safe or they were in trouble and that just left a lot of their relatives worried. you saw as they came out, many reunions of families here. >> just stunning images. please stay safe and thank you for all your incredible reporting on this. that does it for me this hour. "andrea mitchell reports" starts right now. ♪ ♪ good day, everyone. this is "and rea areports" in washington as resilient ukrainian forces continue to mount a strong defense on the out skrtds of kyiv. they're running into intense opposition trying with prevent vlad peer putin's forces from taking their capitol. the president is rallying the international community and his country behind his cause. for the first time defiantly

appearing in his own office, as if to defiantly tell putin catch me if you can and pleading for more american help. >> american people they speak about freedom and they know what it is. and now, when you're looking at ukrainians, i thinkia feel what it means for us. we fight against all the enemies for our freedom. support us. support us and not only with words, with direct steps. >> under pressure from congress, president biden today splitting with european allies by announcing the u.s. will ban russian oil, even as gas prices sky rocket to numbers we've never seen before. >> we remain united. remain united in our purpose to keep pressure mounting on putin and his war machine. i said i would level with the american people from the beginning. i said defending freedom's going

to cost, going to cost us as well in the united states. >> today director of national intelligence delivering the annual global threat assessment to congress, flanked by director william burns, directing vladimir putin has been surprise bide ukraine's resistance and may double down by escalating, causing more civilian casualties. >> we assess putin feels agreevled the west doesn't give him proper deference and this is a war he cannot lose. >> he has no sustainable political end game in what is going to be fiers resistance from ukrainians. >> and right now, as the refugee crisis crosses another grim threshold, zelenskyy is addressing virtually the house of commons. let's listen. >> about 13 days of war. the war that we didn't start and we didn't want it.

however, we'll have to conduct this war. we do not want to lose what we have, what is ours. our country, ukraine. just the same way as you once didn't want to lose your country when nazis started to fight your country. and you have to fight for britain. on day one, at 4:00 in the morning, we were attacked by cruise missiles. everybody woke up. people, children. the entire ukraine and since that, we have not been sleeping. are we have all been fighting. for our country with our army. on day two, we have been

fighting air strikes and our heroic military servicemen on the islands have been trying to fight when russian forces demanded that we lay down arms, however we did continue fighting and we dids feel our force. the force of our people that opposed their ocue.suntil the end. the next day they started fighting us. our army showed us who we are and we have been able to say who are people and our base.

on day four, we started getting people captive. we have not been torturing them. we remained humane even on day four of this terrible war. on day five, the terror against us was going on against children, against cities, and constant shelling have been taking place. around the country, including hospitals. and that didn't break us. and that gave us feeling. of big truth on day six. the russian rock raets fell on the place where the nazis killed thousands of people during the

second world war. and 80 years after the russian hit at them for are the second time and churches are getting destroyed by shelling. on day eight, we have seen the russian tanks hurting the atomic power station and everybody got to understand that this is the terror against everyone. on day nine, there was a meeting of nato countries. without the result that we're looking for. yes with, we did feel that. we did feel that -- we did feel that unfortunately that the alliances don't work properly always. and the no e-fly zone cannot be

enforced. and on day ten, ukraine started protesting. and stopping the armored with our own hands. and on day 11, the children and cities were being hit and hospitals as well with their rockets and constant shelling. and on that day, we realized ukraine has become heroes. the entire city's children, adults, and on day 12, the losses of russian army exceeded 10,000 people killed. and also including the general. and that gave us hope that there will be some kind of responsibility frathose people.

in front of the court. on day 13, in the city of maur opal that was attacked by the russian force, a child was killed. they do not allow any food, any water and people started panicking. ai think everybody can hear that people do not have water over there. over 13 days of this situation. over 50 children have been killed. these are the children that could have lived. but these people have taken them away from us. ukraine were not looking to have

this war. the ukraine have not been looking to become big but they have over the days. of this war. we are the country that are saving people, despite -- despite having to fight one of the biggest armies in the world. we have to fight the helicopters, rockets, the question for us now is to be or not to be? this is a question -- these question could have been asked but now i can give you a definitive answer. it's definitely yes to be. and i would like to remind you, the world, that the united kingdom have already heard, which are important again.

we will not give up and we will not lose. we will fight till the end at sea, in the air. we will continue fighting for our land, whatever the cost. we will fight in the forests, in the fields, on the shores, in the streets. i would like to add that we will fight on the banks of different rivers and we will -- we are looking for your help for the help of the civilized countries. we're thankful for this help. and i'm very grateful to you, boris. please increase the pressure of

sanctions against this country and please recognize this country as a terrorist state and please make sure that our ukrainian skies are safe. please make sure that you do what needs to be done and what is stipulated by the greatness of your country. best of all to ukraine and to the united kingdom. [ applause ] >> quoting and paraphrasing winston churchill in a speech delivered virtually to westminster. an incredible moment of history as vladimir zelenskyy addresses the house of commons. joining us now, nbc chief

foreign correspondent richard engel and kristen welker. the res innocence of that and after we saw him defiantly appearing in his own office, as though he was telling the russians which get me. here i am. and now appearing virtually at westminster and with all the echoes of churchill and speaking of world war ii and we will fight, we will not give up and reminding great britain and the world that this is the same kind of blitz that they experienced against the nazis in world war ii. richard. >> reporter: the hist o residence here is very profound. you have president zelenskyy, who, himself, is a target, whose country is under attack, who has been moving between his office and bunkers. who then yesterday and you're showing some of the video now,

defiantly posted a video of himself in the presidential office in which he said i am not afraid. i am here. and then today speaking to british lawmakers, paraphrasing winston churchill's famous fight on the beaches speech. said we will fight on our shores and in the forest. we will not surrender and made a direct parallel to the allied fight against the nazis in world war ii to what are the ukrainian people are now facing with a war by one of the biggest armies in the world. trrls and just earlier today we heard the intelligence estimates from u.s. officials. they predicted and we spoke to intelligence officials, that zelenskyy's government would collapse in the matter of days. that it would have to go underground, the ukrainian military would put up a valiant resistance but by this stage,

and we're on day 13. you heard him give a thumbnail description of each day of the battle so far. we're on day 13 and u.s. intelligence estimates initially were that there would be no day 13. it would be a bloody and quick russian assault and then potentially long underground resistance movement. there is no resistance movement yet. we stilt have zelenskyy addressing world leaders in his office and we are hearing now from u.s. intelligence officials that it is vladimir putin who is frustrated and dangerously so frustrated that he may lash out and cause many more civilian casualties. >> and thanks so much as we hear the church bells ringing there around you, kristen welker. i want to play what president biden had to say about vladimir putin at the end of the russian oil ban announcement you first reported exclusively, you and

peter alexander. >> putin's war, putin's war has caused enormous suffering and needless loss of life. putin seems determined to continue on his murderous path no matter the cost. he's already turned 2 million ukrainians into refugees. ukraine will never be a victory for putin. putin may be able to take a city but he'll never be able to hold the country. >> so, talk to us about the oil ban that he is announcing. almost unilaterally because the brits are doing it but in a delayed phase and the rest of europe not complying. doing this under considerable pressure because there's a bipartisan agreement in congress and they're about to pass legislation. >> reporter: you're absolutely right. the bipartisan agreement turned up the heat on president biden to make this announcement, even though the president will act unilaterally without congress. i think the language you played

is significant. president biden really trying to make vladimir putin own the price hikes we're seeing in the u.s. today the president announced a ban on russian oil. that is significant because it's really the most punitive measure we've seen to date from the u.s. the u.s. and its european partners and allies have announced a number of rounds of sanctions. but this goes further. as you importantly point out, the u.s. has gone further than the u.k. the u.k. announced a phase out. president biden announced an all-out ban. the u.s.'s dependence is much more limited than its european partners and allies. for example, the u.s. imports about 700,000 barrels of russian oil a day. compare that to european countries, which import about 4.5 million barrels a day. you're seeing -- 2.5 million i should say -- a huge disparity

there. reliant on about a third of its imports and that's why you're not seeing europe go as far. what will the impact be on american consumers? you heard president biden to lay out the case and to brace americans there will be pain in the u.s. gas is already above $4 a gallon. democrats really concerned that republicans who have called for this ban on russian oil will use the increase in gas prices to lash out at the president on the campaign trail in these midterm elections. this is a sniff sknt announce -- significant announcement by the white house. what other steps can be taken to help mitigate the impact on consumers. said the administration would watch for price gouging and vigilant against that. but a lot remains unknown. >> thank you so much and richard

engel on the frontlines. and former nato supreme ally commander. author of "2034 a novel of the next world war." retired general, mccaffrey. i want to start with what we've heard from president zelenskyy. how long do you think the president and his military civilian as well as armed forces can defend kyiv, first of all and the rest of the country? >> first, i want to say i want to be on president zelenskyy's team. i want him as a my captain of a war ship. he stands and delivers in front of the world and he does it again and again and again. i have come to admire him deeply. i also worry about him. i'm not sure continuing to sit in a known location like his office is a good idea.

it certainly has symbolic value but he has become what we call in the military trade a center of gravity. that is something around which all else revolves in combat. so, to lose him would be a blow eto the heart of the ukrainians. .2, very quickly, i'll give you a comparison when we talk about how long this could go on. so, pin fallujah, in iraq, a place general mccaffrey knows quite well, the first marine division was ordered to take the city of fallujah, a low-built city of about 400,000. the first machine division. one of the most elite combat shock troop thins united states. it took months. the idea this increasingly incompetent russian military is going to go waltzing into a city

10 times the size of fallujah and take it, i think is pretty unlikely. so, buckle up. this is going to go on for a while. >> as someone who worked so closely with president zelenskyy in the past. even when i was there in june, come of his former advisors thinking he's not been tough enough on the oligarchs. did you see this inner strengths in him, even as he resisted president trump back in the day? >> well, thank you for this question. actually the president zelenskyy, of course, was full of very unexpected and unbelievable challenges and he hay be accused in many things. and part of this is opposition criticism. in fact, he did a lot of measures to fight oligarchs inside the country and did a lot of steps to align the legislation.

but i know, as the person who's been working with president zelenskyy over two years, he's the kind of person that never gives up and this is what he shows in this type of challenge as military invasion, brutal senegal invasion from russia to ukraine now days. but i wanted to add a very important point right now. this oil ban from western countries, including the u.s. oil ban is like a big present for international women day, which is very popular. however, looking at the dynamics of the war in ukraine and american military has a tendency, we can say there can be global confidence in american super powers these days. because it does not matter if and when ukraine defends ourself. we see hesitancy in american leadership, global leadership. because what we see right now is

all the sanctions are having quite long term or midterm affect while ukrainians are being killed every moment. >> i understandably there's been a lot of anger, resistance? in ukraine and ukraine supporters and congress to the american reluctance, for instance, on the no-fly zone. i'd like you both to weigh in. because we're told by the administration, general mccaffrey to you first, we're told it not only doesn't work but some poland have can't be operated. it's a different type of mig they were used to and we keep resupplying them with drones to take down, as they have effectively been doing the other air assets russia has.

give us your view of how correct or incorrect u.s. is in resisting the no-fly zone. >> first of all, to support the admiral's viewpoint, the heroic leadership of president zelenskyy, the coming to the colors of the entire ukrainian population is magnificent and there's a good parallel to the great britain in 1940 fighting alone. but pushing on closed doors is not a good thing for ukraine to do now. nato is not going to intervene in the ground or air war in ukraine, period. this would open world war iii potentially and directly involve us in combat operations against

the russians. u.s. air force can clear the skies of ukraine in a week or so but it would involve going after russian air defense missile units inside russia. of striking ground units who engage u.s. aircraft, trying to stop low-flying helicopters. it's not going to happen without what, in essence, is us becoming belligerent in the war. i think the other thing we need to focus on is we can't create a ukrainian battle force with mobile armor and patriot air defense systems and supplying them with high performance fighters. that's the work of a year or so. so, i think in a very important way, u.s. european command had organized individual european countries to supply smart

munitions, rations, armor plating, helmets and to support the gigantic refugee problem. but i'm a little bit concerned. we're simply not going to fight on the ground or in the air inside ukraine, nor should we. >> let me ask you also. there seems to be american reluctance to speak for war crimes. we're investigating, they say. it's very obvious the nuclear attack, the attack on hospitals. we're discussing all these things in that context but they're not talking about labelling the war crimes yet. is that to preserve the possibility of diplomacy so we can negotiate something if he's willing to concede? >> i think that is the tactical consideration. and the administration is pursuing that.

that's a decision they've made. to my eye, these are war crimes. it's quite simple and i know general mccaffrey would agree with me. i simply want to also add to his excellent summary of why it is so risky to do the no-fly zone. i have implemented a no-fly zone. i put one up over libya. they're hard. and news flash. the people in the aircraft on both sides are very young. the potential for miscalculation and combat to ensue is high. final point to general mccaffrey's thought. what kind of force are we going to build here? we need to be the minute men from the american revolution. that's what ukraine could be. the russians are the british in this analogy.

they're the red coats. we need to give the ment men what they need. we need a ukrainian force that can take them apart and they've got to do it smart and on the ground. >> thank you all for a very vigorous discussion. we really appreciate it. and meanwhile, the humanitarian crisis is intensifying. the statistics are staggering. one in every 20 ukrainians is a refugee. more than 2 million have fled for safety. 100 refugees crossing into poland every minute. in kyiv, the largest children's hospital evacuated reluctantly. nbc's chief correspondent richard engel. >> reporter: how are you

feeling? bad she says. we have to be patient for our children. i hope this will not last long and we'll be back soon. >> nbc's just west of ukraine and poland -- polish border. kelly, these stories are all heartbreaking. what are you seeing today on the border? >> reporter: they are heartbreaking and they're just so many of them. you mentioned the staggering statistics. 100 ukrainians leaving every minute and we're seeing that play out at small train stations and border crossings in poland. we've been to the busiest train station in the small town today. and yet again another train full of predominantly women and children arriving this morning. the ticketing hall was packed with refugees sitting round, waiting for trains to other parts of poland. we spoke to one woman, a young mother of a five-year-old girl

and she said she left ukraine, not because there was fighting bearing down on her town but because she and her daughter didn't have a bomb shelter to go to. they didn't have a basement to escape to. they had been hearing air raid sirens and worried when the fighting does get close that they wouldn't have a safe place. so, they left her husband, little sophia's father, and she took her favorite toy with her and they took a big black suitcase, mostly filled with food so sophia would have something to eat in what turned out to be a day-long journey. a 24-hour journey to get to poland. they're stories we're hearing over and over again. 10s of thousands of people who need a tremendous amount of support. >> and the struggles they're going to do even get there. thank you. and joining us a former cia

analyst, senior pentagon official as well. so, the administration has been reluctant to sanction russian oil because of gas prices already high. acting almost alone on this ban. we don't import that much from russia but how large of an impact will this have on russia if the world keeps buying? >> i mean, listen, the united states imports russian oil. not much gas, i don't think any coal. but europeans are much more dependentant. e when i saw announcements that they were going to phase down russian oil, it made more sense to understand that from a european perspective because there's so much more dependent on the resources. it's going to have an impact on the markets. we've seen the price go up. and if you drive 40 miles one way to work, it's deeplyfecting

us already. >> we just had a debate between former spokeswoman for zelenskyy about the american refusal to do more, clearly get engaged more than nato has and will get engaged. we're not going to get into war with russia. where do you come down as a former pentagon and cia official? >> i think we have the decision to do the no-fly zone is the decision to open ourselves up to war with russia. pows get etaken. you're in for a penny and a pound with the no-fly zone. there are more tools in the tool kit we can be throwing at this problem. and if we're not going to come in militarily, we could do

everything, particularly on the economic front. there's more banks to be sanctioned and more moves going after oligarchs and there's seizure of property, which is something we don't do in the united states very often. physically seize someone's yacht, plane. the point is if we're not going to get in militarily, let's do more on the economic side. >> do you also think we should do the fighter jets to poland and pressuring poland to release esome migs? i mean, one of the reasons they're reluctant is they're buying vladimir putin's escalated threat that this would be an act of war. >> i understand this has to be much more sensitive in a place like poland right there close to the front. but president zelenskyy said give me a no-fly zone or the type of russian-made equipment

that i know how to use so i can have some air parody or dominance in the skies. and i think while i understand poland's concerns, the time for trying to calm putin down is past. the man has made this decision occupy the entire country, which is crazy. i don't think there's much appeasing him and providing that equipment, i think is part of our responsibility. i hope that there's a team right now that's been set up at the pentagon, just like when isis took over in places like iraq and syria. we put together a team that scoured the world for this russian-made equipment because people on the ground know how to use it already. there should be a team doing that and getting everything we e can into the hands of the ukrainians.

>> as well as [ inaudible ] sanctions and others a well. that has not been done by the president. >> i think right now you see deep bipartisan support and frankly, in a bipartisan way, pressuring, yes, the administration. i've never seen more agreement between democrats and republicans than we have in the past couple weeks and we see it as our job to push the president as much as we can. that's something i stand up and support. >> thank you so very much. great to have your expertise. and elizabeth warren's plan to prevent the kremlin from funding the invasion with cryptocurrency to get around the sanctions. and while millions fled, many remain trying to recover what's left of their lives.

we went to one such village south of the capitol in kyiv. >> we can't sleep at night, she says. whenever they hear sounds, they think it's another bombing and they run out of the house. her husband says the war has completely upended their lives and left them terrified. we've no idea what's going to happen, when it's going to happen or where. making friends again, billy? i like to keep my enemies close. guys, excuse me. i didn't quite get that. i'm hard of hearing. ♪♪ oh hey, don't forget about the tense music too. would you say tense? i'd say suspenseful. aren't they the same thing? can we move on guys, please? alexa, turn on the subtitles. and dim the lights. ok, dimming the lights. this is the planning effect. if shannon's thinking, "where do i want to retire?",

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gallon. senator, your reaction to the president's ban, u.s. and a partial ban by the u.k. >> i think the president is exactly making the right move. and here's why. think about it this way. we eare using economic pressure as our big counter to putin right now. and we've got two ways we want to do that. one is for the country itself, for russia and the second is for his oligarchs. we're looking for every way to tighten the vice as hard as we can, make this painful. and one way to do that is when he's built an economy based on oil is to say we're not going to buy your oil and hope europe's going to come along with us and that's one more way to tighten down on the russian economy. >> to try to soften the blow and at the pump, the president also

made an appeal directly and implied threat to u.s. oil companies to prodpus more. >> we understand putin's war against the people of ukraine is causing prices to rise. that's self evident. but, but, but it's no excuse to exercise excessive price increases or any effort to exploit this situation. >> should congress be mon, monitoring profit earring? >> yes and we are. bill on win field tax. profit margins should not go up. that's just oil companies gouging when they do that. so, we're going to be on them on this. >> let's talk also about the appeal from zelenskyy and what we had on this program by one of

his former spokes people that we're resisting, clearly the no-fly zone. the military says it would not work and bring us into a direct confrontation with russia. do you think that's something -- even resupplying with migs, putin says that's a declaration of war. >> putin's going to say a lot. he said it's a declaration of war to put economics and sanctions in place, which it clearly is not. when president zelenskyy spoke with members of congress saturday, said he would like to have the polish planes and then he could be able to fight back over his airspace and give his people some relief. we're in the middle of trying negotiate with poland. he needs the planes that his

ukrainian military are trained on. and that means he needs russian-produced planes. but that's what the poles and a few other baltic nations have them. i think our back stopping so wecan insure they get replacement planes is a good place to be. we want to help president zelenskyy. our principal tools are economic but we want to make sure he has the defensive tools he needs. >> you have your own legislation. you've been the strongest person speaking out on this in the senate and the house. your legislation would try to stop putin from getting around the sanctions by using crypto. >> as i mentioned earlier we're going after two things. trying to squeeze the russian economy and oligarchs. the problem is we're doing that only through the formal banking system. and we're doing a good job on that. i'm 100% behind it.

there's a hole in the dike and the hole is crypto. those oligarchs can move a lot of money or store a lot of money or hide it through crypto. so, in effect. what i'm proposing and other senators are working on is to authorize the president to say any of these exchanges that are not following through on economic sanctions against the oligarchs, against russia can't do business in the united states. you have to pickt crypto. if you want to continue to trade and provide the trading platforms and so on and the wallets, you can do business in russia or the united states but not both. >> how do you track down who they're really dealing with? because so much of it is park aed outside of russia. >> that's part of the trick is the crypto advocates like to point out you can track transactions.

the problem is you can't track the identity of who put it in and who's taking it out and who wr it goes from there. part of this is to focus on the exchanges themselves. on the wallets themselves. and there are are already rules in place about knowing your customer, at the same time there are rules in place for banks around the world. know your customer. the problem is we have a lot of evidence that not all the crypto platforms are ad hering to those rules. and collecting the information and reporting it and shutting down. i'll say this is not some hypothetical problem. there are reports out of treasury for years now that say north korea has been evading sanctions by using crypto. iran has been evading sanctions by using crypto. the difference now is we've got

russia, who's an expert in crypto and particularly in the illegal uses of crypto. so, we know about ransom wear, for example. about three quarters of that activity goes through moscow right now. so, this becomes a real opportunity for the oligarchs to get some relief, which means they don't put as much pressure on putin. it's also an opportunity for putin himself to finance some of this war effort through the illegal activities of the russian crypto world and it's time for us, not just to push back against formal banking but crypto on this issue. >> i know you've got to run but is treasury doing enough to help you on this? >> we're meeting with treasury, talking with them to make sure they have the tools we need and that they see the urgency of the

moment. the reports are out there. we know there's a hole in the bottom of the boat here. the question is how big is it? and right now we want to make sure that our president and our european and asian allies are observing this, they're trying to figure out how big it is and close it up as fast as we can. >> thank you so much. this is just fascinating to all of us. by the way, the associated press is reporting that mcdonald's is closing down their retail operations. >> good. >> no more big macs. see if that has any impact. >> i will say on this. this is good. because this is part of america coming together and europeans coming together. this is part of democracies coming together and say no. we are not going to put up with an autocrat, who's invaded a peaceful nation, killing

civilians, committing war crimes in plain view and we're going to do it at every level we can. we're going to support getting airplanes so they can defend themselves, do it through the financial systems and even the big macs. i'm all for it. >> see you soon i hope. and taking a stand as sanctions tighten on putin's russia, what will become of the few saying no? and yesterday afternoon when ryan was riding his bike by the russian embassy and world famous musician playing his cello, standing and playing his yellow, just as yaoyao said we do -- and he was performing the ukrainian national anthem at the kennedy

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to see if we can save with america's number one motorcycle insurer? approved. cool! hey, if bryan's not gonna be snake, can i be snake? -all: no. russia's president vladimir putin show nothing signs of backing down on day 13 of his assault on ukraine. the head of national intelligence testified he's not likely to back down. his defiance is crippling russia's economy, and he's cracking down on any dissent inside russia. that 40-mile military convoy sits north of kyiv still stalled, lacking in fuel. joining me former russian foreign minister who served under boris yeltsin. it's very good to see you again, mr. minister. what is your assessment of vladimir putin's next move? has he been pushed into a corner? is he going to escalate as u.s. intelligence fears? what could he do next?

>> i think he's pushing himself in a corner but he keeps going because that's his character and russian tradition. so, yes, we can expect worse, but that means ukrainian people, a leader who understands that and he stands strong, president zelenskyy, and i admire him. but in russian areas a growing discontent and there will be growing discontent. >> what do you make of the stalled convoy and the way he's

clearly misunderstood or the russian military misunderstood how to handle this? they thought this was going to be a quick two-day event towards kyiv. they thought they would take out the air defenses and thought the march would be much faster. >> that is strange that the russian military had not learned lessons from afghanistan. they went there. they had kind of initial success on thought they could prevail, but then they learned you cannot actually occupy the country when the people there are resisting. when the west gave, america especially, gave stingers, you remember, to those afghans, the

situation changed and the soviet s suffered considerable losses, casualties, and the russian people, the soviet people, at the time were getting more and more concerned and discontinue tent, and then it led very much, major reasons why the soviet union collapsed. they took those lessons and are learning those lessons unfortunately in ukraine, and i think there is a very good chance to be spared a situation of course that russia would end up like the soviet union if they continue to insist on this bloody war. >> thank you very much.

thanks for your great knowledge of all of this. former foreign minister. that does it for this edition of "andrea mitchell reports." a very busy day. remember follow the show online, on facebook and on twitter @mitchellreports. chuck todd is next but on this international women's day, firefighters handing out flowers to women and girls who are largely among the refugees as a symbol of peace and solidarity. one young woman from kyiv had this message for the ukrainian women staying behind to fight russia's invasion. >> i want to say, hmm, girls, yeah, you are awesome, you are powerful, and you're empowering us to do our best.

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if it's tuesday, president biden announces a ban on russian oil imports as the administration tells how far it will go to punish putin and how far putin might go in its response with russian forces still stalled outside kyiv.