to agree with me on everything. but i speak with morale clarity and you know where i'm coming from. that is why i got bipartisan legislation passed even in my first term, something that mitch mcconnell is not we ared about. because of the work, i'm getting endorsed by people all over kentucky. matt jones, one of the biggest voices in the commonwealth, many thought he would run against mitch mcconnell and amy mcgrath is endorsing me, because we are building a coalition, that no matter where you are from, what your pronoun is, you matter. we raised $6,000? the last couple of days. we are fed up and ready to win. >> democratic senate candidate charles booker, that is "all in" for this evening, the "the rachel maddow show" starts right now. good evening, rachel. >> good evening, my friend of course chris, much appreciated. happy to have you here. it was more than 90 degrees in the great city of houston, texas today. one of the hottest days of the

year so far. but even with the heat, this is what houston looked like today. tons of people waiting in line in the hot sun to pay their respects to george floyd. today was george floyd's public visitation at a church in houston, which is where mr. floyd grew up. the line to get in the visitation, got so long, it snaked around the building and in to the parking lot. there were 200 people in line before the doors opened. those red tents there. that is the red cross. it was so hot, they were handing out water to people waiting in line. because they were worried about people's health. they were worried about heat stroke. mourners turned up to pay their respects today. this had their temperatures checked at the door. they only let small handfuls of people in to the church at a time to encourage social distancing. everybody was required to wear masks. but, even with the heat, even with the inconvenience of the pandemic. members of the public waited

patiently in line. dawned their mask and entered the church to pay their respects to mr. floyd before he is laid to rest next to his mother in houston and that will be tomorrow afternoon. it went on like that for six straight hours today in houston. and honestly the stream of people that came in and out of the the church, the number of them over come by emotion and grief, it just felt endless. there were health care workers there still in their scrubs. there were police officers there in uniform. a few people from the local home depot, fresh off their shifts. it was a group of college athletes. the republican governor of texas was there. little kids being pulled along in wagons by their mom. that was houston today. george floyd's public visitation before his final memorial tomorrow. before he is laid to rest in the city where he grew up. right now, a candle light vigil

is under way on the football field at george floyd's high school in houston. where his family is in attendan attendance. it's going to cap off what was an emotional day in george floyd's hometown and all over the country. it has been 14 days now, it has been two weeks since mr. floyd was killed by police in minneapolis, and still, 14 days later. the streets of the united states look like this. this was new york, and chicago, and l.a., and d.c., all today. but, i mean, even with that today, did you see what happened this weekend? i mean, look at this, this was southern california yesterday. protesters marching down, look at that, marching down hollywood boulevard, just an absolutely endless river of people. police say they think 20,000 people marched in l.a. this weekend. this was philadelphia, pennsylvania. thousands of peaceful protesters met at the steps of the philadelphia art museum. they marched from there all the way to philadelphia city hall.

there's a shot of constitution avenue in washington, d.c., on saturday, the largest protest that the city of washington, d.c. has seen since george floyd's killing. in san francisco, the protest was so big, it briefly shut down traffic on the golden gate bridge. look at that. and in seattle, a demonstration organized by health care workers grew to thousands of people in new york. it even in the rain, they kept marching and saint paul, minnesota, they sat down outside the governor's mansion. in detroit, people were on their feet. it was just like this all over the place this weekend. big cities, and in more out of the way places as well. here's a shot of rural alpine, texas, this weekend. it's population 6,000 or so. 6,000 people in the town. right? but the stream of people is going and going and going. which the local reporter who shot this video said he has not seen a protest this big in alpi

alpine, texas, since an anti-pipeline protest a few years ago. he said it's probably bigger and the biggest thing that happened in the town. this was starkville, mississippi on saturday this weekend, thousands of people in the streets there. there were thousands more in wisconsin, the mayor there saying it may be the largest political protest ever in that city. look at this, this was up-state new york, this was troy, new york, the organizers said that 11,000 people turned out in troy. there were protests this weekend in victor idaho, and in nutley, new jersey and kalispell, montana and palmer -- protesting the death of george floyd at the hands of the police. with that playing out all this weekend and for the 14th day in response to the killing. today the former officer, the

fired officer at the center of george floyd's case appeared before a judge for the first time. derek chauvin, the officer that had his knee on george floyd's neck for nearly nine minutes, as he struggled to breathe. he made the first court appearance from the state's maximum security prison today. he was wearing an orange jump suit and a face mask. he said very little in today's proceedings given the seriousness of the charges against him. charges that now include second degree murder and manslaughter, the judge set bail at $1.25 million. the conditions of the bail that he remain under court supervision, surrenders any guns and not having contact with the floyd family. his next court appearance is set for june 29th, at which time he will be expected to enter a plea. the other three officers in the case, have already been arraigned on charges of aiding

and abetting chauvin in mr. floyd's death, they are currently being held on $750,000 bail each. as those officers confront charges in that case, we are seeing more law enforcement officers charged for police brutality, charged for the way they have treated people, including during the wave of protests that have taken place across the country. i'm going to give you a warning now, that i'm about to show some of these instances for which we have videotape, for which there have been consequences for those officers involved, if you don't want to see the instances of violence, it's now time for you to change your television arrangement, if you need to do so. 3, 2, 1, we will go first to buffalo. this weekend, two buffalo new york police officers were arraigned on felony assault charges after video emerged of

them last week, knocking a 75-year-old man to the ground. that man fell backwards and cracked his head on the pavement, as he lay bleeding from his head and ear, officers were seen walking by without rendering aid, one officer who seemed inclined to help was pulled off by other officers. as of today, that elderly man remains in the hospital in serious condition. both of this officers charged in conjunction with that incident have plead not guilty. they appeared in court this weekend. saturday. those officers face up to seven years in prison if convicted this case has already made the buffalo police union rear up on its hind legs we saw further proof of that this weekend. this weekend, the police union arranged for people to gather outside the courthouses following the officer's hearing as those officers emerged they were greeted by cheers from the hundreds of people that had gathered. we saw similar scene in philadelphia today. hundreds of people turned out to support a philadelphia police

officer. who had been charged with aggravated assault for allegedly beating a temple university student with a metal baton during a protest last week. like in buffalo, he was greeted with cheers and salutes as he turned himself in. in terms of what he is being charged for in video that has emerged of the video incident. that officer is seen repeatedly hitting the college student in the head with a metal baton, causing injuries that resulted in that student needing ten staples in the head. all of this comes on top of atlanta police officers being charged with excessive force last week after video emerged of them yanking two young people, two college students on out of a car and then shooting them with stun guns. you know, people all over this country are calling for reforms to policing and calling for police officers to face consequences for beating and

shooting people. the place where the movement is gaining the most speed, the place that sort of is at the tip of the spear of this movement now is of course minneapolis. where george floyd was killed. and in a remarkable development, in minneapolis, yesterday, a veto proof majority of the minu minneapolis city council said they would dismantle the police department and rethink public safety in their city, and take the minneapolis police department apart and rebuild something else in its place. that was greed and reached by the city council's 9 of 13 members that came one day after minneapolis mayor frey was booed out of a rally that came to his house, after he said that he did not believe in abolishing the police department, he walked off. city council members say they have the votes to override any potential veto by mayor frey, they say, they don't yet know what a new public safety system

would look like for minneapolis but they plan to work with the community and draw on policing reforms and restructurings that have been seen in other cities. according to the city council's president, lisa bender the pledge from the city council members is an acknowledgment that the minneapolis police department doesn't just need reform. it's not enough. the status quo must be changed and changed fundamentally. >> our commitment is to do what is necessary to keep every single member of our community safe. and to tell the truth. that the minneapolis police are not doing that. [ cheers and applause ] >> our commitment is to end our city's toxic relationship with the minneapolis police department. to end policing as we know it. and to re-create systems of public safety that actually keep us safe. >> after making this bold

pronouncement this weekend in minneapolis, what happens next there? well, joining us now is lisa bender who is the president of the minneapolis city council. president bender thank you very much for being with us live tonight. i appreciate you making the time. >> thank you, so much for having me. >> so, minneapolis is obviously got the eyes of the nation upon it now because of what has happened over these past two weeks and what this killing revealed to the country about the minneapolis police department. as the country now looks at you, and your colleagues on the city council saying you want to end policing in minneapolis as we know it. that you want to essentially disband the city police department, what should the country understand what that means in practical terms? >> i think the most important thing to understand is that this is not the first time that our community has taken to the streets to demand justice.

jamar clark was killed by minneapolis police. and we instituted a whole series of reforms. we got a new police chief, new leadership, the community has been through a lot of watching us make promises and make changes and then to see george floyd killed in that horrific way for those almost nine minutes with four members of the department involved, it's just too much for or community. so, we are responding for the calls that are coming from our residents for change. >> cities like camden, new jersey and compton, california, disbanded their police departments as well. this is not something that minneapolis and you and your colleagues are inventing the concept up. compton did it in 2000, and camden did it in 2013, i believe. i wonder if you and your colleagues are thinking about those previous examples as, as

helpful? as examples of what to do or not to do? or if you have been essentially considering minneapolis to be on its own here in terms of the specific challenges? >> no, absolutely. there are many models around the country and there's also significant work done here led by community to invest in those systems of community safety that, just work to look at all the reasons folks call 9-1-1 in our city and what appropriate response we can pair. but public confidence in our department as, is at an extraordinary low. we have institutions like the university of minnesota, and our park board and school board, major businesses and employers, arts institutions, ending their relationship with our police department. so, in the urgent short-term, you know, we need to get a system in place that is keeping people safe that folks have confidence in, as we build up these alternative systems for

community safety. >> i have to ask you about the police union in minneapolis. we have covered a little bit of the dram, including the head of the police union appearing in a trumps rally in a cops for trump shirt, after there was a reminder to police officers that they should not attend something like that in uniform. we have also seen some pretty inflammatory comments and stances taken by the police union at times. i wonder if it seems to you and your colleague this is that you what you are trying do has a sworn enemy in the police union and what is your strategy to work around them if you believe they are beyond working with on this? >> i mean, they have shown us time and time again that they are beyond working with on reform. and even recently statements coming out of the federation are

defending the actions of the officers in george floyd's killing, you know, it's to the point that the former police chief and our former mayor and other community leaders are speaking on out specifically against the president of the union, but also the union itself. labor leaders are calling for change and you know, distancing themselves from the union. i think making it clear that our, our attempt to get around the blockades of the police union are not seen as undermining, our support for organized labor in our city, which represents the majority of city employees and a really important part of worker protections. so, yes, that, that union relationship, that union position, again, you know, elected by the majority of the department is a huge barrier, so, i think we have to get through those institutional barriers but there's also a system within the department that needs to change. so, it's not just about changing one leader, but changing the

whole system. >> lisa bender, president of the minneapolis city council, thank you for speaking to us tonight. again, you guys have been under incredible pressure and to innovate and step up in the way that you have in these past few days is a remarkable thing to see and the whole country will be watching closely as you all move forward with these radical and interesting constructive ideas. good luck and keep us apprise, keep us in the loop. >> thank you. >> all right, i want to bring in to the conversation philip goff, he is a professor at john j college of criminal justice, he is a cofounder for the center for policing equity. he has worked on this as an expert for years. thank you very much for making time to be here tonight, i'm happy to have you here. >> thanks for having me. >> i know you are not only a expert on these things broadly, you consulted with minneapolis on some of its policing problems

and on public safety. are you going to work with the city on this new goal of dismantling the police department and re-imagining public safety? minneapolis? what have you made of what is happened so far and do you expect you would be involved in it? >> yeah, i mean, so there's the example of compton before and camden before. but this is still unprecedented. in part because there's the chance that this sets the tone for what is happening nationally on police reform. so, lisa and i got a chance to speak shortly before this. we are, we have been involved in minneapolis, we will be willing to continue to be involved and help wherever we can to help make communities safer and provide them with the resources so they don't have to call the police in the first place. this should not by the way be controversial, people want to live in communities where people don't have to call the police, especially the police. and we think there's ways to do it responsibly but everything is so new, it's just new.

we don't know what tomorrow will look like. >> when people around the country look at what is happening in minneapolis, this announcement from the super majority in the city council and they hear the demands about defunding police. can you explain in sort of layman's terms the difference between reforming the police and these types of transformational approaches that we saw in camden and we saw in compton and now we appear to be aiming at in minneapolis, what is the qualitative difference? >> it's a range, it's not discreet one way or the other. on one side of it, you have people that really believe there should be no law enforcement at all. communities manage all violations of the social contract. if there's violence, communities deal with it. and then you have tinkering around the edges. let's chiange a policy and let' change a training and they are -- >> really what we are seeing now is people moving towards the

side of abolition, and it's not about having no police, but making sure again, that communities have the resources so that you can have less of a footprint of police. right. so, i will give you an example, a lot of people have been asking me for the last couple of days. if we defund the police, what happens when you call 9-1-1. i say, well, if something is on fire, what number do you call? you call 9-1-1. who shows up, the ambulance, the fire truck. and if somebody is having a heart attack. you call 9-1-1. and the emt shows up. we already have 9-1-1 giving a lot of different emergency services. imagine if somebody was overdosing or when a couple was having a disagreement that they didn't know how to resolve or a kid was not feeling safe. right, if you could call mental health resources, child protective resources, substance abuse resources if the resources that folks needed so they did not need to rely on law enforcement were there. if 9-1-1 had more options,

communities would feel safer and you would not be introducing a badge and gun, to situations that law enforcement can never be trained to deal with anyway, and they have been trying to get out of the business of for years. that is what protesters and activists that i talk to say they want. they want more options for 9-1-1 and more resources for communities so the community has made the decision that a situation is bad enough that they want a badge and gun. >> it's fascinating how things evolve politically. one of the key insight fors for transformational thinking around national security is realizing that people in the military and particularly well experienced people in the military were themselves among the most articulate defenders that the military should not be used for everything. and what you are describing about how police themselves are among the most authoritative and articulate spokes people for the

idea that the police are not the right solution for every situation we have and we apply police resources to. it's interesting how these things go in terms of political fights and it sets up strange bed fellows of who are allies and who lines up on which side of the fights. what do you anticipate will happen in minneapolis, now th t the city council has come out with the goal. the mayor at least, seems to be in slightly a different position from it. the community is up in arms. the community is also mobilized like nothing we have seen in a generation. how do you think this is going to play out in terms of trying to make these changes? >> i can say definitively, and authority ta -- i have no idea. the pressure is enormous. the eyes of the nation are and have been on minneapolis. so, it may be the case that what we end up is something that will

feel to abolistionits more like tinkering around the edges, it may end up to be more pro found. it may work to reduce crime and improve public trust. it certainly will come up with bumps and obobstacles. i don't know what it will look like. what i can say, is we learned from camden and we learn friday compton, there's more or less responsible ways and more or less likely ways to be successful at this. i will give you an example. if you defund the police didn't a -- police department and take away 50% of the personnel. there's no union contract in the united states that says anything other than, last in, are also first out. that mean fs you are trying cut it, you are getting rid of the youngest officers who are also the most progressive, also the most interested in culture change. that is not the department that protesters are asking for. right, so, if you don't end up following a road map and looking for ways to cut the right

officers, and cut the right programs, you are going to end up with, with tragedy in black communities. can i not overstate this point. for generations we have had politicians say, you know what? black communities, they can fend for themselves, they need to be taking care of themselves. so the mental health resources that others have, we will privatize them and take them away. the grocery stores that give you fresh vegtables, take it, throw it out. and the only public system that receives any public funding is law enforcement and in some of the communities police cars are more likely to take you to the hospital when you are sick than an ambulance is because police cars get the funding. so, if all we do is take money out of policing and we don't reinvest it either before or at the same time we take it out of policing in to black communities, we are making it worse. and this is part of the point i hope everyone gets tonight about

minneapolis and what we are seeing across the nation. this is not just a policing issue. and if we want to have solutions that are proportional to this moment and all we do, even if we radically reform policing if that is all we do, we have missed the moment. what i'm hearing and seeing and feeling is that this is a moment which is the past due notice on the unpaid debts owed to black people for 400 years. if we don't understand that all of the disinvestment in black communities is past due and we are paying for it right now. just the interest right now, then i'm scared that we are going to come up with solutions that are not worthy of how big this is and feels for identity as a democracy, and for our hope of ever making good on the american creed, particularly of the sons and daughters of -- >> philip goff, dr. goff, it's great to have you here, to talk

with us tonight. both specifically on what is going on in minneapolis and why the eyes of the nation should be on this potential change, thanks for being here, great to have you here. >> thanks for the conversation. all right, much more to get to tonight, stay with us. your bank can be virtually any place. so, when you get a check... you can deposit it from here. and you can see your transactions and check your balance from here. you can detect suspicious activity on your account from here. and you can pay your friends back from here. so when someone asks you, "where's your bank?" you can tell them: here's my bank. or here's my bank. or, here's my bank. because if you download and use the chase mobile app, your bank is virtually any place. so visit chase.com/mobile.

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♪ . the head of the arizona state health department sent out this letter to all the hospitals in the state of arizona. telling them to fully activate their facility emergency plans for coronavirus in the state of arizona, quote, your facilities and staff are on the frontline of the response and your continued ability to care for your patients in a safe manner is critical in arizona's success in overcoming covid-19. for those reasons i urge you to fully activate your facility emergency plan. make determinations for moving your facility from conventional care to contingency care and

prepare for crisis care. identify additional icu and in-patient beds to meet a 50% bed increase and activate medical volunteers and integrate them in your facility. refine your hospital admission criteria to manage patients in the community rather than in your facility. on that last point, that is basically the top health official in the state of arizona telling the hospitals in that state that they need to change the grounds on which they usually admit patients to their hospitals. because, coronavirus is now taking all the bed space. so people who may otherwise be admitted in to the hospital should no longer be admitted to the hospital. there's not enough room. in maricopa county, which is phoenix and the surrounding area, icu capacity is now full. the hospital system there has said it has no more icu beds in the phoenix area. phoenix is the largest city in arizona.

and in the second largest city? arizona, which is tucson, the hospitals there say their icu capacity is basically full as well. it's at least right on the brink in tucson. full up in phoenix, on the brink of full in tucson. this weekend, the major hospital system in the state said that it had also reached capacity for something called, i think you say ecmo, it's e-c-m-o. it's basically an external lung. if your lungs are so damaged that even being on a ventilator is not enough, they put you on one of the ecmo machines as basically a last ditch way to keep you alive using a mechanical external lung. so your body can hopefully fight its way back from the brink while the machine does the breathing for you. except in arizona right now, there's no more of those t largest hospital in the state has run out of the machines because they are all in use because of coronavirus.

arizona dropped its stay-at-home order after a visit from president trump on may 15th. earlier than the state had otherwise been set to reopen. they earlied it up. opened up on may 15th and now we are three'ish weeks later and they are having a record number of new cases and a record high tests they are doing and they are maximuming out icu and equipment capacity. not in out of the way places like yuma, now they are over topping the hospital in icu capacity in the state of arizona's two largest cities. including the state capitol. so, things in arizona should probably be getting more national attention than they are. we have also been keeping an eye on the neighboring state of utah. last week, mid week the state epidemiologist had a press conference saying that the state

had a sharp spike in new cases and that it was not due to their being more testing or one localized outbreak somewhere. it was announced that it was a state-wide surge in cases and unless it turned around hospitals in utah may not be able to cope. that warning from the state epedimiologist in utah was last wednesday. two days later the state hospital association wrote a letter to the people of utah, pleading with utah residents to please recognize the severity of what is going on in their state and the risk to hospital capacity if people do not wear masks and do social distancing. never the less, that day, utah hit another new record number of new cases on friday, and then the day after that, on saturday. utah broke that record from friday and set an even higher new record for daily case numbers. this is happening in a bunch of states now. nearly half the states in the country are now seeing their daily numbers of new coronavirus cases going up.

not down. but in states like arizona, and utah, where the numbers are terrible and in the state of north carolina, this is the curve in north carolina. daily new cases. this is now getting to be a c consequential thing in the states. here is a case where they trying make the case how had serious it is in their state. >> it takes about two weeks to see an impact in the change in policy on an outbreak from an event. that is because of that incubation period from the virus. meaning the time from when a person was first exposed to covid-19 to when they are sick. it's about 14 days. and that's important. because if you remember, about two weeks ago, on may 22nd, we moved in to phase 2. on saturday, we reported our highest number of new laboratory confirmed cases in one day.

at the same time, our other key metrics have moved in the wrong direction. covid-19 hospitalizations are increasing the percent of tests that are positive is now among the highest in the nation. i am concerned. these trends moving in the wrong direction is a signal we need to take very seriously. the trends of these numbers is going the wrong way. >> it's going the wrong way. north carolina state health director there. north carolina, as she said, opened up a couple of weeks ago. and then, couple of weeks after the reopening they hit the highest ever number of new cases in one day on saturday, this past weekend, today, they hit the highest number yet of hospitalizations in north carolina. and this is, this is happening in lots of states. mississippi hit the highest number of new cases today. in florida, new cases have been rising an average of 46% per day.

florida. but we are now in a phase of this epidemic nationwide, where despite all of it happening, all of the alarms being sounded in red states and blue states. in the southwest and the southeast, and different parts of the you know can, despite all of that, the government of the united states is pretending it's not happening now. the "wall street journal" reporting that the president and his advisers have made a strategic decision, a strategic decision to just move on and not talk about this anymore. they are counting on, you know, roughly a thousand americans dying every day from this disease being something we are just going to get used to. or maybe they are counting on it something that we don't really believe. it was one month ago today that president trump said the total number of americans killed by coronavirus would not top more than 110,000 of us dead. >> we will be at 100,000, or

110,000 higher the lower level of what was projected if we did did the shut down. >> that was a month ago today, the president said we will have a total death toll in this country of 100,000, 110,000 deaths. we are over 110,000 american deaths already. as of this weekend and we are still losing a thousand more americans on average every day. but that fact has not stopped the president from repeatedly, confidently pronouncing to the american people that it's definitely, definitely not going to be as bad as it definitely is. >> now, we are going toward 50, i'm hearing, or 60,000 people. we are probably heading to 60,000, 70,000, far too many, one person is far too many for this. >> that number has changed, mr. president. you said 60, 70 -- >> i used to 85,000 and it's 80 or 90, and it goes up, goes up

rapidly. we will lose anywhere from 75, 80, to 100,000 people. that is a horrible -- >> be at 100,000, 110,000. now we are up over 110,000 deaths already and i mean, a certain number of people, when you have case numbers rising, you are going to have the number of people dying rising. you are going to have that -- as the number of cases gets larger, you are going to have the number of people dying increase at a more and more rapid rate, right? we still -- the basics of this, i feel like are still escaping the general discussion here. right, we still don't have a cure or a vaccine or any effective treatment. so, when a lot of people get infected a lot of people are going to die and what we are seeing in a lot of states right now is a lot of people getting infected, incredibly steep

graphs in terms of how fast the cases are rising each day and big states like florida. i mean, right now, in terms of the number of people killed by this thing, we have by far the worst outbreak in the world and then after us, it's the uk and after uk, it's brazil. this weekend, the far right president of brazil ordered that that country is going to stop reporting its total case numbers and its total deaths. president of brazil, fired his first health minister that said brazil would need to do social distancing. he ousted the next health minister, because that one would not go along with his claims that hydroxychloroquine would be a miracle for this thing and now he has installed a guy in charge of the health ministry that is a random guy from the military with no health background whatsoever. and he is shutting down the national reporting in brazil of how many people have it and how many people are dead. he is just not letting the

numbers out anymore. and with our government, and what our government is doing right now, just giving up. not talking about it, pretending it's not happening. brazil making the decision over the weekend, you can almost see the thought bubble over the white house, brazil did what? can we do it here? make the numbers go away? a lot going on right now, i know. watch the space, it's not getting any better. don't bring that mess around here, evan! whoo! don't do it. don't you dare. i don't think so! [ sighs ] it's okay, big fella. we're gonna get through this together. [ baseball bat cracks ] nice rip, robbie. ♪ raaah! when you bundle home and auto insurance through progressive, you get more than just a big discount. i'm gonna need you to leave. you get relentless protection. [ baseball bat cracks ]

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these policies to stop the spread of the virus are? well a group of researchers at the university of california at berkley went after those answers and they came up with stunning results the bottom line of the study is that all of the restrictions that were put in place, the social distancing and the closures and the lockdown, all in all, may have prevented over 500 million coronavirus infections across just six countries. just looking at china, the u.s., france, italy, iran, south korea, 500 infections, measures in the u.s. may have prevented 60 million cases alone. over 1700 coronavirus containment policies implemented in six different countries. travel bans, school closures, social distancing mandates and stay-at-home orders. they mapped the time lines of the implementation of the policies on to the increase in coronavirus cases in all of

those places where those things were put in to affect. as you can see, they did a lot of math here. but the bottom line is that in the u.s. for instance, on the right here, that shows the rate at which cases would have increased in the month of march, if case numbers had remained on the growth electtrajectory they on. and on the left is the actual rate that cases increased because we had containment policies. there should have been over five million confirmed cases by early april, and instead, because of americans staying home and doing social distancing, there were less than 400,000 cases. and what is notable about this study behind the, beyond the head-turning top line numbers. is that if you do this math, if you are able to map the affects of all the hundreds of different policies across different cities and different regions and different countries. you eventually start to gain enough data in terms of the impact of the policy that you start to build a pretty good library. you start to gain potentially a really good international

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this is the headline in the san francisco chronicle today. covid-19 prevention measures presented 500 million infections. that's the finding of this new big study of six countries hit hardest by coronavirus, including the u.s. by drilling down on what countries did to try to slow the spread of the virus and when they did it and what the effect was of those policies, a big study like this can help us see not only what we have just been through, but what policies are sort of most worth the time and effort even moving forward from here. joining us now is the professor of public policy at uc berkeley. thanks for making time to help us understand this tonight. i appreciate you being here. >> thanks for having me.

>> let me first ask if i have described the basis of your study. >> absolutely. you got the substance of the study. you nailed it very well. i think the thing to add to what you said is how we think about the results of this study. you know, we have been going through a really rough 2020. people have been working very hard trying to just stay afloat. there has been tremendous economic hardship across the country. unemployment has been going up. and those costs are very real. people are suffering. they're very salient, and it's been really hard to figure out what are we getting in return for all of that sacrifice. what we're trying to do in this study is really understand what were the whbenefits about these policies. we don't actually see the lives that are saved. we don't see the infections that don't occur. what we have to do is try to measure them and construct them

and help us understand what those benefits are so that as we make decisions about whether we keep certain policies in place, we are making -- we're making an educated tradeoff between the health benefits and the economic cost. sort of looking back, i think, what these results tell us -- oop. >> i'm sorry. the delay makes it awkward in terms of interrupting you. i'm going to ask you what i think you were going to say anyway, but tell me if i'm wrong. from looking at all these different approaches taken at all these different places, did you and your colleagues end up with a number line of more bang for your buck versus less in terms of the impact of these policies and the number of infections prevented? >> yeah. that was a primary goal of the study, is to figure out how can we get the most health benefit for the lowest cost. what we see around the world, different policies have different impacts. i think that makes a lot of

sense because cultures are different. in the united states, what we see is that business closure, people working from home, people staying in their homes, those have very large health benefits. there is other policies, transportation restrictions, for example, that don't have as clear effects. and then there is other policies still. so, for example, one interesting policy is school closures. so it's been really hard for children to stay home all the time, both on the families and the kids, and we don't want to say that it doesn't matter, but we don't see really clear evidence that it's having big benefits in the data. >> one of the things that you said in announcing the results of this study as it was published in "nature today" is the bottom line. you said i don't think any human endeavor has ever saved so many lives in such a short period of time. there has been huge personal

cost to staying home and canceling events, but the data shows each day makes a difference. do you mean that saved more lives than anything else we have ever done? >> absolutely. i think this is an incredible achievement. i mean, the ability to coordinate millions of people to stay home when they don't want to, to take on these tremendous hardships to save other people's lives, it's incredible. i don't think it's ever happened before. and not just in this country, in countries around the world. i think, you know, it's been a really difficult year and it's a little inspiring to think back and realize what it is that we achieved together by coordinating, cooperating, using science. we did something that's never been done in human history, and we should be proud of that, but it's not over. you know, it's still going on. the roof was falling. we came together. we caught it. and we're at this moment just

sort of still holding it up. >> chancellor professor of public policy at uc berkeley. thank you for your time. thanks for helping us understand. >> thanks for having me. all right. we'll be right back. stay with us. dark lows. and, can leave you feeling extremely sad and disinterested. overwhelmed by bipolar depression? ask about vraylar. not all types of depression should be treated the same. vraylar effectively helps relieve all symptoms of bipolar depression... with just one pill, once a day. elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis have an increased risk of death or stroke. call your doctor about unusual changes in behavior or suicidal thoughts. antidepressants can increase these in children and young adults. report fever, stiff muscles or confusion, which may mean a life-threatening reaction,

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it's been good to have you with us here tonight. now it's time for "the last word with lawrence o'donnell". >> good evening, rachel. it's been extraordinary to see how quickly there has been a governing response to these protests. in minneapolis, for example, they're talking about just expanding this police force and starting over. we have this big piece of legislation, comprehensive piece of legislation introduced by the democrats on the house of representatives today. and i don't think we have ever seen a legislative response to an event like this