wrestling against the odds - two young men in turkey are determined to fight their way out of poverty dangerous and unknown - diabetes affects thousands of people in sierra leone. what's urgently needed is education - and medication. harnessing the mists - in lima, people have to be creative to access water.

home to some 10 million people, lima is one of the driest cities in the world. it's struggling with severe water scarcity. especially in the impoverished neighbourhoods on the city outskirts. houses here aren't connected to the water mains; rivers have dried up. climate change is making a bad situation worse. but we're meeting someone who's developed an ingenious system to help combat the water shortage. hello there, how are you? i'm abel cruz gutierrez, i'm president of the organization, peruvians without water. let me show you what we do.this way. basic nylon netting - the sort you can find in any diy store - is being used to capture moisture from the air.

i used to live in a place like this. i'd put up netting around my property, like a fence, and once when i came home in the evenings, i noticed beads of water on it. it hadn't rained. it was just fog. in that moment i realized i had the solution to lima's water scarcity. hernán lópez is one of the members of his team. he moved here a few months ago, and believes the fog-catching method has enormous potential. how will it make a difference to your life? we'll have water. water is essential and we have a real shortage. valle escondido - 'the hidden valley' - is a settlement on the southern edge of lima's sprawling shanty towns. most of these huts lack electricity. there are no water pipes, and no sewage system. whatever infrastructure there is, has been installed by the locals themselves. hernán lópez shows us where he gets his water.

a cistern truck comes every two weeks to fill the plastic tank. some people have tanks outside their homes. but we haven't lived here long so we collect our water here. lópez tells us that his family gets through a tank of water a week, one bucket at a time. it's a ten-minute walk to his home.. .along a rocky, dusty slope. there's no actual path. hernán lópez built the hut himself. he says it took him three days. he apologizes that it's not quite finished. is it drinking water? yes, we use it for everything. we wash and cook with it too. who lives here? me, my wife and our son.

lópez works in town as a janitor. his wife scrapes by as a self-employed beautician. if you come back in two years, he says, we'll be living in a proper house not just a little hut. not all the rivers in lima have dried up - but that doesn't solve the water scarcity problem. the once mighty river rímac is now badly contaminated. many feel the state needs to play a more active role in getting things cleaned up. after a lot of to-ing and froing, we've managed to make an appointment with the head of a state-owned water utility. water is a political issue. during election campaigns, politicians like to pledge that they'll supply 100% of homes with water within 5 years. these are lies, because it's not that simple. how can i supply 100% of the population with water if

there is simply no water? he says that the state needs to invest in more water treatment plants like this one. but so far, there's been no progress. back in valle escondido. abel cruz takes us to the hill where the nets are being set up. lima is surrounded by mountains like this, that are often shrouded in fog. the area is barren, sandy and rocky. and yet, according to estimates, some 150,000 people move here, year after year. driven by hopes of a better life. hopes that are usually dashed. locals are hard at work - with some very makeshift tools. a tin doubles as a spade. hernán lópez is using a simple iron bar. they're digging holes - where the poles for

the netting will go. abel cruz helps out. can you give me a hand, put some stones in the hole. exactly. done! it's stable. one net can capture between 200 and 400 liters of water a day from the foggy air. the men secure a plastic gutter - the water drains into it, and then runs though filters and into tanks. it's a very simple system but will supply families with water. the first three nets are ready. they'll provide enough water for six families. in the next few days the men will put up more nets - fog catchers that will supply 60 families. up here in the hills, life will hopefully soon get a bit easier.

the fog nets are no replacement for proper water mains. but here in lima, they're a viable option. the nets can be seen from far off - their bright green colour a symbol of hope for others struggling with water scarcity. more than half a billion people worldwide have diabetes. in most cases, it is type 2 - caused by poor diet, obesity and stress throwing the metabolism into disarray. by 2050 that figure will double - especially in low-income countries. but there's another type of diabetes - type 1, which is congenital and affects children. if left untreated, diabetes can be fatal. hawanatu bangura - hawa - is 15. like many diabetics she has high blood sugar and sugar in her urine.

at first i didn't realize i had diabetes. then i noticed that when i urinated outside, it would attract ants that would eat it. i was getting really sick. they tried traditional medicine, herbs and so on.... but there was no improvement. i became too weak to go to school. that was three years ago, and i'm still too weak. they did tests and said it was diabetes. but i still didn't really understand what it was. hawa lives in a village on the outskirts of madina. the nearest diabetes clinic is about 200 kilometers away - the only one in the region. unlike many diabetics here, hawa has a diagnosis. there are likely many here who have diabetes without realizing it. in any case, even a diagnosis is only the first step. sierra leone struggles to meet even basic health care needs.

diabetes is low on the list of priorities. without treatment, type 1 diabetes is fatal. many people, including hawa's family, often have to choose between paying for transport to a hospital and feeding their family. when i was diagnosed with diabetes, we didn't have the money to take me to a hospital. so i couldn't get treatment. my parents didn't know what to do. they decided to move us closer to the town. the town is near madina, where an ngo has set up a clinic called help madina. ngos often fill in the gaps where the state can't. the clinic does a blood test to measure hawa's blood sugar levels. 22... that's high." normal is between 4 and 7.

veronica englisch did they speak to you in the hospital about what you should... advise you about what you should eat and drink? "yes." "what did they tell you?" they said i should not have stuff that has sugar or starch. they said i should eat bulgur, but there is no bulgur here." "so what have you been eating?" "only the rice." when i see my friends, i feel ashamed. i look at myself in the mirror and see how my body has changed. being sick is hard, but on top of that people think i'm a witch and i know the financial burden my sickness has put on

my parents, so i feel bad about it. the help hawa can get from the local clinic is not enough, despite the cost. the help madina team decides to pay for her to travel to a hospital in the nearest big city, makeni. it's hours away. the journey could save hawa's life. it's the only place where she can get enough insulin -- and without it she will probably die. insulin is hard to come by in sierra leone. when scientists discovered insulin a century ago, they wanted it be freely available to anyone who needed it. today, three pharmaceutical companies control

the world market... making access to insulin in the global south difficult. the holy spirit hospital in makeni has a small diabetes clinic that's able to help just a handful of patients. patrick turay is the medical director. when you talk of insulin in this country, insulin is a scarce commodity. and many times it is not available. so it means patients will often die because they don't have access to insulin. anne marie koroma is the only nurse here trained in diabetes care. "i've been a nurse for 41 years. i came to know about diabetes when we started the diabetes clinic in the holy spirit hospital in 2013."

the limited supply comes from a charity in the netherlands called insulin for life, which collects unneeded insulin from diabetics there. the insulin gets sent over in suitcases when people travel. it can meet the needs of about 30 people a year. hawa is one of those who will benefit from this small supply. they give her medicine twice a day. with type-1 cases, we have children coming even from freetown nurse koroma checks hawa's eyesight. diabetes can cause visual problems and even blindness. she also checks hawa's feet for nerve damage which can lead to untreated wounds, another common symptom of diabetes.

type-1 diabetes is often a genetic condition. the pancreas can't produce insulin - a hormone that's necessary to survive. the fact that people are travelling five hours from the capital, freetown, shows just how desperate things are. but the situation is more complicated than just getting insulin. the most basic information on living with diabetes, regarding things like diet, is largely non-existent in sierra leone. the majority of people here live in poverty. life is difficult - families often have to make difficult choices. anne marie koroma has known many patients who received treatment in the clinic, but struggled to cope with the complex challenges of living with diabetes. she has seen many of her patients die. for type 1, the registered deaths are 16. for type 2, the registered deaths are 51.

those are the ones that i know about. considering how few patients the clinic can treat, those are staggering numbers. with access to insulin and early, proper treatment, they would likely have survived. i do this because i see people and they really suffer. a few weeks later, hawa is already feeling a bit better. since i started going to the clinic, and they showed me how to use the medicine, my body feels stronger. before i couldn't joke around with my friends, because i didn't really feel ok. i'm feeling better now, and i can joke too, no one teases me. it's likely there are many other diabetics here who -- unlike hawa -- never even know the cause of their suffering. but in terms of testing at least, things do seem to be changing. two private organizations began testing in february 2022.

of the approximately 10,000 people who requested screening, just over 4,000 had diabetes. but there is still an enormous unmet need. anne marie koroma's clinic is just a drop in the ocean. especially because of the enormous rise in diabetes in low- and middle-income countries. the diabetes crisis in sierra leone seems to be growing ever more severe, and the country doesn't have the resources ready to handle it. europe is home to around twelve million sinti and roma. most of them live in the east and southeast of the continent. prejudice and discrimination against them are rife, leaving the majority in a vicious cycle of poverty.

there's just minutes to go. bayram has trained for this fight for a long time. he'll be competing in the oil wrestling arena. turkey's best fighters have come together to compete in edirne, bayram's home city. the 15 year old is part of turkey's roma community. he's fighting prejudices too. i feel really strong. i'll be starting in a few minutes. obviously i'm nervous. now it's also started raining. this is the famous kirkpinar tournament - that means anything can happen! before the fight starts, the wrestlers are doused with olive oil, which makes it difficult for them to grab hold of each other. bayram won the title here two years ago. he's hoping to do it again. the fight gets underway. to win, he has to get his opponent's back to

touch the ground. for a while, neither of them suceeds in getting the upper hand. but then everything happens very fast. bayram has won. he's through to the next round! he heads outside the arena, to take a break. that was a tough opponent just now. during the fight you experience so many emotions that are hard to describe, you have to experience it. bayram's younger brother is also competing today. the 13 year is hoping to repeat his brother's success. bayram has made it into a sponsorship program. if aydincan wins this tournament, he could follow suit. i'm nervous. but i've come here to win - and i trained a lot.

aydincan has already won three fights in the competition - now he's in the semifinals. and once again, he's successful. it took him just a minutes to win. in the evening, we visit the brothers at home. only roma live in this neighbourhood. their mother sevginur is preparing dinner. she's incredibly proud of her sons' success, even if things aren't always easy it's a sport that requires money for their food and equipment. we're renting this place, and my husband only gets the minimum wage. bayram and aydincan hope their sporting success will help improve their fortunes. youth unemployment among roma stands at 65 percent - that's more than three times the turkish average. one problem is that young people often lack role models.

there are hardly any opportunities for roma. if you don't make it at school, you become a musician. if that doesn't work out, you end up collecting garbage. many turn to drugs. but we train twice a week, and our coach is trying to support us as best he can. my greatest dream is becoming an olympic champion in wrestling. i don't want anything else. because if i did that, i'd have the world at my feet. but first, they have to win the tournament tomorrow. both are confident. the next day, the real heavyweights take part - the so-called bas pehlivans. not many of the fighters make it this far. some doubt that a roma could ever make it, assuming they'd start drinking or fall into crime. for a long time, bayram suffered from that kind of prejudice.

i think i'm helping to improve the roma reputation - my performance speaks for itself. many, roma, especially from my neighborhood, tell me i'm the rose of the roma! it's now bayram's turn to enter the arena. he's feeling quite tense. shortly beforehand he learned that his opponent is two years older than him and an experienced fighter. but bayram soon gives him a run for his money. after 20 minutes they take a short break, the fight goes into extra time. when they resume, things once again go back and forth for a number of minutes.

but in the end it is not enough - bayram has lost. the 15 year old is inconsolable. his family does their best to comfort him. we move away to give them some space - but meet up with bayram a little while later. there's nothing i can do. this time it wasn't meant to be. now i need to focus on my brother. i hope he wins! his brother just needs one more victory to win the cup. bayram gives him a few final tips. aydincan is optimistic. i'm well prepared and i'm going to be a champion! but aydincan's opponent is good. and just like his brother, his fight goes into extra time.

then suddenly aydincan begins celebrating, is the fight over? the referee looks hesitant. no, aydincan has indeed won!! now there's no stopping him. his shyness has completely gone. two roma brothers chasing one big dream: to fight their way to the very top of their sport. this week, our global teen comes from fiji! bula vinaka, my name is faith raduva, i'm 15 years old, and

i'm from viwa, tailevu in fiji. my father is a pastor at our church, and my mum she's the manager of communications and public relations in nadi airport. my sister is a climate activist, and when we are free sometimes we go and check out the mangroves we had planted, and we see the growth and development the mangrove has. and sometimes we find mangrove seedlings on the shore. so we pick them up and go to the places where there's small patches and we start planting and filling up the area with more mangroves.

i have a younger sister, and i want her future to be much better than what we have now. because we are facing a lot of environmental problems, climate change and sea level rise. and what i want to see when my sister grows up, i want her to be happy in the environment that she is. most of the time i play with my small sister. i help my parents and elder sister with the house chores. and i play with my cousins, sometimes maybe rugby or volleyball.

live from berlin. tonight the u.n. says it is preparing to help up to 120,000 refugees in armenia after a week that saw a mass exodus of ethnic armenians. also coming up tonight -- new york, underwater. the big apple, facing flash flooding, floods that have disrupted the city's subway system. and bomb attacks, rocking pakistani provinces. do a