azerbaijan took control of parts of the region after a war with armenia in 2020. >> the people here, their main message was to remove the government. in the background, we can maybe see that they are not fighting with the policeman -- the

policemen. they are chanting. you can since the anger they have toward their prime minister. they feel he is not really doing enough to advance armenia's stance. the main discussion here around people is -- should we have this government who does not protect our citizens in nagorno-karabakh ? >> cease-fire announcement still leaves significant unresolved questions in the ongoing conflict between armenian separatists and azerbaijan. that includes the question of nagorno-karabakh's final status, which remains open and is said to be the focus of talks between

the two sides starting thursday. the mountainous region has been a flashpoint at least since the collapse of the soviet union. here is an overview. >> it was azerbaijan's decision to launch what he called antiterrorist activities that sparked the latest conflict. it cited wanted to drive out armenian separatist troops and restore order. the territory is internationally recognized as point of azerbaijan, but it's -- its 120,000 inhabitants are mostly ethnic armenians. conflict between both sides over nagorno-karabakh is nothing new. it dates back over a century. within the last 30 years, armenia and azerbaijan have fought two wars over it. the first, which ended in 1994, the armenian side took control

of nagorno-karabakh and seven other districts, but after a short break for in 2020, azerbaijan took back those districts. earlier this year, azerbaijan set up an official checkpoint on the only corridor between armenia and nagorno-karabakh. it said its aim was to stop weapons smuggling, but it has meant the flow of food and other essential supplies into the territory have been cut, further escalating tensions. armenian separatist forces have agreed to a cease-fire. azerbaijan has announced the end of its military operation. >> an independent researcher on the south caucasus region since azerbaijan wants to fully

re-integrate nagorno-karabakh, i asked him what it would mean for the ethnic majority living. >> it is very reasonable to expect there will be a mass exodus of the armenian population in the very near future. it is very difficult for the armenians of that territory to imagine a peaceful and stable life under the azerbaijani government without facing any discrimination or security issues. >> we are looking at mass displacement there. already before this flareup, azerbaijan's blockade of the region was feeling a humanitarian crisis -- fueling a humanitarian crisis. can you tell us what it is like for those caught in this dispute? >> it has indeed been a very difficult time. there were some supplies left over once the blockade began, so far at least a few weeks or few

months, there was still flour for bread or fuel for vehicles, but over time, the partial blockade became a full blockade, and there was hunger and disease that began spreading, especially in the urban areas. this is a process of reintegration through violence and extortion. it does not bode well for the stability of the region. >> russia has announced its peacekeepers will act as mediators in talks between armenian separatists and azerbaijan, but haven't they lost trust and credibility by allowing this last cease-fire to break down? >> indeed, the only external power with real presence on the ground has been russia for the past two centuries, let us say, but certainly after the 2020 war , but there have been so many violations of that cease-fire.

sometimes russian mediation has improved the situation, but certainly yesterday, it seemed like russian peacekeepers were purposefully not being involved, and the rhetoric from moscow from the leadership and from the media in russia suggests that the kremlin does not intend to intervene very forcefully in this issue. >> the united nations security council is going to discuss the situation. what role does the united nations have in building a stable piece? >> indeed, there is mobilization here in the united states. the american community is pushing for very concrete policy matters. it is, as i mentioned, very difficult to imagine a stable

nagorno-karabakh in azerbaijan. some kind of mediation, preferably through the united nations security council, might at the very least create an atmosphere of -- might create some kind of stability so that an atmosphere of final trust and dialogue and peace in the future could be established. >> a lot of competing interests in the security council as well. many thanks. let's take a looking out at some of the other stories making news around the world today. yvonne's parliament has passed a law increasing prison terms and fines for women who break the country's strict islamic dress code -- iran's parliament. this comes days after the anniversary of the death of mahsa amini, who was arrested for wearing her headscarf improperly. her death in custody sparked massive protests.

u.k. prime minister rishi sunak has said the u.k. will delay some of its climate targets until 2035 and said climate goals had imposed what he called unacceptable costs on ordinary people. the move has angered opposition lawmakers, activists, and carmakers. britain's king charles has met with french president emmanuel macron in paris at the start of his first state visit to france. the trip is intended to demonstrate the two nations' close ties, despite post brexit tensions. it was postponed from march following mass demonstrations against micron's pension reforms . volodymyr zelenskyy has told the united nations security council that russia's invasion of his country is criminal. he also urged that russia be stripped of its veto power on the united nations body. russia's foreign minister was

not present. his seat was occupied by russia's united nations ambassador, who protested against the ukrainian president's invitation to speak. our correspondent was in the chamber during that debate, and she has this update for us. >> indeed, as you just said, i was sitting there at the security council in that building behind me, and i really did have an acute sense of how difficult the job of the security council has become since russia invaded ukraine. it already started how the session open. as you described, russia's representative objected to volodymyr zelenskyy speaking at the event. he objected to volodymyr zelenskyy taking precedent over the other members of the security council in terms of who got to talk first, and there was a back and forth with the albanian prime minister, who, of course, holds the presidency for the security council until the

albanian prime minister finally said, if we were to stop your war in ukraine, then we would not have to invite volodymyr zelenskyy, and there was a lot of appreciation in the room for that rhetoric. you could really tell. at the same time, it highlighted the somewhat absurd situation the security council finds itself in. the truth is if it were working the way it was meant to, securing peace and preventing war in the world, then the session on ukraine would not be happening today and aggressor and aggrieved would not be in the same room in a session hosted by this body trying to move forward and do the job that it is meant to do while russia still belongs to it. >> this is the first time zelenskyy addressed the council in the chamber in person. let's listen to some of what he had to say. >> most of the world recognizes the truth about this war. it is a criminal and unprovoked aggression on russia against our nation aimed at seizing

ukraine's territory and resources, but it is not just that. the terrorist state has moved to undermine international norms meant to protect the world. i'm grateful to all of those who have recognized the russian violation of the united nations charter. >> zelenskyy did not stop there. he accused united nations of failing to fulfill its purpose by allowing pressure to stay on the security council. >> indeed. while he has been here in new york, zelenskyy has very much focused on the message of an attack on ukraine being an attack on the world, as every nation prizes at sovereignty. as you can see in the soundbite, he also took special pains to thank the community of nations for their continued support of ukraine, which he feels he has

to do as worries that support may flag as the war drags on. he brought -- he presented the security council his so-called ukraine peace formula. this is something he has been working on with other countries in the past months. there were meetings on this in denmark, saudi arabia, and again at the security council, he talked about these points. they include territorial integrity. it also introduces the idea of preventive sanctions, and he used ukraine as an example. he said that every member should be able to count on sanctions being imposed apps they are threatened -- as they are threatened. he said russia should already have been punished for amassing troops on the border, and

something like bucha did not have to happen for russia to experience sanctions. >> russia's foreign minister was not president when zelenskyy was saying all that. he came in later to address the council, russia being a permanent member of the security council. let's listen to what he had to say. >> today, the west is turning selectively to norms and principles based on their geopolitical needs. this has led to shaky global stability and new hotbeds of tension. >> many expected a showdown between lavrov and zelenskyy. that did not happen. why? >> the fact of the matter is zelenskyy was simply not there when lavrov was talking. zelenskyy had already vacated his seat in the chamber at the

time that u.s. secretary of state antony blinken was talking. his was the speech before lavrov's. i can imagine this provided some measure of relief, especially to the albanian prime minister, who would have had to manage the situation had their really been a showdown between ukraine and russia in the security council chamber, but as we can hear, albeit from the soundbite there, lavrov's speech was basically a litany against the neocolonialism and imperialism of the west and of ukraine's alleged excesses. as such, it is not hard to imagine why zelenskyy did not want to sit there for that. it also has to be pointed out that he also has other things lined up here after the security council, like a bilateral meeting with german chancellor olaf scholz. we also know at some point he will leave for washington where he will sit down with president joe biden and members of congress to shore up that kind of support.

>> one of the busiest men in new york at this moment. thank you so much. ukraine has rejected a report by "the new york times" suggesting a deadly explosion in the marketplace was caused by a ukrainian missile. the blast happened in an eastern city earlier in september. at least 15 were killed and dozens injured. "the new york times" as evidence to suggest was the result of an errant ukrainian air defense missile. the reporters came to the conclusion after studying missile fragments, satellite images, witness accounts, and social media posts. ukraine blames russia for the attack. for more on this, i'm joined by one of the reporters of "the new york times" who investigated the missile attack. welcome to the program. what made you and your colleagues look so closely at this one incident in particular? >> i think it is simply just to

find out what happened. i believe initially, the ukrainian government said that it was an interceptor missile fired from the russian s 300 air defense system that landed in the market and killed and wounded a bunch of civilians. i was sent photographs that one of our photographers had taken at the site. they asked the simple question, what can you tell about what exploded here from these photos, and i had one candidate in mind that asked if they could go back and take more photographs, so another colleague went there, took very detailed photographs, took measurements of the holes that were made -- and by the way, this weapon exploded in a place that offered us a really interesting opportunity to collect very detailed information. there was -- there were sheet-metal facades on the

buildings where this took place, so it left very neat holes that were easy to measure and judge for consistency, so then we ran through a very detailed process of trying to run down possible candidates that could have caused this damage. it quickly sifted down to just a few candidates, and we continually evaluate those reports. >> who are those candidates? what definitive conclusion did you come to? >> the first candidate i looked at was if this could be an american-provided guided in lrs -- mlrs weapon, except that carries spherical pre-formed fragmentation made of tungsten. these were not round holes. these were square and rectangular. the pattern strongly suggested this was an air defense weapon. preformed fragmentation warheads

are common to those weapons because they produce a fairly consistent density of fragments in a cloud more or less that the target tries to hopefully intercept with those fragments so that the pattern is clearly stretched out in an arc, you know, sort of a narrow-branded arc across the street and right up the sides of buildings. to answer your question a little more directly, we looked at interceptor missiles fired from the s 300, 3 different missiles of russian origin of which ukraine does have some, and we look at two american-supplied missiles, but only one of those missiles had preformed fragmentation, so again, we were able to study these personally

-- for my colleague in ukraine was -- and measure the fragments. the measurements only match from one weapon. >> do they have evidence to prove you are wrong? >> if they do have evidence, they have not shared with us. i'm unable to explain kyiv's rationale. i will say whenever something explodes in ukraine and kills a bunch of civilians, russia would certainly be the first anyone would rationally look to as the culprit. however, the evidence that we uncovered and analyzed and reported on simply does not support that claim. >> ukraine is still investigating the incident, but if this was indeed a tragic mishap, why wouldn't ukraine be upfront about it? after all, this was an accident, if it really was, that happened

while ukraine was trying to defend itself. >> i have no explanation for it. there are not a lot of governments, i think, that want to publicly go back on a statement as strong as the one that ukraine's government made at the beginning, so this is also just one incident among probably dozens if not hundreds across the country every day, so to focus on just one incident may not be something that they particularly felt they had the time and need to do. i can tell you that i have personally watched three different surface-to-air missile launches during my time in the u.s. navy, and two of those weapons failed pretty spectacularly after launch. only one, which was a much newer system, function properly. i have witnessed surface-to-air missiles malfunctioning. i know this happens. guided missiles are not perfect things.

we have no idea how old this weapon was, what the potential cause for the malfunction would be. what we can say is that multiple overlapping lines of evidence pointed -- point to this being a tragic mistake, not an intentional act. >> you obviously stand by your reporting. you have heaps and heaps of proof. how do you respond to that? how do you feel about that? >> it does not bother me. we stand by our reporting 100%. we have excellent people on the team that did this. if the government wants to say that we feed russian propaganda, that's on them. that is their choice to characterize it that way. we prefer to have an opportunity to discuss this. we have reached out to the

ukrainian government from the very beginning of our work, and they were not forthcoming in an effort to have a constructive dialogue whatsoever, so to simply ignore our outreach for i would say the better part of a week and then accuse us of feeding pressure propaganda, if that is intentionally or not, is really nothing i can explain. >> thank you so much for your time. >> thank you. >> in other news, india's lower house of parliament has voted to reserve 1/3 of its seats for women. that would more than doubled the number of female lawmakers in its ranks. it still requires the approval of the upper house. elon musk's brain chip start up neuro-link has begun recruiting patients for its first human trial after an independent review board signed off. the company will offer brain

implants to paralysis sufferers. the aim is to let them control a keyboard or computer cursor with just their thoughts. previous animal trials sparked welfare concerns. india has cautioned its citizens against traveling to canada, blaming what it said were growing anti-india activities. the warning comes after canada accused india agents in the involvement of the killing of an activist. india strenuously denies the accusation, and the canadian prime minister has the -- demanded that new delhi to the allegations with the utmost seriousness. the united states has backed canada's call for india to reveal what it knows about the killing. our delhi bureau chief told us more about the indian government's travel advisory. >> it is certainly serious and comes as a direct response to canada's advisory warning

citizens not to go to certain parts of india, citing security concerns like terrorism, militancy, kidnapping, and civil unrest. the indian foreign ministry has now advised its citizens to be extremely vigilant when they are in canada, saying they have to be careful of anti-india activities as well as politically condoned hate crimes and political criminal violence, asking citizens to actually be very careful and mindful, especially in areas where such incidents have taken place. it is asking students to register at the indian high commission in canada and consulates across the country in case of emergency. they should stay up-to-date with information offered by the indian high commission. it says particularly at risk are indian diplomats and those parts of the indian community who are at what it calls anti-indian

activities. >> you are watching "dw news" live from berlin and here is a reminder of our top stories. fighters in the disputed region of nagorno-karabakh have declared a cease-fire. ethnic armenian separatists say they will lay down their weapons for peace talks due to take place thursday in azerbaijan. ukraine's president has told a special session of the united nations security council that russia's unprovoked invasion of his country is criminal and that moscow should be stripped of its veto on the united nations body. moscow had strongly protested zelenskyy's invitation to speak at the session. stay with us through a short break. i will be after "the day" and hope to see you then. ♪

>> analysis from france 24. these are the headlines. azerbaijan says it has restored sovereign tear -- sovereignty, claiming the meaning forces are withdrawing. he vows to turn it into a power -- -- paradise. volodymyr zelenskyy at the un security council calls for reform of the organization. it accused moscow of crimes against humanity. the russian envoy deflects