bachelor assad, in residential areas around cities. this is how russians fight wars. there is no room for supplies, the moment the russians -- [inaudible] . >> i think i've lost bobbies audio. bobby ghosh is up bloomberg opinion editor. if you are just joining us, now it is 8 am in new york. it is 2 pm here in tiszabecs, hungary. we have breaking news. ukraine now says that the second attempt in many days at a cease-fire in mariupol in southeastern ukraine has failed. let's go to ukraine, in lviv. molly hunter is standing by. you and i were monitoring this. it now seems that attempts to get civilians out has once against failed. what have you heard about it? >> yeah, for the second day in a row, ali, for the last hours since we last spoke, we have

been monitoring those buses. we saw those buses going to the pick up places, the designated pick up places in marriott poll. minutes ago, i've got to say our local producers have been on phones, on social media, trying to get evidence that people actually got on those buses or started moving out. it appears, now according to an adviser for the interior ministry for the ukrainian interior ministry, that it has failed. i am just reading this telegram count right now. it says, second attempt to create a green corridor for a citizens mariupol has failed because of shelling from the russia's side. it says yesterday's situation has repeated today. they say people should go find shelter, go inside. if they can come to one of those designated people. if they had gotten into the car of someone to go on that designated green route to safety, go back home. they also say, burn the enemies, throw molotov cocktails. do not let occupants into your house. this is a very dynamic situation. this is breaking right now. we have not seen a video of

these shelling's. we have not seen evidence, necessarily, of people leaving those designated places. but certainly, this is unfolding as we speak right now. we have not seen any evidence that civilians have gone on those buses and left mariupol, which is exactly the plan. this isn't the only place, ali, that evacuations are happening. i want to bring you to a town south of kyiv. yesterday, according to the red cross, they evacuated 3000 people, including many elderly residents. they crossed a bridge to get out of that suburb to the safety of the west. but today, i want to show you this video. we have the video showing russian shelling in that area as civilians are trying to evacuate. now of course, everyone, whether it's from mariupol, from the southeast, or from the northeast, they are trying to make their way west, to where i am, ali, to the relative safety of lviv. we have been talking to so many people. there are so many people who want to get out of the country to go to hungary, to go to poland, to go to save neighboring countries.

there are also a lot of people, ali, who think they may be able to waited out, who believe in their soldiers, who think that actually, ukraine might be able to win. they may be able to return home. we spoke with one woman, ali, yesterday at the train station here. her husband's abroad right now. he is coming back to fight. she wants to stay in the country. take a listen. >> you are not leaving the country. you are staying here? >> -- you believe in it? -- >> ali, there are a lot of people around lviv, who don't know where they are going to sleep tonight, who don't know what they are going to do with their families, how they are going to feed their children because they want to be able to return home. as we see scenes like we are seeing and mary, -able unfolding where citizens are

trapped, people have been under constant firing. as people see scenes like that continue around the country, i think it's going to be harder for people to stay, and believe they might be able to wait it out. ali? >> it is remarkable. it's not just the attempt to leave. it's the start and stop, this idea that they were told, pack your cars, take people with you, get out of mariupol, and then the cease-fire stops. it is the told that it takes on humanity. molly, you are seeing some of these people as they arrive in lviv. i am seeing some of them as they arrive in hungary. it is truly a tragedy unfolding. molly, we will stay close on this story. molly hunter is in lviv, about two and a half hours, almost due north of where i am right now on that ukrainian hungry border. hungary does continue to take an ukrainian refugees. now more than 157,000 other than 1.5 million, according to the un commission for refugees, about half a mile from here, one mile from there, is a

river. it's a border crossing. and on -- a baptist age group has set up a center. you can see their insignia here, the orange sign, to help refugees. above -- iran orange bus arrives here every 45 minutes. hours, ago as i was just discussing with molly hunter in ukraine, another temporary humanitarian cease-fire was announced for that besieged southern city of mariupol to allow citizens to evacuate. it was a second attempt at a cease-fire in many days. however, just like yesterday's cease-fire, ukraine tells us that the cease-fire has collapsed, accusing russia of continued shelling. as long as the shelling continues, people can't get in their cars and drive west. nearly half 1 million people, by the way, are believed to still be in mariupol, which has been without heat, electricity, water, and basic necessities and supplies for the past several days because of these russian attacks. it still remains on the ukrainian control. but, it is winter in this part of the world.

it's cold. it's part of a diplomatic effort to and the war. the israeli prime minister, naftali bennett, for yesterday to meet with volodymyr zelenskyy. no other details of that meeting have been released. israel is trying to position itself as a mediator, having maintained close ties with both russia and ukraine, along with the united states and the west. notably, prime minister of bennett and ukrainians volodymyr zelenskyy are the only jewish heads of national governments in the world. the meeting with putin occurred hours after zelenskyy participated in a virtual meeting with u.s. senators and mirror numbers of congress, where he reiterated his request for a no fly zone over ukraine, pushing hard for additional aircraft that his air force could fly, and an embargo on russian oil. later, president biden had a phone call with zelenskyy. the u.s. state department has

issued a do not travel notice for russia, adding that u.s. citizens residing in russia should depart immediately due to the potential for harassment, mistreatment, and extortion against u.s. citizens by russian government security officials. the united states embassies limited ability to assist citizens and arbitrary enforcement of local ours, including interrogation without cause. now, it just minutes before that warning was released, russia announced that it had detained an american basketball player, later identified as brittani reiner, claiming that vape cartridges were found in our luggage at the airport. russia says she has been taken into custody, in a criminal case for a large-scale transportation of drugs, large scale transportation of drugs, not vape cartridges has been open, which can carry a sentence of up to ten years in a russian prison. russia, like north korea, has a history of arresting and sentencing u.s. citizens on what u.s. officials and experts

say are bogus or inflated target, potentially to be used as leverage in negotiations with the broader world. this comes as more western companies are suspending businesses in russia. now, and another major move, visa and mastercard of sustaining operations in russia. the sanctions are affecting citizens. russia's trade minister as well as russian supermarket and have renowned -- announced a restriction of the amount of food staples that can be sold. it's an effort to style up hoarding and panic buying. in a little over a, week life for average russians has been turned upside down. they are bit by bit being removed from the global economy. they can't compete in international sports. there are plans cannot fly to major countries. they cannot use some credit cards. they cannot receive shipments internationally. they can't get it modern technology that made by apple, and samsung, and microsoft. their currency, the rubble has collapsed. interest rates are at 20% in russia. the harshest government level

sanctions haven't even been levied on the energy sector, or the swift banking system. day by day, the private sector around the world is making life for average russian citizens who have nothing to do with what their government tells them is a special military operation in ukraine, unlivable. soon, the games of the last 20 years of independence will have been erased. the deplorable standard of living that caused russians to overthrow the soviet union in 1991 will soon be visited upon russian citizens again, all in that pursuit of a dictator's dream of rebuilding an empire that most russians couldn't care less about. joining me now from kyiv is to that remain a star. he's the founder and hope of the black diplomatic's podcast. he has been on the ground in ukraine. you are now with people, terrell, who you are working with in terms of an evacuation. tell us what's your situation

is? >> yes, so we are -- this is the second family that we are helping to bring to western ukraine. and, this particular family right here, you have a reena here, who we are taking. she is undergoing cancer treatment. so, at the hospital where she was getting treatment asked her to leave because they needed to make room for people who had been wounded during the war. so, the next stage that we are in is making sure that we transporter to lviv, where there will be a boss that will go from that city through poland into lithuania where she can get the treatment that he needs, or at least have a base point for her to go, someplace else where is needed. point for her to go,but, this ws war has created a refugee crisis that has created situations for people to leave their country in the most difficult of circumstances.

we are on the road to lviv right now, a trip that would normally take six or seven hours. this is taking several days now. that is because of the multiple checkpoints that people have to go through in order to make it to the next destination. but also, being a refugee is expensive. refugees right now don't know where we are going to stay tonight. we have to look out for places as we travel along. we are looking for airbnb, maybe check out friends and family along the way he will be able to support. but, this situation has made a living in ukraine pretty unbearable, especially getting out. >> terrell, i don't know if irina can talk to us now. but if she can, i love to ask her -- law irina, the issue, as you said, it's expensive being a refugee. it's a mind-boggling to imagine the logistics in front of you,

where you will get food, and where you will stay. but, you are going through cancer treatment! how do you even think about what your future looks like in this situation? >> hi. struggling times are coming. i hope i will be able to get final treatment. because, that's the final, i hope it will be final stop in my fight with cancer. it is already one here. and, i hope that this transportation will help me to survive the. it increases chances at least twice, as doctors here say. so, i needed to try. i need it to drive with the help of my friends, my family. because in ukraine, it's impossible to do currently.

all hospitals are closed. they are -- they will be four wounded or whatever. so, only some forces can be there for people for example, who normally, if we need one week of chemo every day. so, you need to stay at hospital. so now, it could be only twice per week. in a certain hours, we needed to book a place for yourself. and, to stay in a queue, to wait for vital treatment. it's unbearable. >> but, this can't be easy -- yeah -- it can't be easy, if you live somewhere, if you live where i am right now, you know, in a hungarian town, to book that kind of treatment, to find the doctors, to get an appointment

at the hospitals. do you know where you are going to go, or is there somewhere you specifically want to go, where at least there is a very good chance that you can get this lifesaving treatment that you need? >> some countries help ukraine, help ukraine and cancer patients to get vital treatment. and with the help of my friends, with the help of terral, and andy, i hope to meat doctors and -- >> yeah. >> and, to discuss my future, so to discuss today offers. and, i hope they will be able to help me. because, there is a certain window where they need to do this transportation. and actually to be honest, this

window is nearly closed for me. so, we do not want to go in last. >> do you mind if i ask something briefly? what makes this very difficult is that i'm relying on people that i know it directly and indirectly. so, basically i sent in the documents, the proper medical documents that the lithuanian side needs. so, the issue is getting her there, and then we have to depend on these people who told us that they would give us support, that they would actually follow through. so, with the consequences of these wars is that the beauty of it is that everyone is coming together to help each other. but, so much of whether things work out or not is based on trust. everyone coming together. and, you are hoping that things will turn out right, and you

are hoping that the traffic is not too congested. so, it creates a whole bunch of unpredictable situations, and you just have to stay the course. that makes it incredibly difficult. well >> corral, when i can tell you from what i've seen on the side of the border is that the humans who live in these countries, on the other side of the bar board, or stand ready to help. and they want to help. it is remarkable to see what people are willing to do for their brothers and sisters in the world, even if they don't share a language. and if they don't share a culture. terrell, the remarkable work that you are doing is something else. thank you for doing that. you have blurred all lines, between diplomacy and analysis and journalism. i mean that in the best way. you are just doing what you believe to be right, and we are so grateful that you are doing what you are doing. arena, you will stay in our hearts, we will stereo and touch with terrell.

our audience can follow terrell to follow your progress and see that you get the help you need. you will get the treatment that you need, and this will work for us. terrain star is the host of -- he is a senior fellow with the senior councils eurasia center. i'm joined now, at the hungarian border, i'm joined now by, let me grab this mic. what is your name? >> zanzi. >> santa, where did you come from? >> from kyiv. >> how old are you? >> 15. >> did you know that you had to do this? >> maybe. maybe, yes. >> tell me what happened. how did you come, here wanted to make the decision to leave? >> the first day of the war, my mom woke up me and said that they started bombing. russia came to ukraine, we need to pack all our things to get into a safe place.

first day of the war, we left kyiv. the area. we were at the house of our friends, so, after we went to minutes key in ukraine. after that we want to book or a, in this mountain. now we are here. >> how did you decide to come here? >> it was, really, we decided to come here maybe two or three days ago. but we knew that we had to go out of ukraine. in wartime, we had to decide that we had to go. >> do you know people here? do you know with the plan, is now that you're in hungary? >> yes. we will get to the airport, and then we will come to spain. >> so, you're going to go to budapest and then fly to spain? do you have family there are

friends? >> yes. members of our family. my grandfather and grandma. >> how did you pack up? how did you choose what you wanted to take with you for this journey? because you didn't really know how long you are going to be gone. for >> yes. my mom told us very interesting things. but i understood that it might be a real long time. i took only useful things, and warm things. >> how are you feeling right now? >> not really good. i'm scared. my country, my town, all my friends are there. my friends are sleeping in parking, something like this. it's not really comfortable. >> what happens now? are you going to stay here tonight, and then you'll go to budapest? or you're going right there? >> we are going right now to budapest. then we will make our passport

and then we will get to the airport. maybe tomorrow or in two days, three days, i don't know. >> do you believe that you can go home? >> of course. i believe it. >> you see what's happening in your country. well how does it make you feel? >> i don't want to see this. it's really hard. >> i can imagine it is. i'm glad that you made the journey here, i'm glad that you are safe and headed to safety. thank you for talking to us. >> thank you. by. >> it's heartbreaking. that was dana safari, and this is the kind of story you hear from everybody. obviously, i don't speak ukrainian and i don't speak hungarian, so it's hard sometimes to have these conversations and find people who can tell me. earlier today, just moments before the show started, i spoke to somebody very

interesting. his name was gelber pro kai, a deputy mayor of a small town in hungary a few kilometers away from here. he came here, he's an i.t. professional, he came here to help. to drop off goods. and he ended up staying. he came here nine days ago. he's been doing a lot to help refugees, i talked him about the toll it's taken about taken on him. why did you come here? >> actually, i brought stuff, foods, drinks, last saturday. i wanted to help, building a tent or something like this, and i stayed here. >> what are your skills? >> that's a really good question. in that situation, you have to do everything ad hoc. after nine days, something is clear now, i have to prioritize so i can't do everything. >> you're an i.t. guy, but

you're here doing basic things to help people. why? >> because the situation is really bizarre. when i arrived, i was told that i would go home in the evening. i have a little that i support, the people who are supporting these refugees. it was saturday, and on sunday in the afternoon, at 5:00, i slept for the first time. the refugees are sitting on my private car, with the engine on just to be warm, with a baby. i transferred a lot of refugees to the culture house, with my private car. nobody knew nothing, we just wanted to have everybody, the others as well. >> you're talking to these people, what are they experiencing? >> it's a really hard

situation. it's a foreign country, maybe their houses already bombed. and it is a physical shock for them. it's really hard to speak a lot with them, we don't have time. you feel that you don't have time here to solve the whole situation, we just need to take care of them and send them to perhaps to budapest. organize accommodations for them. i had heard a lot of stories. >> you came, literally, to drop some things off, and then you are going to go back to their place. how long have you've been here now? >> this is the ninth day. >> you've been here nine days? >> yes. >> the ninth day. how do you feel? >> how do i feel? ten days before, i didn't believe that i would have a

meeting with the doctors and my home city to collect money and collect a special medical stuff, to send to ukraine to the hospitals into the frontline. because they don't have equipment available. two days before, i had to go home and i had to focus on priorities, because it is really nice here. a lot of food and a lot of stuff, we take care of the refugees. but, if we can't give it all to the refugees because they are bleeding out from the other side, in ukraine. it's -- >> it hurts you to see this. >> of course. you can't prepare yourself for this, you can't. but, after nine days now, i have experience and nobody has experience in this war

situation here. but we have to focus. you won't solve everything, every peoples life. you have to do, one day, it's my exact subjective experience. my suggestion, for five tasks done, and if it's okay then your soul may be we'll be okay. >> you're doing whatever you can, tell people. even if it small. >> i am a deputy mayor of a small village, 240 kilometers away. i sent home today a family, with two children. i sent home a family on thursday, a five member family.

father, mother and three children. you can imagine that here, mothers are coming with children, because the man has to fight and they are not allowed to escape or flee the country. they came on the green border. they showed me pictures about their city, about their streets, they don't have a house anymore. it has been bombed. i sent them to my village, and i received the photo in the evening that three year old children were laying on the bed. they are already sleeping with a toy. i started to cry. of course, people, i cry every day. but it was happy. my soul was okay, maybe, they

will have some hope there. >> because of people like, you they will have some hope. good boy approach i is the deputy mayor of a town in hungary, 140 kilometers away. i wish i had pictures of the socks he was way, one yellow one blue, bright yellow and blue. with yellow and blue sneakers. these are the colors of ukraine. he says he wears them so, when the kids see him, they will maybe be happy about that kind of thing. all have more from tiszabecs, hungry after this. after this. etting passengers wrap their arms around us, could we put little handles on our jackets? -denied. -can you imagine? i want a new nickname. can you guys start calling me snake? no, bryan. -denied. -how about we all get quotes to see if we can save with america's

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mystery inside an enigma, that's how winston churchill famously described russia in 1939. those words still ring true today, and maybe even louder.

russia's, and always has been a nation that place by its own rules. but you understand russia today, it helps to understand that russia of the past. and, it's a long and rather complex history. so, let's just go back to the 1920s. after the russian monarchy was abolished after the result of a revolution and a socialist government was formed. the various anti communist forces in neighboring countries were called the white guard. the bolsheviks revolutionary forces where the red army. the red army prevailed. and in 1922, the union of soviet socialist republics, the ussr was formed out of russia, ukraine, armenia, azerbaijan, and georgia. with vladimir lennon as its leader. it became one of the most powerful nations in the world, and the biggest in the literal sense, occupying nearly one sixth of the earth's land mass. over the years, and especially through and immediately after world war ii, the ussr grew. it added estonia, kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan, latvia, lithuania, moldova, could take a stand,

turkmenistan, and uzbekistan. joseph stalin took the helm in 1924. he would leave the ussr for three decades. he was a brutal leader who ruled with terror, but he transformed the ussr into an industrial, military, and economic superpower. world war ii began with an agreement between hitler and stalin to carve out much of eastern europe between german and soviet spheres of influence. but less than two years later, hitler broke that pack and invaded the soviet union. so, stolen worked with a west to liberate nazi held countries in eastern europe. but as the soviet neighbor liberated nation after nation, they began to install their own governments, claiming the land as their own, and settling ethnic russians in non-russian countries. at the worst and, the unique hay and the u.s. for the global spread of communism. so in 1949, the united states, canada, and they're ten european allies formed the north atlantic treaty organization, nato.

in response, the ussr consolidated the power of those eastern european countries it had amassed, and created the warsaw pact. nato on one side, the warsaw pact countries on the other. that was the chessboard for the cold war, a power struggle that continued until the collapse of the soviet union, in 1991. and with that collapse came a new world map, a shift in global power, and those 15 soviet republics, they became 15 independent nations. now, of those 15 former soviet republics, three are nato members. they are known as the baltic statesestoni latvia, and lithuania. these are the three nations with the strongest diplomatic and military ties to the united states in this western allies. belarus, the former by all russian and soviet republic's argument to flee -- the most close with russia in the post cold war. about 70% of its population is russian speaking. it is directly north of ukraine. moldova, another one of ukraine's neighbors has had an on and off relationship with russia since independence.

moscow currently approves of moldova's government because of its pro western leader. post soviet russia has also invaded and instigated conflict with armenia, azerbaijan, and georgia. and then, there are the five former soviet republics that we now call central asia, kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan, to get stan, turkmenistan, and uzbekistan. all of them maintained close ties to moscow. which leaves us with one more country, one more matter unresolved. that's the country 1000 feet to my left, ukraine. with a population of nearly 50 million people, it was the second most populous soviet republic, but disproportionately prosperous. it was called the bread basket of russia. it also had valuable ports, including on the black sea, which connects the mediterranean in the world. russia has always lamented the loss of ukraine. reuniting, or perhaps

dominating it would relive rushers glory, days and it would increase russia's sphere of influence considerably. it wouldn't be enough to counter in nato, which is by far the greatest military alliance in the history of the world, or the european union, which collectively, along with the united states and china competes to be the biggest economy in the world. but, it would be something. it would be bragging rights for russia, and a lifeline to russia's sagging economy and waning influence in the world. in a 1939, winston churchill said there was a key to russia, and that quote, a key is russian national interest. gm rewards card. -stahp. -i will not. food's here! this smells like a brand-new car! yup. best-in-class rewards, and a great way toward your next chevrolet, buick, gmc or cadillac. and with all those points on everything we buy... ...we're thinking suv. with leather! a new kind of appreciation with that new car smell.

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there is not much police presence here by the way. there's not much trouble. these people have got off the bus. you can see, it's overwhelmingly women and children, largely because man between the ages of 18 and 60 or not being allowed to leave ukraine. they are being asked to stay and fight. this is a church group that's receiving them. there is a presence here of the united nations high commission for refugees. these buses are coming in every half an hour or so. people are being met with food and medication, and then logistics to try to help them to get there where they need to go. joining me now is brian cloth. he has formally advised nato and the european union. good morning to you. thank you for being with us. brian, i just cannot stop thinking about the fact that we have, prior to world war ii, or seen the need for global bodies to maintain instability and the world order with a lead of nations, and it was the united nations. we had a nato and the european union, and the g things that

are now at 37. and yet, this happens. we are watching video that looks like world war ii. we are watching video that looks like vietnam, or afghanistan. we are in a 2022? i thought we built structures that were supposed to prevent sovereign countries from being invaded, and residents, and civilians remain hit. where have we failed, brian? >> well, every time you build an international rules based order, diplomat try to test it. they tested at a critical moment. so you know, after the cold war and, if you had saddam hussein invading kuwait in the test of the gulf or. now you have in the post trump era, the test of, will the united states, nato, and the european union stand strong against vladimir putin or not? there are a lot of countries that are watching this. china has watching to see how this plays out, in israel for potentially retaking taiwan at some point. so, what we are seeing is this test. and, i think what's happening right now, thankfully, is that there are serious consequences being a post on vladimir putin. and, that is important for we

establishing the dominance of this rules based order. this is why putin miscalculated. he thought that would be a cakewalk, a quick invasion of ukraine. and instead, it is ruining the russian economy. there is major black lash to the invasion, and it's not going as planned. >> and, the backlash, however, is being met by remarkable oppression inside russia, a ban on any kind, not only criticism of the government, but characterization of what's going on in ukraine, in any way that is different as and what the russian government says it is. the russians to call it -- the russian government calls it a special military operation in ukraine. you can't call it an invasion. you can't call it a war. you can't call it against the government. how does this balance out with russians that are being very frustrated by their standard of living dropping through no fault of their own with the totalitarian approach that the russian government is taking? >> yeah, we often referred to

putin as a strongman. i will say that a sign of weakness is forcing people not to be able to speak their mind, crushing dissent, like vladimir putin's regime constantly does. i would also say, strongman try to manufacture crises to give this sort of necessity of having a strong leader. it's one of the, sort of, aspect of the psychology of power from dictators. they don't only generate crises, but they also become victims of their own propaganda and worldview. they drink their own coolidge, so to speak. i think this is happening to vladimir putin. he has invented a fake worldview, forced his advisors to parrot it around him, and started to believe his own lies. that's why he miscalculated so badly. the ultimate consequence of that is that he's made a mistake. the russian people are going to suffer drastically for this. and, every time they speak out or protest, he is going to feel his grip on power loosening, and he is going to crack down even more. it's a vicious circle. and, this is something that is really worrying about the endgame here. he is getting increasingly cornered. for the first time in a long

time, people are openly wondering whether putin will survive in the short to medium term, which is not something that was talked about even a couple months ago in russian politics. >> well, that's what i wanted to ask you about. what's the undoing here? the idea that this starts to look like afghanistan, where ukrainian resistance fighters, with stinger missiles takedown enough helicopters that the russians get frustrated? is it the standard of living that is going to slip back 30 years in russia? is it the global unity against russia? wet, if putin doesn't make it through this, what's going to be the reason? >> well, i think there's a few things. one is sort of a prolonged stalemate with guerrilla warfare and ukraine. i think to occupy the entire country is going to be extremely damaging, and costly, and brought bloody for the russian military. it's also, frankly, not just the street protests of russians. it's making the life of oligarchs around putin more russian. in other words, they have exit options at the moment. they used to have exit options where they could sail around the mediterranean, stash their

cash offshore, travel around europe and glitzy hotels. the more you make those people's lives more russian, the more they have to care about what happens in st. petersburg and moscow. the more pressure will be put on vladimir putin to end this war, and to change his ways. or, to replace him. so i think ultimately, that's the endgame. a combination of a costly damaging battle to ukraine, plus the people that kind of greased the wheels of vladimir putin being in power, actually saying enough is enough, and trying to put pressure to remove him, or get him to withdraw. >> brian, thanks for joining us this morning. bryan is an associate professor at kings college london. he is a former adviser to nato and the european union. while this, morning another attempt at a cease-fire in southeastern ukraine has failed. it was the second effort in a 24 hours to allow civilians to escape the mariupol region that's in the southeast. you can see there, to evade the attacks on mariupol. unfortunately, an advisory by the ukrainian interior ministry

says their efforts to establish a so-called green corridor for safe passage have once again resulted in the shelling's by the russian side. you notice also, they warned civilians to stay indoors and seek shelter. i want to go to nbc news correspondent erin mclaughlin who's standing by in lviv, in western ukraine. she joins us with this story and the story of ukrainian resistance and defiance. aaron, it's something you've been covering from the beginning. it's bigger than the world expected to see. that's right, ali. yesterday, in the port city of kherson, something remarkable happened. thousands of people taking to the streets to rail against their russian occupiers. in a show, really, that while russian forces may be able to take some of these towns and cities, occupying that will be much more difficult. in kherson ukraine, defiance.

so the citizens woke up to russian occupation and took to the streets. go home, there is no vodka, here this man says. remember, kherson is ukraine. they first gathered by the hundreds and, as word spread, thousands. lashing out against the russian occupiers. then, gunshots. russian troops firing into the air, this woman draped in her countries color stands firm. we are not afraid, we are together, she says. similar scenes in the nearby town of multiple, also now occupied by russian forces. group of people bearing down on armed russian troops. earlier this, week in kherson, the russian military in faded here overwhelming the russian forces. people resisted, covertly filming from their windows, even going toe to toe with a russian soldier. you are occupiers, you are fascists, she says. the city's new rules, posted on

the mares facebook, including a strict curfew. and a maximum of two people allowed on the streets together at anytime. >> you are not following the russian instructions properly. we are free people, under an invasion. >> fearing russian reprisal, this citizen wants to be known as jimmy. >> protect the building. >> he says he's documented to documenting the invasion, covertly filming what's happening in the streets. you are the first city to fall to russian forces in ukraine, what example are you setting? >> we have no other way to escape the situation. we can't evacuate, we are fighting from within. with our very hands, with no weapon, with our phones and our hands and with our flags. >> in kherson and elsewhere, russian firepower being confronted by the ukrainian spirit. jimmy also told me something interesting, he said that up until yesterday he thought that kherson was a separatists city. he said that, for the last

eight years, though, he believes something fundamental has changed. following the maidan revolution, he believes that people have gotten a taste of what it means to be a part of a free ukraine, to be a part of europe. and they don't want to look back. he said that was, clear as they were essentially laying their lives on the line yesterday. it is an illustration, perhaps, of why a free ukraine is an existential threat to someone like russian president vladimir putin. ali? >> erin, thank you, my old friend. i know you've been doing this for a lifetime, but your ability to bear witness and show us what this looks like is invaluable. erin mclaughlin in lviv, ukraine. a little while ago i brought you an interview with governor gab or pro kai, deputy mayor of this village, 240 kilometers from here. as my director to cut the music out for a second. he came here nine days ago, and

has been doing everything he could do to help refugees. i was telling you about his socks, he is wearing yellow and blue socks and sneakers. finally got a photo of them. take a look at those, he says he does those for the kids. so, when the kids get off the bus after the long journey from ukraine, they see their national colors. which are yellow and blue. sneakers are yellow and blue, and his socks are yellow and blue. this is a man who has been here for nine days, he says he's cried a lot but decided to come here and make a difference. i asked him about whether he took a leave from his job, he said he didn't care about his job. this is for his soul. we'll be right back. is for his soul we'll be right back. we'll be right back. meet apartment 2a, 2b and 2c. we'll be right back. 2a's monitoring his money with a simple text. like what you see abe?

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fleeing war torn country of ukraine, which is 1000 feet over there, represents the largest forced movement of people on the european continent since world war ii. more than one and a half

million refugees, according to un statistics, the majority of them moving by car, rail, foot to neighboring european countries. since the russian invasion began more than a week and a half ago. most of those making the track our women and children, because men of fighting age, from 18 to, 60 are expected to stay and fight the home fight for the homeland. this data, map shows the breakdown of which countries are taking in refugees from ukraine. more than 885, 000, nearly 58%, have escaped over the border to poland. the second highest number, 169, 000, have come to hungry, where i am right now. followed by slovakia, moldova and romania. surprisingly, a small number have gone to russia. 10% have exited for other european destinations. but not everyone in europe is accepting these refugees with open arms. david miliband, head of one of the world's largest humanitarian aid groups, it's

calling on governments to meet their moral responsibilities amid the mass exodus of refugees from ukraine. the guardian reports that the uk, for instance, has a restrictive visa policy in place which restricts 1000 refugees to enter as long as they have direct ties to businesses or families in the uk. according to miliband, who is a foreign secretary, we are putting up walls against ukrainians at a time when there was a -- and that is quite wrong. david miliband joins us right now. he is the ceo of the rescue committee, he is a former foreign secretary of the united kingdom. david, thank you for being with us again. wow, we talked a week ago and the week has changed so much in just that one week. we've got official numbers that are somewhere above one and a half million refugees, but you told me last week that you think this number could get to four or 5 million. the un high commission for refugees are saying that that

number right now might be two times the one and a half million estimate, or even higher than that. because you can't keep track of everybody who's a refugee. this is the biggest refugee movements since world war ii. >> yes, you're right, ali. i'm so sorry to say that my predictions of a week ago are looking correct. the reason is very simple, there is a merciless campaign being waged by the russians inside ukraine. and no one is safe. that is why you've got these millions of people on the move. just by way of comparison, the syria refugee crisis, which produced about 6 million refugees, it took three months for the first million of those refugees to leave syria. as you know, it has taken for five days to reach the million figure in the ukraine case. now we are at one and a half million. there are two sides to this equation. one, the merciless campaign inside ukraine. all of the efforts to stymie

that campaign, to hold accountable those who are committing alleged war crimes here. also, on the european side of the border, there needs to be unified, efficient, generous support for people who are traumatized by what they've left behind. >> david, tell me what has gone right and what has gone wrong so fire. there have been moves, including one by the european union to offer what americans would know as a temporary protected status. where people can get residents a work status for a certain time with some conditions. that sounds right, what is not working as well as you would like? >> yes, you are absolutely right to highlight the unity of the 27 members of the european union. the equivalent of the u.s. temporary protected status, with three years guaranteed safe passage, safe entry into the european union. the right to work, the right access services. i also want to call out, remarkably moving scenes from

railway stations across the european union. citizens coming to the railway station saying, i've got a room. there's a lot going right. also, the, the plan for the long term. if this is just left to poland, hungary, slovakia, i worry about all the people going to a relatively small country. this needs to be a whole year of effort, uk, switzerland, countries who are not in the european union who are not yet meeting the mark that has been set by the union authorities themselves. more to the point, money needs the flow to these countries. that needs to be support for hungary, poland, moldova etc. this is going to cost money, this isn't going to be quick. getting these people into new societies is going to take some time. >> david, countries like ukraine are not homogenous.

lots of people have not been born in ukraine, they come here to study, come here to live. you and i talked about this last week. and on thursday, night i was on one of those train stations in budapest. i met a young african man named clinton, who was in kharkiv in eastern europe. he talked about something that felt like discrimination, because he wasn't light. let's listen together. >> hungry tried to close. he said, you cannot cross there. >> they tell you that? because your black? >> no, they didn't tell me that. >> you got that information, that black people, non-ukrainian people couldn't get it. >> -- [inaudible] 175 of us. then we got ourselves to

hungry. >> david, i talked enough people to understand this is actually a thing. how do we deal with it? >> well, we crack down on it. that's the simple answer. there are remarkably 80,000 africans, south asians working in ukraine. they need proper help. in the last two days, there is been much better treatment, much more equal treatment on the european side of the border. that needs to be the case on the ukrainian side of the border as well. it's obviously -- we have to fight for the values being defended in this conflict. that's why we are so strong on this issue. thank you for highlighting. >> david, thanks for joining us. we appreciate the work that you do, and the work of the international rescue committee. i should tell my viewers that these are places. when they say what can we, do? well, of the ioc is something yo