the challenge is to make or keep our communities places where we can tolerate, even celebrate our differences while pulling together for the common good. i'm press. >> i don't care. >> get down. >> i just got pepper sprayed. >> step back. get back, get back. >> reporter: around the world, journalists are under attack. >> whoa! >> they don't care. >> beaten, silenced, intimidated, and killed. and in a climate where the press

is maligned and discredited for holding the powerful to account. >> they are the fake, fake, disgusting news. >> reporter: nine out of ten murders of journalists are never solved. but on the island of malta, one family took a stand and said enough is enough. >> reporter: a tiny island in the southern mediterranean. malta is home to fewer than half

a million people. it's quiet and generally safe. tourists have long been drawn to its warm climate, rich history, and rugged coastline. but malta has a dark side. with loose banking laws, malta has been a magnet for organized crime and money laundering. and no one knew this island's seedy and dangerous underbelly better than journalist daphne car wanna galizia. >> i have to say it is a very corrupt country. >> reporter: for three decades, daphne made it her business to uncover malta's secrets. her signature exposés were full of detailed investigations and revealed allegations of kprupgs

corruption by maltese government officials. her work earned daphne many admirers and many enemies. and it eventually cost daphne her life. >> an extremely prominent investigative journalist was assassinat assassinated. >> has been killed in a car bomb attack. >> in pieces in a nearby field. >> malta's best known and most controversial journalist. >> she was very well known for highlighting corruption in malta. >> the investigative reporter had warned of death threats two weeks ago. >> she worried about how this abuse would affect other whistle-blowers. >> reporter: it was a sunny afternoon in october 2017 at her home just outside a little village, daphne, always a whirlwind of energy, was as usual in a rush. she needed to get to the bank before it closed, and the bank

was a 30-minute drive away. her eldest son, matthew, also a journalist, was with her, working from home. >> i heard the door shut. i heard her walking off. >> reporter: moments later, his mother was back. >> and she was kind of flustered. she had forgotten her checkbook. she said, bye-bye, now i'm really going. i heard the door shut, the keys hanging on the back of the door shaking. >> daphne didn't travel quietly. >> like she was playing music really loud. she would turn on the car radio very loud. >> matthew returned to work. but less than five minutes later, he heard a sound that would change his life forever. >> i just heard the loud, very, very loud explosion, and i just jumped out of my chair. i knew what it was immediately.

>> reporter: matthew ran out of the house barefoot. just down the road, he saw it. a hellish scene. his mother's car had been blown up, veering off the road into a nearby field. >> i saw the column of black smoke, and i just ran towards it. the car was completely engulfed in flames, so i couldn't tell what color it was or anything like that. i could just see pieces of flesh and pieces of the car all over the ground, and maybe it's not her. i kept telling myself that. please let it not be here. i realized when i saw the number plate of the car that my mother is dead and that she's not coming back. i mean there was nothing i could do. my mother is gone forever. >> reporter: daphne was malta's most famous woman. >> at the center of this storm of scandal are three companies. >> reporter: she had been a

prominent newspaper columnist on the island for years, reporting on criminal activity and government scandals. >> such a close-knit society, and people are afraid to offend others. they're afraid of stepping on other people's toes. and obviously if you're going to write a proper column, you're going to step on people's toes very often. >> reporter: and that's exactly what daphne did on her blog called "running commentary," and it was widely seen. daphne's posts often attracted more readers than the combined circulation of all of malta's newspapers. so news of what had just happened traveled quickly. >> i remember i started -- i'm not ashamed to say -- shaking. >> jason azaparti was daphne's lawyer. he was one of the first to hear of the explosion. >> a police inspector called me, sobbing. i remember him sobbing, telling me, they did it. they did it.

they removed her. they removed her. >> reporter: jason knew immediately what that meant. this was no accident. this was an assassination. daphne's family was stunned by the brutality of her murder, and the island of malta rallied behind them, flooding the streets to pay their respects to the country's leading voice. malta's prime minister, joseph muscat, called daphne's death a spiteful attack on a citizen and freedom of expression. malta's small police force began its investigation. daphne's family wasn't hopeful. in the last seven years, there had been 19 car bombings in malta, several believed to be linked to the local mafia and targeting men known to police. all of the bombings were unsolved. daphne's family vowed this time

would be different. >> in that moment when i was standing in front of the burning car, i knew that we are going to be fighting for the rest of our lives. i knew it. >> reporter: her last blog post read, "there are crooks everywhere you look now. the situation is desperate." was she killed because she was about to expose a secret? her friends and family were determined to find out. they knew that this wasn't just another mafia hit and that they couldn't rely on the police. it would be up to them to solve her murder. ♪ limu emu & doug you know limu, after all these years it's the ones that got away that haunt me the most. [ squawks ] 'cause you're not like everybody else. that's why liberty mutual customizes your car insurance, so you only pay for what you need. what? oh, i said... uh, this is my floor.

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car finally came to a stop, friends and admirers gathered to honor her memory. >> most people know daphne through her blog, and her writing was very bold. daphne was fearless. she was unstoppable. >> caroline muscat was one of many maltese women who looked up to daphne. >> when i met her the first time, i was actually very surprised to meet a woman who was rather shy, very articulate, very, very strong sense of integrity. there's never any gray for daphne. there's right and wrong. there's good and evil. there's black and white. things are the way they are. she didn't mince her words. the only way they could stop daphne was by killing her. >> my mother, she had the force of like a hundred people. she could do so much. when i was a kid, it was amazing. i would not swap it for anywhere

else. we had complete freedom. she could be like in seven places at the same time. she had this kind of ability to like do things by magic. i mean she was always one step ahead of everyone else. someone who simply never gave up, who would never be bullied into silence. >> reporter: daphne's specialty was speaking truth to power and naming names among malta's rich and powerful, especially in government. >> daphne was one woman all by herself. she was a force to reckon with, revealing corruption, corrupt deals, the link between politicians and criminality, the link between politicians and the criminal underworld. >> reporter: daphne had one

target above all others, prime minister joseph muscat. the prime minister and his labor party swept to power in 2013, promising a can-do, pro-business agenda. daphne didn't see it that way, and the day before muscat was elected, she mocked him and his wife on her blog, critiquing his clothing and calling his wife pushy. two hours later, the police were at her door with an arrest warrant, saying she broke malta's day of reflection, a 24-hour information blackout before the country heads to the polls. >> i was arrested, i was told, because of an article i published. i have no evidence that i was arrested at the labor party's request, but it seems to me the logical conclusion. but it's absolutely appalling in a new member state, in a

democratic country in 2013 that the law should seek to control what people say and what they write. >> she set a very high bar to which and with which other journalists measured their work. she was revealing a lot of abuse and abuse of power. >> reporter: like the citizenship by investment scheme. ♪ while malta is a small country, its passports are extremely valuable because they allow visa-free entry to the european union and all the perks of membership to the world's biggest trading bloc. things took a big turn in this country in 2014 when malta decided to sell passports. thank you very much. a few countries do this around the world, but malta is in the eu, which means the price is

high. you have to spend around a million dollars. for daphne, the passport scheme was a symbol of a country that had gone wild for cash. >> the malta individual investor program, most exclusive in the world. >> reporter: to secure a passport, applicants must invest in maltese stocks and real estate. >> our ambitions is always to see malta reach the top spot as a country of this nation for investment. >> reporter: prime minister muscat traveled the world pitching the passport scheme. his close friend and political adviser, the man credited with muscat's landslide election victory, never far from his side. >> then they decided to sell passports, which is representative of the complete loss of morality. >> reporter: manuel delia is one of daphne's many proteges. a former political researcher,

manuel switched careers to become an investigative journalist. after her death, manuel started his own blog to keep up the fight against political corruption in her absence. >> when you take your heritage, you take your country, you take its independence, you take its identity and good name and reputation, and you sell it to anyone purely on the criterion that they have the money to buy it, it's becoming a kleptocracy, and it's becoming governed by criminals. >> reporter: under prime minister muscat, malta sold around 2,000 so-called golden passports, netting the government hundreds of millions of dollars. and while there was nothing illegal on the surface of the program, it set alarm bells ringing. >> and this has attracted people who are not the best models of life to our shores and the wrong

kind of money. >> what do you mean by that? >> you have people openly declaring buying a maltese passport not to live in malta, but to have a foothold to go into europe. >> reporter: daphne directly blamed prime minister muscat. his government, she claimed, had become dependent on the passport money, hooked on their financial heroin. >> daphne was the conscience of the country. it was a stinging conscience because it was a country drunk with greed. she had her finger on the -- and it was painful. she was holding up a mirror to the country. >> she didn't stand nonsense. she didn't stand hypocrisy, but what motivated her, i think, was this duty to inform the public. >> reporter: while best known for her investigative work, daphne's blogs also delved into

gossip, revealing who on this island was having extramarital affairs and where government officials were traveling. she clashed regularly with public figures, who dismissed her as a muckraker. among her critics was talk show host xavier balzan. i went to meet him at his tv studio. >> we didn't really like each other. let's face it. she had this habit of publishing things without even thinking about repercussions, without checking the facts. she was reckless in this way. it doesn't justify what happened to her, but she was reckless. >> were you surprised when you heard she was killed? >> no, i wasn't surprised. >> reporter: daphne's high profile raised the stakes. despite his longtime feud with her, prime minister muscat's government contacted the u.s. state department for help investigating daphne's death. the fbi offered assistance.

they did a careful analysis of cell phone data from the day of daphne's murder and pieced together a precise timeline of the last minutes of her life. it was almost 3:00 in the afternoon, broad daylight. she got in. she had just pushed send on what would turn out to be her last blog post. daphne didn't know her last moves were being closely watched from a nearby hill. what we now know is this was a meticulously planned assassination with a spotter who was standing right on this hill. of all the hills in the area, this one offers the most direct line of sight to that very stretch of road where daphne was driving. cell phone records show that just as daphne was passing in his vision, he made a phone call. ten miles away, the fbi's analysis show that a call was answered by a triggerman on a

boat just offshore. floating a safe distance away, the triggerman got the go-ahead from the spotter on the hill, and then he sent a text message to another phone connected to the explosive hidden under the driver's seat of daphne's car. the text message sent from the boat detonated the bomb. the fbi's analysis didn't just reveal the times and locations of the key calls but also who made them. two months after daphne's murder, maltese police raided a warehouse and arrested three local suspects, all linked to organized crime. they've all pled not guilty. so was it case closed? daphne's family and friends weren't convinced. they didn't believe for a second

that the three men under arrest were the masterminds of the assassination. do you think they acted alone? >> definitely not. definitely, definitely, definitely not. >> reporter: so who ordered daphne's murder and why? >> the first place you look to find out would have to be in what she wrote about. >> reporter: what she wrote about threw up a number of clues. one pointing 6,000 miles west of malta to central america's most notorious money laundering oasis. new advil dual action

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>> reporter: if you have pesos, euros, yen, or ruples and want to change them for clean dollars, panama is just about as close to paradise as you can get. a favored laundromat for drug cartels, it's also the destination for international property developers. nobody actually lives in the skrie scrapers in downtown panama city. they're empty, bought and sold merely as a way to park and flip money. panama was a favorite place for

russian president vladimir putin's friends and confidants to stash their money. >> we're now doing a great, great project in panama. >> reporter: donald trump also liked doing business here. this was the first international trump property. but in 2016, someone tried to ruin the party. journalists exposed documents from a prominent law firm here called mossack fonseca. >> now to the banking bombshell causing shock waves around the world. >> 11.5 million documents from a panamanian law firm. >> the use of financial centers by the rich and powerful. >> havens, money laundering, arms and drug dealers have now been exposed. >> reporter: the panama papers revealed how some of the most powerful people in the world set up shell companies in panama to hide their wealth. i went to the public records

room in panama city. it was packed with volumes of crumbling ledgers listing thousands of shell companies. so why would someone use a corporation to buy a condo? often to hide the identity of the real buyer. it was a fairly straightforward process. investors hired mossack fonseca to create the untraceable shell companies, some of which then bought real estate. once the cash was converted into condominiums, it was clean. the panama papers blew the lid off the scheme, revealing who had been hiding money here. a who's who of international movers and shakers and some of the big names were prominent figures in maltese politics. back on the island, daphne caruana galizia immediately recognized the importance of the panama papers and started

digging. combing through the papers, daphne identified two companies registered in panama named hearnville and tillgate. they were owned by prime minister joseph muscat's close friend and chief of staff, keith skem bree and malta's energy minister, conrad mittsy. excited about what she'd found, daphne shared her reporting in a radio interview. >> they expected never to be discovered, but they were discovered. and the whole thing erupted. however, the prime minister is backing both his chief of staff and his energy minister. >> there was nothing illegal about government ministers having holdings in a central american tax haven. but the exposure put muscat's government on the offensive. >> when she came out with the

story of panama, the secret companies of the chief of staff of the prime minister and the right-hand man of the prime minister, people derided her. the government mocked her, ridiculed her, demonized her. >> reporter: for daphne, attacks on her character came with the territory. >> when you look at my story, it's a classic, classic case of scapegoating on a national, nationwide scale. >> reporter: and sometimes it was more than just insults. >> daphne's house was burned down. her two dogs were killed. she faced threats and harassment for most of her adult life. >> they killed her dogs? >> yes, they slit their throat. >> as what? an intimidation campaign? >> yes. it was one of many times that daphne got hit. it was bullying, a warning. nobody thought it would come to a point where she could be killed. >> reporter: the pressure and

intimidation daphne faced are part of a growing trend worldwi worldwide. journalists are being demonized as enemies of the people. >> we are live on the air at the moment. >> why am i under arrest, sir? >> reporter: peddling fake news. >> i say that you're a terrible reporter. that's enough. put down the mic. >> reporter: in malta, daphne bore the brunt of it. >> she was the enemy of the people for the party and government. whenever she used to reveal corruption, she's a traitor. she's an enemy of the state. >> to this community, she was a symbol of what it meant to be reporting about corruption in business, in politics, and so she was a symbol of independent, unencumbered journalism. >> reporter: courtney rad itch is from the committee to protect journalists. >> journalists are being killed

because those who kill them know they can get away with impunity, that there is probably not going to be any investigation to find out who actually ordered the murder. nine out of ten killers of journalists go free, and even where -- >> nine out of ten go free? >> nine out of ten killers of journalists are never brought to justice. >> why is that? >> why is that? because there is the lack of political will and in some cases there's a lack of institutional capacity. daphne was one of the few journalists investigating deeply into the panama papers, the financial links of government officials, offshore accounts. no one in power wants that to be revealed. >> reporter: daphne was one of 67 reporters killed in 2017, but who was responsible? in her decades of reporting, daphne made many enemies. hers was a case with too much

motive. but there was one mysterious clue her son matthew couldn't get off his mind. eight months before she was killed, daphne posted a cryptic message on her blog, showing pictures of energy minister conrad mittsy, the chief of staff keith skem bree, the same two men with the panamanian accounts daphne exposed, and prime minister joseph muscat. she wrote just three words, "17 black dubai." >> she was working on this for years. >> do you think she knew that she was on to something dangerous? >> she did. >> reporter: but what was 17 black? you should be mad your neighbor always wants to hang out. and you should be mad your smart fridge

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the stories she wrote were dangerous and ones meant to stay hidden. but she was on a mission to expose the shady side of malta, and her murder had this small island nation on edge. after police arrested three alleged gangland hit men, the government seemed more than ready to declare the case closed. but daphne's son matthew was convinced there was more to his mother's murder. he launched his own investigation, using the resources he had. friends and colleagues in the media around the world. >> we coordinated the work of 45 journalists. >> reporter: a consortium of journalists united to continue daphne's work and solve her murder. they called themselves the daphne project. the project soon became matthew's full-time job and

obsession. >> 45 journalists worked on the daphne project. they spent months working on it. even two years later, some of that group are still working full-time on it. i've been working on it full-time since my mom's murder. it's -- it's tens of thousands of hours. but we are like the investigators of last resort, filling in the gaps that they left behind in the same way that my mom did. that's not how it should be. >> reporter: the first order of business was following the clue daphne left just months before she was killed. that mysterious post "17 black-dubai" before the photographs of the energy minister, conrad mizzi. both men were connected to a controversial government

contract to billion a $517 million gas-fired power plant that supplied malta with electricity. daphne had been skeptical of the agreement, writing "the deal makes so little sense for malta and for those who live here that we have to ask why konrad mizzi, joseph muscat, and keith schembri negotiated it, struck it, and signed off on it. also strange, she thought, the man awarded the lucrative deal was a maltese tycoon named jorgen fennick who had no experience in the energy sector. >> he was a showoff. he was born into unbelievable money. >> reporter: the son and heir to a wealthy business family, fennick had put together casino and real estate deals as well as the construction of new hotel complexes, and he liked to flash his cash down to his 85-foot, $6 million yacht. >> he needed to show his family

that he had access and he would close deal although he was young, that he had a way of making money for his family. >> reporter: fennick had ambitions to expand his family's firm, and so back in 2013, four years before daphne's death, he worked to persuade prime minister joseph muscat's government to allow him to build the power plant. critics like daphne say it was a very sweet deal. >> the government would buy energy from them at a fixed price even if the government doesn't use it. this was a no-risk deal for jorgen fennick and his partners because they know what they will be charging and what they will be cashing from this deal 15 years from now. >> reporter: while fennick was of interest to daphne, he was not a regular target of her blog and didn't appear to be a strong

suspect in her murder. reporters with the daphne project thought others in malta, those who daphne frequently posted about, might have a more personal interest in wanting her dead. their suspicions initially fell on joseph muscat's close confidant, the economy minister, chris cardona. >> she reports he's in a brothel having sex with his secretary and a prostitute in germany. >> chris cardona? >> chris cardona. it was a story and she published it. >> what was his reaction? did he deny it? >> complete denial. >> reporter: more than that, the minister sued her for libel. one of 42 lawsuits against daphne at the time of her death. chris cardona denied the brothel allegations and our request for an interview. so back in the fall of 2018, we approached him outside of parliament. sir, is the government doing enough to look into daphne's murder? no answer. cardona has denied any role in daphne's murder and has not been

charged. but in june this year, under growing pressure, he resigned as deputy leader of the labor party. but daphne's murder was no closer to being solved. the authorities were stonewalling at every turn. the daphne project's reporters were grasping at straws, until a breakthrough. part of the united arab emirates, dubai is the banking center of the middle east. it is a city that runs on money. vegas without the gambling. one of the journalists investigating daphne's murder confirmed her blog post. 17 black dubai was, in fact, a company registered in the united arab emirates. and an email from the leaked panama papers showed the company was set up to deliver as much as $2 million to the panamanian accounts of malta's energy

minister, konrad mizzi, and the prime minister's chief of staff, keith schembri, the same two men photographed on daphne's cryptic post before her death. and what's more, 17 black was owned by the businessman behind malta's controversial power plant, yorgen fenech. the pieces of the puzzle finally seemed to be coming together. a power plant awarded to a rising tycoon. two panamanian accounts belonging to schembri and mizzi that without the panama papers would have been impossible to trace. and a dubai company owned by that same tycoon, yorgen fenech, set up to pay millions into those pan manamanian accounts. but was it enough to kill for? >> they must have gotten nervous that my mother knew about that company. they must have panicked.

they said, crap, she's closing the circle, and she's going to link the two things. >> reporter: mizzi denied any knowledge of 17 black. schembri confessed he knew it was owned by fenech, but said he never received a penny. but public opinion in malta was starting to turn. protesters demanded that the government resign. >> konrad mizzi, keith schembri, 17 [ bleep ] black. yorgen fenech. but the truth will out because the truth is out, and you have been exposed. >> reporter: despite the protests and the public embarrassment, prime minister muscat stood by his right-hand man. >> and you still have full faith in him? >> i said yes. >> it just went on and on and on and on. all with the protection of joseph muscat. joseph muscat had many opportunities to fire keith schembri based on the evidence

that we are putting into the public domain. he didn't do it. he never did it. >> reporter: it looked like a stalemate. but then in the fall of 2019 came an unexpected twist. a taxi driver was arrested in an unrelated money laundering case, and the alleged small-time crook started to sing. what he had to say shook malta to its core. i'm a performer. -always have been. -and always will be. never letting anything get in my way. not the doubts, distractions, or voice in my head. and certainly not arthritis. new voltaren provides powerful arthritis pain relief to help me keep moving. and it can help you too.

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>> reporter: for more than two years after she was killed, daphne caruana galizia's friends

and family fought to keep pressure on the maltese government. they turned a war memorial in malta's capital, valletta, into an unofficial shrine to the slain journalist, and matthew and his team of journalists pressed on with their investigation. >> the closest feeling i can imagine to this is imagine one day your child disappears. you are not going to rest until you find them. it's just this drive that you have within you to solve this problem. >> reporter: in london receiving an award to celebrate his mother's journalism, matthew didn't hold back. >> my mother wasn't murdered in a war zone. she was murdered in the european union. she was murdered for really being the only person who held the state to account. >> reporter: daphne's case became an international symbol of a journalist killed for her

work. >> corruption. money laundering. >> millions and millions and millions of dollars. >> reporter: the story of the panama papers she helped expose finding its way onto the big screen in a hollywood movie its way on the big screen in a hollywood movie starring meryl streep. >> people die to get the word out. >> the publicity made the case hard to ignore. by the end of 2018, the prime minister's reputation and career were tanking. the muscat was named man of the year but muscat still held firm. >> it was unbearable and no information and nothing was moving. we have come against it all. no one wanted to do anything. the police were not telling us

anything. their attitude was shrug their shoulders. there were times when it was so frustrating. i felt like driving my car into the prime minister's office and setting it on fire to send them a message. >> but then came a confession. that taxi driver arrested on money laundering struck a deal of immunity. he agreed to hire assassins to kill daphne. with the new evidence, armed police rated a luxury yacht. the men on board arrested and charged with complicity of the murder of daphne was the young tyco tycoon. >> as i remember waking up around 5:00 a.m. with my phone buzzing with the news that he's

been escaped on this luxury yacht and i thought my god, we got the guy. we forced him to make this move. >> once he was arrested, the house of cards start to collapse. the two resigned and this small island took the streets. crowds of protesters swarm the area. ministers came under verbal attack and physical assault. >> people were very angry. i have never seen anything like that.

yokin fennic pleaded not guilty. fennic made adaming allegation to police that the prime minister's right hand man, the chief of staff was the true master mind of the murder. the damage was done. delegations from the european union visited maulta three times on prime minister joseph muscat saying he lost the public's trust. >> we have serious concerns about mr. muscat staying in office. we have concerns of the integrity of the murder

investigation. >> it was a bitter blow for muscat who has been tapped for a senior role in the european union. >> he was pitching for a top eu job. >> instead, daphne's long sta standing nemesis, joseph muscat, finally resigns. >> things could have done differently by some people. i need to show the responsibility for that. >> when they saw him being arrested, that shocked the foundations of the power of

muscat. >> i really hoped that we can encourage people to fight even when the worst things happen. you are not going to change things by sitting at home being sad. you have to stop crying and get up on your feet and fight back. >> it is not for the tenacity, strong, iron will of the family of daphne, we would not know what we know today. there are no words to describe my admiration for them. >> in life, daphne has been a thorn to the prime minister, thanks to her, muscat's career

met an early glorious end. the politician failed by a journalist from beyond the grave. >> journalism brought down joseph muscat. she did that until the day she was killed and her work was continued by others. >> we can't bring my mother back. to make sure she did not die in vain, we can do a couple of things. the first is justice for her murder and investigations. and also learning lessons on what happened making sure it does not happen again. i believe in the power of journalism and i am proud of my mom. my mom died doing what had to be done and what i think also had to be done. if i were in her position, i would do the same thing.

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it's amazing, at the it is amazing. everyone wants to take a picture with me. >> she became a pop culture legend. ruth bader ginsburg. >> also known as the notorious r.b.g. >> law of this politics help keep women not on a pedestal but