the fence understand where i'm coming from and at the same time take some of the goodness that i s in sciee and brinit back me too. 's a tou transitn for , and it a tough traition for a t of nate americs who wish tgo into the sciences, because there's this... constant tensions that exist within yourself.

you nt to help, but at t same ti you not wanto ploit yo culture d so it'a balancg act. is thaon there leme see. me on up it'sot cominup. (chatting) i want to stt f thisresentatn by firstivg you so- ask yoto take me seeds ofof this rn rightere. what youe holdinhere is not st corn,ut it's fe. this ithe roadp th we're gna follo and th particur map righhere called pi prophy rock. th is the rld that weurrent live in d you'll bunch o pele goinghis way up thipath rht here,nd you can e where ends. and at this telling us, on a real short brief,

is that a lot of us are gonna move away from our traditional value d our tritional stem. and u'll seeown here there's is old gentlen with h plantin ick and s plant, d his plts throu here, and thisine contins too on. and so what this is telling us down here is that if we if we believe in our traditional practice and pass it on to the next generation, we'll be able to continue on into the next world. the main reason why we're having all these barriers is that indians have the right to occupancy, buthey do t have t titlto theirwn land. people d't know th, but weon't. we're ustees othe federal vernment anwhat is is wholeuling based on, thisig rulin it's bed upon e ctrine odiscover th means tt you wereiscovere th's our land now. you can live there, but we still own it. so what is indigenous agricultural knowledge? what we're saying here is that it's applied knowledge for raising food and other agricultural products thats ground in indinous belief systemsnd practes

which ha been timeested ov millenn. i removethe rd "a" out of tre beuse i'm t just lking ju 1,000 yrs. i'talking llennia. so i'm tking to e plural for of that, over 2,000, 10,000 years. so this is contour farming. this is what it looks like. this is keeping soil erosion from happening by pnting peendicula we'vbeen doi the samthing. but fortunately,hese are scntifical validat. these actices e not, s weon't getunded fothat. makeno senseright? d i ask self, wellwho came up th the method first? (audience laughing) you know? 2,000 versus 75 years. i wonder about that. there's a great guy out there named leopold, and he says that he's the father of conservation or someone calling him that. i said, "well, that's youopinion." a lot of our knowledge has already been drafted and assumed a different type of name. "no till agriculture". we've been doing that forever.

there's a new one called "regenerative agriculture". we've been doing that forever. (laughing) look the pictures right here. 1901, 2015. look at the continuity. it hasn't changed. you don't see a $100,000 john deere 14 row planter out there. you see little hopis out there with their john deere hats and a planting stick. (group laughing) that's all you need, right? so this is what my whole presentation is really about. it's about our survival. it's about survival. 's about moving on into t next geration so ltle kids can hd corn like ts 100 yes from n. wi that, want tohank you (aience apauding) hatterin it was a very good experienceor me, but was a vy grling pcess at mes.

itas almosas though had to ove th our tecues werealid, thatur ancientonservatn chniquesorked. part ofy thing d part othat who process was just bringing the recognition back to the people who originally founded it. (bds whistng) we don'tave perfect owledge, weon have peect sciee, but we've always been adaptive. i think menominee's history has been adaptive to resrce nagement polical idea and leningow to death them,

but al stayingrue toultural entity. and at's the secr of thislace. thiss ancesal map, bere europn settlent. anthis repsents about 15illion aes here. betwee1817 and856, throh landecession.. 15 milon acres shrank to 23400 acres the 23400, justbout all it is maged. the federal gornment, theyelt thathe best y for menonees to assilate into the rest of society was to become farmers. but overall, the interest really wasn't there. (soft music) the menominees, being woodland people,

their real desire was to keep their land forested. d with tt being id, they petitionewith the fedel governnt allow se harvesting of some of the live trees on the forest. (birds whistling) - back in 1908, the menominee tribal enterprises was established in neopit here. and basically it was put here to supply jobs for the menominee people. before the s mill, therwasn't very much opportities foemployme. all the mber that'sroduced re mes fromhe menomee fores nominee rest is erated a sustaed yield magement stem actuallydvised byhief oshsh. advised that you starwith theising su and you t to the setting s and ke only the sick, dying, and the mature trees, and when you reach the end of the reservation

you turn back and cut back, you do at, the trees wod last fever. irds whiling) - ght now, currently there's more standing volume of timber on the forest now than there was back in 1854. so it is possible to have an economic harvest to deforest. if youo it in sustainae way, e forestan repla itself and u're notausing hm. (chainsabuzzing) (te fallin (chainsabuzzing) ree fallg)

what we' doing ithis section a redak salva. we'vhad some problemwith the oawilt fungus dias there's damage me of thlimbs on tree the fung gets inhere and basilly killthe ee withione seas. if y're tang out your lowuality tes, ur bettequality trs are reining. soe have treesn the forest that are 150, 200, some even up to 300 years old, and they're still healthy, so we don't consider them for removal. as far as climate change, one of the things at we doere is we have intensive forest management, forest protection strategy in place. at we trto do isurb any outse threatand disees such as oak wilt disease. (soft music) one of the ways to do that is to have a diverse fores wi all the pieces the. on meninee we ve over differe te specie

and weant to maintn that. examples would be our red maple trees. we have hickory in here. nice basswood. and we have some of the beech trees and other species of aspen is in here. so it's all a combination of trees growing. a lot of what you see in an industrial forest, they usually are more concerned with the value of timber, ether it be e specie like f exampleed pine plantatis in wisnsin. you' puttingll your emphas on one ecies. as fars a longerm heal managemt strate it'sot a gooidea. hang a divse standf forest le we do menomin is your st defen against any ouide probms like at. it's morthan just timbern the fost. it'sore thanust the doar amounthat youet. the trees offer a whole bunch of other things that they don't put value on. and someday they'll put a value on what that tree is worth

as far as carbon sequeration, clean air, clean water, erosn control, and all the rest that has no dollar value. i think menominees understood that a long time ago, because the operations were created not just to make money but to create jo and to maintain a mmunity. and you maintain a healthy community with all of these other values into consideration. (lauing and shouting) (phone ringing) - most companies will always have a certain tree farm or something that they have

and that they grow certain species, anthen thelook at the mkets, and en the markes hot on thispecies othat spees, that's wt they'l haest out there, and th they'llut iout. weon't havthat choe. weperateor thecology, fothe ecosystems sohatever ey have anned for regerating t forest is what get her so that's what's really the unique part about how this lumber company operates. what we do here is we don't get to choose what's coming in. the stuff is brought to us. we have to know how to use it, d we havto be ve creativ as to howe're goa turn i ov and turit into ney. can't orate likthe capilisticociety ds. it was always the land first (soft music) - yeah, the millpond's been here forever. i mean, i remember when i was a kid swimming across the river and climbing up on the banks.

wesed to jp off of the lopiles yes ago wh we we kids. obviouy we don allow that now(chuckle th ipretty mh where the ocess stts rightere for brking dow a log in lumber. (mhinery wrring) a lot people. ke it fogranted at... we have ch a lus autiful rest. anat the se time theyon't undstand why e has the struggles. we neeto take at the rest giv us, and need toake thatork. (machine whirrin

we're goa be here for ather... seven generations, the next seven generations. that's the goal is to leave something for ouchildren antheir chdren. and it'sroven overime, ihink. if y look at sateite imag you can e the bodaries ofhe resertion just bause theush rest mes it and out. and yes ago, t areas l arounds were wip out by mber bars, st clear-cutti, wiping iout. - apanoh pecwan". thateans "fls repeatly". it's aescripti of everhing thas going wiin the eironment aund us, the tural enronment.

the lifeood ofhe fores the riv we haveere. evything rolves arnd this dy of water. the d thing that it fls in frothe nort ofof the afields, ich picks up lot of cumulati ofifferent types ochemical diffent typeof runof bo naturalnd manma. the nefits othis fort thaton't getecognize this water, thihydrolog isleaned bthe fore. thesbenefitspread to all the unties aund us cause ofhe riverystems. the cleawar that ty enjoy is a rest of thiforest he, these complete intact elder communities.

(waves lapping) (singing in hawaiian) - is is theastern int of theig islanof hawai so wcome herfor our sunriscelebratns. anto honorhe creatn. but thisould all consided part religio ceremons ofhe hawains. anof cours all of ese practis were olawed, outlawednd made crimin here inawaii

the misonaries til 1978 e moku hwa'a, hea'a moku." iteans "thisland",moku", "ia canoe""wa'a", "the wa is an land". we think of it as a canoe. we're in the middle of the pacific. you got to learn to get along. and everybody's got to pull for the canoe. (gentle music) agroforestry, contrary to popular belief, is far from a new idea; it's actually the old idea. people used to live off tree foods, rest plas. in haii the stem was lled (spking hawia whh means grofores. aribald menzies,he tanist a biologi

witheorge vaouver inhe iginal elish expeditio, first recoed in s logs to t royal ldon sociy thfact thahe'd see agriculte in hawi like he'never se ywhere ee before and th theseystems we more abdant, re producte than athing they h ever exrienced ound theorld. he alsadded th the only thi left too is to make plantation workers out of these people. the united states, through the illegal takeover of hawaii in 1893 to 1898, undermined hawaii's agricultural capacities. hawaii moved into this raging sugarcane monocrop production, as well as pineapple monocrop production, wherein they totally decimated the land. and organizations like monsanto, they got a foothold in hawaiian in the 1950s.

these indigenous practices... disregarded by the americans from 1898 to the present day, haveed to thenvironmtal degradatn of hawi. (sing) wetill havthe memo, anwe're woing on tryingo reestablish ose foodystems. food forts are digned to capte water d ho water. fo forests surve in drohts. fo forts survi impacts dung the gat storm whe agricuural fies in two-dimeional lis do not (st music) threlation inractive mponent

the biogy of a rest is ite diffent th a gardeor an agriltural fld. it was important that weork with a residential zoning so that any experimentation would be applicable to a household in honolulu, in the larger, more metropolitan oruburn areas the sta. wee lookinat tryg toositivelimpact sile-famildwelngs around fd securi anfood preredness in aemergencsituatio for ther aan-made or aatural daster. (soft music) when you look out over the central plain, the northern central plain of the island, these plains were once covered with food forests

and forest with timber trees as high as 100 feet. these uplands were turned over to some englishmen who brought in scotsh cattlen. they simply brout degradatn to the lands, and theyalled th success (dzzling) (chaering) (raining)

(fcet runng) - sically,e're ying to vive ma of the actices old angetting ople to reaze that. not everhing iinstantaous ke goingo the surmarke angetting ur food. it tak time. ght nowe have group harvesti kalo, wch is ta. food fortry for would b integratg dierent crs in... family pperty, sohat you' not raisg just t one ite

that youou want for ur famil on o property wi grandpants, we he the ka, the brdfruit. we also had bananas. several varieties of banan. a little bit of everything. (soft muc) this rig here, th is 'ole. tos it's 'ena, but th's turmec. righhere. th one has blossom anthat's pt of the ging family. so the's your breadfit rig there. you can e some othe youn fruits srting inn it. and thuhi, or m... is that ne that' creeng up onhe tree. th're actuly woing withach othe