♪ in a cold sweat ♪ >> the black acts of america have not learned that once their records is off the charts, they're finished. they haven't learned that. >> it's so true. i heard a speech by jesse jackson, you know saying that we must recognize that we're only useful as long as we're necessary. >> as long as we're necessary. >> when we become unnecessary, we're no longer useful. they don't realize that your strength comes from your community. >> you have to deal from your strength. >> you have to deal with your strength in dealing with your strength, you got somebody, if somebody grab james brown, want to hurt james brown. somebody will raise their voice and say why you hurting my brother james brown. but when you're dealing as an individual. you still a nigger. you don't care how much money you get, you're still a nigger.

you're all alone when you become unnecessary. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> do unto others as you would have them to do unto you, would you can somebody to burn you up and lynch you and tell you where to go and how to look? and then refuse to pay you? or would you have somebody take advantage of your woman, jack? you can't even speak to his? would you like to pay taxes for something thaw never received? do unto others, as you would have somebody do unto you. and i don't have to use the word fm backwards. >> we left africa in shackles and chains you know, we're coming back in the aura of splendor and scintillating glory. the champions are here. we've got to get the champions of the sports world. champions of the music world.

we put them together and we got one champion that's so intermingled and intertwined. fused into one entity. >> don king put this together. it was not a color put it together. you understand? eye like to call him the messiah. >> this fight came into existence because of don king's desire to be famous, to break out of the pack. it was the world to him. he was either going to become enormously prominent man at the least of american life or he was going to go back to obscurity again if it failed. >> i'm so happy to see you, my brother. >> i have met the minister of finance, how are you? >> i appreciate your talent and expertise, this is what it's all about. i welcome you with love. we must deal with it as such, but with love. not with loss tilt and alienation, but with love. >> right on, mr. king.

>> king had this huge air of welcome. rarely has anyone been welcomed the way king could do it for you. there was a joy. i knew his reputation, i knew all the things about him how he had been in jail, how he was thoroughly untrustworthy, but he made you feel good. >> don't leave, i need you, i need your strength. >> he was startling looking man. all the writers used to find different ways of describing this great uprush of hair. some said he stuck his thumb into an electric sock. >> falling through an empty elevator shaft. >> the press came and everybody wanted to know what was going on. >> nothing really that's big as this here run smoothly. anything worth while is worth fighting for. we've been struck with adversity and you think about what shakespeare said, ugly and venomous like a toad. yet wears a precious jewel in

its head. >> how many fight promotors have even tried one line of shakespeare, he had a whole raft of them. >> i can relate to the denials they have to be confronted to. i can relate to the rat-infested harbors, the overcrowded tenements, i can he relate because i've been part of it. i know about roaches, i know about rats. when you start talking to me about it, i can understand him and he can understand me. he can understand me. now he will believe in me because he feels that he has, i have shared with him. the same anguish and anxiety, the same pain that he has felt. big difference. >> a small part of the vast sums of money that will be made out of the fight. put it into something that was, that would help a number of people rather than a few. >> my dream and desire, i feel that i will need white counterparts, to do this here. i would say let me engender a

large amount of money, if it's possible. and then don't let the money just be sitting there. so it would wither away and just die. but put it into the sun so it could be exposed. germinate, blossom and grow. >> quite a remark annal man. don king is one of the brightest people i've ever met. he's one of the most charismatic people i've ever met. he's one of the hardest-working people i've ever met. he is also totally amoral. and i can't think of a man who has done more to demoralize fighters, exploit fighters and ruin fighters' careers than don king. but you have to give him his due for what he did to make muhammed ali versus george foreman in zaire. >> ain't nobody does anything -- understand that? >> fight or no fight, what business are we in? >> music. >> starting to wonder, man,

because we've, we feel like we're in the fight business now. ♪ do it to death ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ we're going to have a good time ♪ ♪ we're gonna have a funky good time ♪ ♪ we're going to have a funky

good time ♪ ♪ we're gonna have a funky good time ♪ ♪ we're gonna have a funky good time ♪ ♪ we're gonna have a funky good time ♪ ♪ we got to take you higher ♪ ♪ ♪ we're gonna have a nunky good time ♪ ♪ we're gonna have a funky good time ♪ ♪ we're gonna have a funky good time ♪ ♪ we're gonna have a funky good time ♪ ♪ we're gonna take you higher ♪ ♪ >> i'm going to go play me some soul music, man.

james brown. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> sucker, you ain't nothing. you too ugly to represent us colored folks. these africans, think all of us ugly. sucker, look at you. you out, sucker. ali, boom buy yeah, ali, boom buy yeah, ali, boom my yeah.

>> the kids follow me, screaming george foreman, boom my yeah. and that hasn't, i don't think that's a nice meaning. i like if they have any, anything to say about me, they can say you know george foreman, love africa or george foreman love being here. not george foreman, kill him, i don't like that. >> boom my yeah. >> george foreman. >> ha, ha! there, sucker! you wasn't nothing. >> we were all for muhammed ali. foreman? we didn't know him. foreman said, why? i'm black, blacker than muhammed ali. why all this bias?

yes, when i met ali, he was lighter, but he was a real person, he was genuine. muhammed ali could have been even lighter-skinned than he was, but for us, he was defending a good cause. for africans and the whole world. >> seven punches. coming? a very dangerous cheese storm. presenting the american express blue cash everyday card with cash back on this. mouth toys. that really takes me back. cash back on this. baloney and medical gauze. and even this. who said shrimmpppppppppppp? ahhh, shrimp. the lobster's little brother. great choice. ughhhhhh, i'm so shrimp rich. all with no annual fee. cash back on purchases. backed by the service and security of american express.

looktry align probiotic.our digestive system? for a non-stop, sweet treat goodness, hold on to your tiara kind of day. live 24/7. with 24/7 digestive support. try align, the #1 ge recommended probiotic. don't let dust and allergies get and life's beautiful moments. with flonase allergy relief, they wont. most allergy pills only control one inflammatory substance. flonase controls six. and six is greater than one. flonase changes everything. one day a rider made a decision. the decision to ride on and save money. he decided to save money by switching

his motorcycle insurance to geico. there's no shame in saving money. ride on, ride proud. geico motorcycle, great rates for great rides.

i'm going to fight for the prestige. not for me, but to uplift my little brothers who are sleeping in concrete floors, dead

america. black people living on welfare. black people who can't eat. black people who don't know no knowledge themselves, black people who don't have no future. i want to win my title and walk down the alleys, sit on the garbage cans with the winos, walk down the street with the dope addicts. process tutstitute prostitutes. i can help my people in louisville, kentucky. indianapolis, indiana, cincinnati, ohio, i can go through tennessee, florida, mississippi and show the little black africans in them countries who didn't know this was their country. you look like people in mississippi, alabama and georgia, they're your brothers, but they never knew you was over here. god is blessing me through this accident of boxing to help get all of these people and to show them films i haven't seen. i know they haven't seen them. i'm worldly and i haven't seen them. nowky get all these films, you governments can let me take pictures, you can let me do things and i can take all of this back to america.

but it's good to be a winner. all i got to do is whip george foreman. >> i realize how unfortunate and how uncomfortable it was for you to have traveled so far and expecting so much. and getting so little. >> george foreman was a phenomenon. he was almost like a physical guru. he almost never said anything, but when he did, he was arresting. you never quite knew what he was talking about. it might be deep, it night be unresponsive. he was this huge black force. >> because of this, i had expected muhammed ali to be here today, i was going to immediately jump and hit him in his mouth to give you some form of entertainment. >> now when i go in the rain you see what kind of man i got now? oh, oh, i just got to pilot i'm not going to realize until after. i might like and say, how did i do that? got to get him.

this is my people this man looks slow. god made this man look like a little kid. this so-called right hand ain't nothing. i walk right in and take my shots. because i had god on my mind. i'm thankful that my people been free and i can help with just one fight. now he look little in comparison to what i getting from him. he ain't nothing now. but if i think about me, just me and george foreman knocked out joe frazier, like he was god. george foreman. and the white press power structure rate me to get tired in five, six, then i go in and get scared. but i'm not looking at the world and what they say, my god controls the universe. ♪ ♪ >> i was very interested in people calling witches. soothesayers, and in western

africa almost everybody has one. it's like a witch doctor. you go to the doctor the way we would go to a dentist. >> muhammed ali had been to mobutu's fetisher, and the a fetisher said a woman would get to foreman, a succubus. that impressed me enormously. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> heavyweight championship does produce an excitement in the onlookers that's unlike almost any other spectacle. it's almost physically unendurable to wait for that bell to ring for the first round. in 1974 in zaire, the fight started at 4:00 in the morning in order that it could be shown on television in america at a reasonable hour like 10:00.

before the fight, i saw a scene that was incomparable. ali's dressing room was like a morgue, it was like the last supper. and at a certain point ali said, why is everyone so unhappy? what is the matter with all of you? >> the sense was, that we were watching a man who was going out to be, going out to the gallows. >> because they all believe that he was going to get defeated. they were terrified. they thought that with his pride, he would take one of the world's worst beatings ever. and he wouldn't give up. and he was going to be destroyed in that ring, killed or maimed, they knew not what. but they were deeply frightened. it was as if they were taking what are fever alley had and they were absorbing it. >> after a while, he looked at bow dean and he said, we're going to dance tonight, aren't

we? and he said, you're going to dance. he said i'm going to dance. and muhammed ali was so funny, gracious, repeating this. >> what am i going to do? he said you're going to dance. he said yes, i'm going to dance and dance and that man is going to be bewildered. i'm going to dance and dance and they said you're going to dance and i swear they were all crying. and he built them up to a degree so that for him they became half-happy. 's big... or small. first to go. or best for last. sweet. or not so sweet. whether it's tossed... or twirled. if it's easy prey. or plays hard to get. every last crunch, sprinkle and drip... should be as clean as it is delicious. panera. food as it should be.

here comes the ali people out of the dressing room. and all of the questions will be answered. this is an awesome power of george foreman against the vaunted boxing skills of muhammed ali. it's age against youth. the experience of muhammed ali against the youth and brute force of and blinding speed. can you hear the band beginning to strike up in the background as ali walks toward the ring this is what muhammed ali lives for. this is the man's life.

this may be an historic event. muhammed ali coming into the boxing ring for the last time. should muhammed ali retire, this will be what you're seeing now, a very historic event. now here comes the heavyweight champion of the world, george foreman. jogging out. george foreman decked out in his red robe. coming into the stadium. >> no one in the press ever saw mobutu. he didn't come to the fight. he watched the fight on a clo d closed-circuit. it was the only closed circuit in zaire, it was in his palace. he was terribly afraid of s assassination. it was floor, the floor you couldn't see beneath the floor was covered with blood. the blood had been washed away, but the effect of the blood was still there as part of the atmosphere. >> there was a lot of talk about the possibility of rain, i don't think the weather could be any more beautiful than it is tonight. and ali is getting the people to

chant, ali boom my yeah. that means ali, kill him. >> the atmosphere before the bell rang, for that first round, was as intense as any i ever recall. >> look at this now as they stare, muhammed ali beginning to talk to george foreman. they're really putting the stare on each other. george foreman has the serious look, ali definitely talking to him. look at the stare on george foreman. look at alley giving the word. the stage is set, just about ready to begin, round one, this time the championship is at stake and $5 million will be paid to both fighters, ali ready, foreman ready, we're waiting for the opening bell. here we go, ali quickly across the round. round one. ali bouncing around. shifting left to right. george moves slow, ali gets the first punch in a light right hand. taken on the forehead by george foreman the champion.

foreman moving slow, trying to stalk this man. ali looks like he's ready to go. he's not staying away, he's going after his man. foreman a bit cautious in the first round. looking to drop that left hook. [ cheers and applause ] >> gets his man to the far corner, there's the left upper cut, jab to the body of muhammed ali. ali tries to hang on to the head of george foreman. foreman dances now. moves, ali with a right hand lead again. as foreman's right lead confused with the right-hand lead, which i haven't seen too many times before. >> a right-hand lead which means thaw throw your right without countering, you throw it first, you throw it like a jab, but you throw it like there, that has to travel that extra distance across the shoulders, professionals will very rarely use a right-hand lead, it's a dangerous punch to throw since you're open to a counter with a left hook. fighters, since they work in milli seconds can see a right

coming much faster than a jab. no one had thrown a right-hand lead at foreman in two years. in in training camp, none of his sparring partners for $50 a day was going to start throwing right-hand leads at him. it's a great insult to a professional when you throw a right-hand lead at him. it suggests that he's slow enough you can hit him with it instead the ali figured out the one punch that foreman is not prepared for is a right-hand lead. ali threw 12 right-hand leads, i don't think he had told anyone he was going to do it i think he may have debated whether he was going to do it up to the last moment. the only thing is he didn't knock foreman down, he didn't knock him out. instead, foreman went crazy. >> two wild right hands taken on the side of the head of muhammed ali. it's a real strong right hand just underneath the heart and muhammed ali is taking some punishment now. about eight seconds left in the round. >> bell rang.

ali went back to the corner. he finally, the nightmare he had been awaiting in the ring had finally come to visit him. he was in the ring with a man he could not dominate. who was stronger than him. who was not afraid of him. who was going to try to knock him out and who punched harder than ali could punch and this man was determined and unstoppable. and ali had a look on his face that i'll never forget. only time i ever saw fear in ali's eyes. esurance does insurance a smarter way, which saves money.

like bundling home and auto coverage, which reduces red tape, which saves money. when they save, you save. that's home and auto insurance for the modern world. esurance, an allstate company. click or call. incredible bladder prthat lets from always discreeyou move like you mean it now comes with an incredible promise. the always discreet double your money back guarantee. always discreet is for bladder leaks and it's drier than poise. try it. we're so confident you'll love it, we'll give you double your money back if you don't. incredible bladder protection. double your money back guarantee. that's always discreet. don't let dust and allergies get and life's beautiful moments. with flonase allergy relief, they wont. most allergy pills only control one inflammatory substance. flonase controls six. and six is greater than one. flonase changes everything. because my teeth are yellow. these photos?

why don't you use a whitening toothpaste? i'm afraid it's bad for my teeth. try crest 3d white. crest 3d white diamond strong toothpaste and rinse... ...gently whiten... ...and fortify weak spots. use together for 2 times stronger enamel. crest 3d white. explore your treatment options with specialists who treat only cancer. every stage... every day.... at cancer treatment centers of america. learn more at cancercenter.com/experts keeping the power lines clear,my job to protect public safety, while also protecting the environment. the natural world is a beautiful thing, the work that we do helps us protect it. public education is definitely a big part of our job, to teach our customers about the best type of trees to plant around the power lines. we want to keep the power on for our customers. we want to keep our community safe. this is our community, this is where we live. we need to make sure that we have a beautiful place for our children to live. together, we're building a better california.

♪ "dinner!" "may i be excused?" get the new xfinity tv app and for the first time ever stream live tv, watch on demand, and download your dvr shows anywhere. i had msnbc headquarters in new york city, many continue to mourn the loss of boxing legend muhammed ali. including president obama who offered his deepest condolences to ali's wife today. president obama praised ali for his helping shaping modern america. ali died of septic shock last night at the age of 74 after a long battle with parkinson's disease, plans have been made to move his body to louisville,

kentucky ahead of a public funeral on friday. now back to "when we were kings." ali looked as if he looked into himself and said all right this is the moment. this is what you've been waiting for. this is -- that hour. and do you have the guts? and he kind of nodded to himself like got to get get it together, boy, you really got to get it together and you are going to get it together. you will get it together. he nodded some more. as if he was looking into the eyes of his maker and he turned to the crowd and he went ali boom my yeah and 100,000 people all yelled back. and this huge reverb ration of the crowd came back into the ring. and ali picked it up almost as if these are my people this is what i'm here for. the time has come. i'm going to find a way to mast they are man. >> ali tries to tie him up.

no real damage done in that exchange. >> foreman, like everyone else had assumed that ali would dance. and so ali now went to the ropes. went into the rope-a-dope. and a lot of people thought that moment the fight was over. especially on television when they saw it, it looked like foreman was killing a very weak ali. >> you don't go to the ropes. and there he was, leaning way back, i wrote about did as if, i think the phrase i used was like a man leaning out of the window to try to see if there was something on his roof. but you couldn't really see it. here were these great broadsides going at him. it looked like he was being set up for the kill. it happen sod quickly, so abruptly. i shouted to norman, the fix is in. that somehow he's supposed to go down in the first or second. rope was halfway to the floor. it looked as though he had to cave in. >> awkward, but very careful hooks, both hands, left hooks.

>> they became so basic at that point they were like two kids having a fight. and for that round and for the next round and for the next round ali lay against the ropes in the rope-a-dope. he kept talking to foreman, it was extraordinary, he had to be close to see it it was only, it was it was intimate. 0 foreman was throwing these huge punches and ali swung like a man in the rigging. ed on occasion he would get hit and he said george you disappoint me, you don't hit as hard as i thought you would. george, you're not hitting hard enough. you're not breaking popcorn, you're not hitting and foreman is insane with rage and winging at him and whanging at him. powerful, powerful. and middle of the fifth round, foreman was worn out. he had punched himself out. taken three rounds. >> ali picks it up, 40 seconds left in round number five.

>> crisp left. culmination by ali lands on the head of foreman. foreman with the right cross. ali backs up. backs up foreman. foreman tries a hook. ali has a right. foreman gets knocked to the left. foreman hit again. foreman has been hit three or four times. >> suddenly, muhammed ali came off the ropes and he hit him a right and you could see the sweat pour off like a fountain come off foreman's face and you suddenly realized there was some design in this madness. i then turned to norman, he must have been somewhat puzzled. i said the succubus has got him. referring to the woman with the trembling hands, that i was told by the witch doctors, was go to touch foreman and destroy him. >> let the man punch himself

out. 30 seconds left in round 8. very even fight. ali a sneaky right hand. another sneaky right hand. >> a combination. three, four, five, six, seven, eight, gets up to the knee, eight -- that's it. the fight is stopped. muhammed ali, a dramatic eighth-round knockout. he knocks out george foreman. he's done it. muhammed ali has done it. >> muhammed ali. muhammed ali. >> muhammed ali. he was like a sleeping elephant. he can do whatever you want around a sleeping elephant. whatever you want. but when he wakes up, he tramples everything.

>> muhammed ali, booma yeah. muhammed ali booma yeah. rge foreman. >> he did it. he's champion again. we couldn't believe it. it was such a classic performance and so beautiful that at the moment ali hit the knockout punch, foreman began to go, ali followed him around, it was, ali had his right cocked for one more punch, but he didn't throw it, he didn't want to ruin the esthetic of the man going down with the punch he threw on the way down. >> i think a man has a mixed emotion when you see the end of the fight. i always feel enormous sympathy for the man losing it. when you see a titanic formidable figure suddenly on the ground. >> now when we see george on television, and know that after that knockout, he went through two years of the deepest

depression, he almost didn't come out of it. to see the man who has come out of it. to see the way in which he reconstructed his personality, until it would be hard put to find anyone in american life who is more affable than george foreman. foreman has become a fabulous person in american life. >> we're working on a large scale operation. finding deplorable conditions.

just as the fight finished, the monsoons, the african rains came. in fact they came so hard that the waters were about three feet deep in the dressing rooms where we had just been more than, an hour ago. they were just, never seen such a downpour. and we rode back through the african night from the boxing ring into kinshasa and there were crowds along the road standing in the rain and it's pouring rain. and you're leaping up and down because of course the news had gone around that muhammed ali had won this fight.

>> he stayed up all night from what i heard, and in the morning he spoke to african groups who come as delegations to see him. and they more than revered him. he was a god. and he spoke to them very simply that day and beautifully. and he said, afro-americans, in america were not as good as you are. some of us are richer than you are. but you have a dignity in your poverty that we don't have. we are spoiled in america. we have lost what you still have in africa. and you must keep that. and he spoke very gently, and i thought my lord on top of everything else, this man is a political leader. he's he's going to be a great political leader. >> i have a lot of things to do when i start fighting in the black neighborhoods, we have a lot of problems, a lot of problems we have to solve among ourselves, prostitution problems, dope problems, gang fight problems. knowledge of themselves, the black people don't have knowledge of themselves. we have made just like white people mentally.

white people have made us so much like them until it's hard to teach them anything about themselves. it's hard to teach them to unite and marry and be with their own. because they're now like white people. black meme with now like white people. they're so brainwashed, we have to rebrainwash them and teach them about themselves, their history and their names to respect and protect their own women. do something for themselves and begging white people for things. >> i never heard ali say he was never going to fight again. he usually told the truth, i wouldn't have believed it. he was born to fight. born for the ring and loved it he truly loved fighting. and as happens with people who love a thing too much, it destroys them. i think it was oscar wilde who said you destroy the thing that you love. it's the other way around, what you love destroys you. i asked my dentist if an electric toothbrush was

going to clean better than a manual. he said sure...but don't get just any one. get one inspired by dentists, with a round brush head. go pro with oral-b. oral-b's rounded brush head cups your teeth to break up plaque and rotates to sweep it away. and oral-b delivers a clinically proven superior clean versus sonicare diamondclean. my mouth feels super clean! oral-b. know you're getting a superior clean. i'm never going back to a manual brush.

like bundling home and auto coverage, which reduces redney. tape, which saves money. when they save, you save. that's home and auto insurance for the modern world. esurance, an allstate company. click or call. incredible bladder prthat lets from always discreeyou move like you mean it now comes with an incredible promise. the always discreet double your money back guarantee. always discreet is for bladder leaks and it's drier than poise. try it. we're so confident you'll love it, we'll give you double your money back if you don't. incredible bladder protection. double your money back guarantee. that's always discreet.

...of fixodent plus adhesives. they help your denture hold strong more like natural teeth. and you can eat even tough food. fixodent. strong more like natural teeth. fixodent and forget it.

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ he came back, he had 22 fights, some of them were most honorable, some of them were very difficult. some of them were commonly used in farces. he hurt himself in those 22 fights after the fight in africa. >> there's a tendency to look at muhammed and say he's wounded. he's ill. there are no intellectual deficits, it's a motor skills problem. and he doesn't try to hide his condition. he goes out and lets the whole world see it. he doesn't feel sorry for himself. and there's really no reason for anybody else to feel sorry for him. he loves being muhammed ali, he

truly believes that he's doing god's work and he's as happy with each day as anybody i know. >> today's young generation, they don't know anything. something happened last year, they know nothing about it. they know it's a great, great great story. great historic events. i'm not talking about 1850 stuff. they don't know who malcolm x is, jfk, jackie robinson, can you go down the line. it's scary. >> these kids today, are missing a whole lot. they don't know about the legacy of muhammed ali. no matter what era you live in, you see very few true heroes. >> ali, booma yeah. >> ali, booma yeah. >> back up, sucker.

back up. come get me, sucker, i'm dancing. i'm dancing. i'm not there. i'm here. whup! sucker, you ain't got nothing. ♪ in every heart there is a drum that beats ♪ ♪ steady and strong it does not know defeat ♪ ♪ i feel it high and know the sound of trouba leave ♪ ♪ in every soul there is a memory ♪ ♪ of standing tall the proudest we could be ♪ ♪ i cannot fall for i recall we

were born in majesty ♪ ♪ we'll stand in the sun and we will raise our hands ♪ ♪ and we will touch the sky together we will dance in gold ♪ ♪ and we will leave the world remembering that we were kings ♪ ♪ when we were kings ♪ now it's the time here is the mountaintop ♪ ♪ when one man climbs the rest are lifted up ♪

♪ we'll say yes to a higher destiny ♪ ♪ and when we reach out to claim the throne ♪ ♪ every man will know we'll raise our hands ♪ ♪ we'll touch the sky we will touch the sky ♪ ♪ together we'll be dancing in roads of gold ♪ ♪ roads of gold and we will leave the world remembering ♪ ♪ when we were kings when we were kings when we were kings ♪ ♪ when we were kings

butterfly sting run meeting "esquire" . my wife. him. complimentary.

wonderful, on and on likethat. away. turned younger he said, you still with that old that's always been -- when you turn harvard senior speech. at a paper with me what's appendicitis. wrong. graduates.

the language, place. at the same time and a great it. microbes." whee." quotations, whee." what a fighter he was.

♪ yeah, i'm in africa r. yeah, afri africa's my hometown. america and what america thinks, i live in america but africa's the home of a black man and i was a slave 400 years ago and i'm going back home to fight among my brothers, yeah. >> for these two african-americans to come home, this was a great, great significance. because of hollywood and tv, a lot of us had been taught to hate africa.