tv Andrea Mitchell Reports MSNBC May 30, 2022 9:00am-10:00am PDT
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thank you for joining us on this memorial day holiday. i'm chris jansing. we are moments away from an annual ceremony of remembrance. president biden will lay a wreath at arlington national cemetery's tomb of the unknown soldier. after new comments this morning on the fight for gun safety legislation in washington -- >> i have not been negotiating with any of the republicans yet. i deliberately did not engage in a debate about that with any
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republican. i know that it makes no sense to be able to purchase something that can fire up to 300 rounds. i can do the things i've done and any action i can take, i'll take, but i can't outlaw a weapon. i can't change the background checks. i can't do that . >> those comments follow the president's trip sunday to uvalde, meeting with first responders, faith leaders, local officials and grieving families. as mr. biden and the first lady paid tribute to the victims of the mass shooting last week, the president at one point wiping away a tear after a day filled with emotion and making this promise to the community.
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>> in moments i'll speak with senator roland gutierrez. but we begin this hour with nbc's morgan chesky in texas and the incident review of the law enforcement response to the shooting. and jim cavanaugh, former atf special agent in charge. morgan, there were a lot of moments between the president and members of the uvalde community yesterday. i wonder what residents are saying about that visit today and what more you can tell us about the victims still being treated at local hospitals. >> reporter: it certainly was a moment of catharsis over the weekend with the president's visit here, the community welcoming him and the first lady. he spent hours consoling the families of those victims here.
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i do know over the weekend what we saw was nothing short of an incredible show of support. 21 crosses now line the sidewalk outside robb elementary. in 90-plus degree heat yesterday, people waited for hours carrying flowers, stuffed animals to place them in front of those crosses for those 19 students and two teachers killed. we do know right now there is two things happening simultaneously. the mourning process beginning with those 21 funerals set to start this week. and we're learning more think about potential investigation and that highly criticized response, those 47 minutes that officers waited inside before moving in. we are also learning more about the incident commander of this shooting that was the police chief of the local district police force who's been identified as pete arredondo. he is a uvalde native. he was elected to city council
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just a few weeks ago and is expected to be sworn in tomorrow. whether or not that will happen remains to be seen. we have reached out to him. we have not heard back. we have a community here that is doing its best to move forward and try to figure out the future of what will take place with robb elementary school. we have heard from several people in this community who are in favor of razing it entirely and building a new school. whether that happens remains to be seen, but right now you have a community very much grief stricken. with the changing facts that came out last week about what exactly happened and when, there are a lot of people here that don't exactly know who to believe or what to believe when it comes to what happened inside, only adding to the angst and loss in this community.
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>> this justice department review, what kind of resources do they put into it? >> this is a critical incident review. it will be conducted by doj's ops component. it's important for people to understand what we expect from this. this is the type of interview or review that's undertaken at the request of the locals. this isn't doj coming in to conduct a criminal investigation. the purpose of this review will be lessoned learned to establish a definitive timeline to understand what took place, whether people followed their training, whether they failed to follow their training, what can we learn and carry forward into other incidents. this is a forward looking view
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involving best practices, not so much a way of creating accountability for failures that may have occurred. >> it certainly appears that best practices were not followed. so what kinds of questions do you have beyond the obvious that you would like to see answered by this doj review? >> i think the critical thing is what the incident commander knew at the breach point once he reached that locked door. what's come out is it was quiescent inside, that he was not actively killing at the moment while the police were right outside the door. he was only shooting at the officers. that allowed them just a few minutes to set up an emergency assault to breach that with the key and the rifleman from the back window. that will be the move, if as they testified or put out that there was no active shooting inside. now, if we change that dynamic,
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if you're outside the breach point, you have no breaching equipment. and inside the killer is executing people, gunshots. then you have to make a different move. like, you take two officers with shotguns and try to shoot a half moon around the lock, try to hit the hinges. if it's a metal door, a wood reenforced door, this is going to be a much slower enentry. you've got to start shooting if active killing is happening at that moment. people evaluate this and talk about we learned after columbine you have to engage the shooter. if that's your goal, then you could go in and engage the shooter and let him slaughter the children in the room. that's not the goal. that's the tactic. the goal is to save everyone. if the tactic has to change a few minutes not to let everyone
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be slaughtered, then you have to change the tactic. doj they'll sort through all that and get their tactical experts from fbi, atf. and police departments. we'll see those weaknesses. i think we've talked about a lot of them. >> thanks. joining me texas state senator roland gutierrez who met with president biden on sunday. you've had a lot of time to think about this. you've had a lot of time to talk to community members, including the families. what are the questions that you still have and how important is it for this community to get these answers? >> families want transparency.
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i talked to one family. their daughter had one gunshot wound. she likely bled out. that gunshot wound was in her kidney. had those officers gone in earlier, she might have lived. we'd like to see how many other children were similarly situated. i want to see and i've asked for these answers. i need to know when they arrived, what time each individual officer arrived on scene and where they stationed themselves. we have that technology. we know it. we're not in 1960. we know where everybody was. i expect those answers. i'm going to get a ballistics report this week. i want to know if children were shot with friendly fire. why is this important? it is about best practices going forward. some of these families want to know the truth of what went on. for myself, it seems abundantly clear that kids called in and
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said they were still alive and the protocols for an active shooter situation weren't followed. >> do you have any insight there was a lack of communication between what was happening with these 911 calls and the information that was getting to the commander? because there does seem to be a disconnect. >> so what my office is doing, last week we were focused on comforting families, making sure they knew they had adequate resources. this week we're transitioning into asking the right questions, making sure we know how this investigation is unfolding, making sure they're cooperating with the federal government. it's very unfair what's happened. i don't know this gentleman, but we're putting it on one local school cop that's got six cops below him. every agency that was at that scene, none of them went in in a
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timely fashion. not even the federal government. they finally went in and neutralized the subject. but there was failure at every level. >> to your knowledge, senator, has anyone spoken to him in an official capacity about that decision? do you know if he's cooperating with the investigation? >> i have a friend of mine that does know him. he says he's obviously taking it very home. he's sheltered somewhere. don't know what his actions are going to be with his own city council situation. i feel bad for everybody in this community, including him. but, again, i think to blame just one person is a little bit irresponsible here, including our own dps where we have
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operation lone star. this is greg abbott's seminal piece on the border. where were those guys, when did they arrive and what did they decide to do? those are important questions i need answered myself. >> you had a chance to speak to the president yesterday. do you feel confident that any help that the federal government can give, beyond obviously this justice department review? is the federal government going to be there for uvalde and what did you ask him for, if anything? >> so i asked him for resources. his office has been in contact as late as last week. we're looking at a federal grant to raze the school and put a new one up, up to $45 million. it's sad that we have existing protocol for this in the united states, but there has. we're in rural texas. there's one psychologist for 16,000 people.
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therapy is a little bit different than telemedicine. you really need to have that human touch. so i've asked abbott to give us $2 million. he has yet to respond to me. we're going to keep pushing the governor to do the right thing for this community. the president said i'm not leaving, i'll give you the resources you need. my expectation is we'll continue that dialogue with the president's office to make sure those things are being taken care of. i'm also speaking to people in the private sector who want to help. the outpouring has been amazing. you see a lot of people from all over the world. i'm so heart broken for these families. we've just got to be there for them. >> i hope they have felt an outpouring of support from across the country, because the country clearly feels the heartache of your community. having said that, can i perhaps
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punctuate something that you just said that tells us about the state of america, that there's a protocol in place for what to do about a school building after it has been the scene of a mass shooting? >> there's at least a federal grant for it. that's the shame of it all, that there's as much as a $45 million grant to raze these buildings. today is day 77 from school starting in texas. greg abbott better get us into this building in austin to get some changes here, because people are demanding it. tomorrow is day 76. he better do something. this isn't a challenge. i'm not playing a game. i'm demanding that we create change. the same thing for the people in washington. if all i do for the rest of my career is yell and scream and shame people to do the right thing, then that's what i'm going to do. i'm not going to stop.
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i never wanted to be on tv every day. i'd rather have 19 babies still alive getting ready for their summer vacations. that's not where we are anymore. >> we thank you for helping us understand what is happening there in uvalde. so what will get done? if past is precedent, a mass shooting in a school won't move legislation in washington. but could this time be different? moments from now president biden and the first lady scheduled to visit the tomb of the unknown soldier at arlington national cemetery. we will have that for you as well as the president's remarks during the ceremony ahead. s rem during the ceremony ahead. highek due to... afib not caused by a heart valve problem. so if there's a better treatment than warfarin... i like that tune. eliquis. eliquis reduces stroke risk better than warfarin. and has less major bleeding than warfarin. eliquis has both.
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different. i get it. every single time after one of these mass shootings, there's talks in washington and they never succeed. there are more republicans interested in talking about finding a path forward this time than i have ever seen since sandy hook. in the end i may end up being heartbroken. i'm at the table with republicans and democrats more than ever before. certainly more republicans willing to talk right now. >> that's democratic senator chris murphy cautiously optimistic after the massacre in uvalde, texas, that left 19 children and two teachers dead. joining me, matt, navigating washington bureaucracy almost sounds like an exercise in futility, but could this time be
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different? >> it's possible. if anyone can get it done, it's chris murphy. nobody has been more passionate about this issue than he. i believe he's been working really hard to try to get a deal with at least ten republicans, which is what we're going to need. after sandy hook when we were meeting with senators and everyone in the room was weeping as the families showed them pictures of their children, it seems like that was a moment when something could happen also. although we got to 54 votes in the senate, we failed. we haven't done anything. congress has done nothing on guns significant since 1994. it would be surprising if this time were different, but i'm hoping to be surprised. >> mitch mcconnell has said that raising the age for semiautomatics is offer the table. you need to be 21 to buy beer but at 18 you can buy an ar-15
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rifle. >> the age to buy a handgun is 21 and a long gun is 18. because in the old days long guns were not used in many crimes. they were single action guns mostly used for hunting and peaceful purposes. now what we see every single time there's a mass shooting, is a semiautomatic assault rifle and very often it's by someone under 21. it's the most obvious thing to do to raise the age to 21. the fact that republicans won't do it is despicable. >> when i hear chris murphy say more people are willing to talk to him and come to the table, i go back to columbine and sandy hook and to gabby giffords when
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you heard from democrats republicans privately say to me this, but they end up voting another way. what are they up against? what are democrats up against? and what are, frankly, some of these republicans up against as maybe they're considering doing something that hasn't been done before? >> i think it's actually true that if they could vote by secret ballot, these measures would pass 80-20. there are 20 republicans in the senate who are truly second amendment absolutists. but there is no reason to fail to close loopholes in the background check system, to raise the age to 21, to do red flag laws, these are totally sensible things. it's not just the nra. that was always the excuse, the nra's money and bullying
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tactics. now i think republicans are really afraid of the maga base. in many cases in red states, they're in no danger of losing a general election to a democrat. their only fear is they will lose a primary to someone coming for their right. they have decided that guns are too hot an issue for people on the right and they simply won't take that on, because it's cowardly and despicable. it's what chris murphy was urging them to set aside on the night of uvalde when he begged them to do something. >> matt bennett, thanks for taking the time. on the front lines ukraine's president making a visit to the besieged city of kharkiv. and president biden and the first lady have arrived at the tomb of the unknown soldier at arlington national cemetery. we will have that ceremony for you and the president's remarks
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>> the commander in chief with a salute at the tomb of the unknown soldier, the sign of the cross, perhaps a moment of silent prayer. he is there with the vice president, with lloyd austin, secretary of defense, the chairman of the joint chiefs, mark milley. we are expecting comments from the president, who has been there for many of the last ten years, certainly as vice president. and we will go back when the president speaks. in the meantime, we want to
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get you up to date on the fighting in eastern ukraine. russian troops entering the out skirts of the ukrainian city of donetsk. it's a city that has become a key objective for moscow in the donbas. it happened as president zelenskyy made a rare and risky visit to the front lines in the kharkiv region, his first appearance outside kyiv since the russian invasion began. what can you tell us about the latest in this fighting? >> hi. that's right the two big headlines are zelenskyy's visit to kharkiv and the fighting around donetsk. russian troops surround that ukraine city on three sides as they have for the last week. they are moving closer and closer. as you say, the regional
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governor says that russian troops are on the doorstep in the outskirts of the town. really important to say that the ukrainian military still controls the city and the city center and there are still civilians. up until today there were evacuations getting civilians out of that city and villages that the russian forces are now pummelling. they have been depopulated over the last several weeks, mostly from the evacuated, 70-80% of civilians. a french journalist has been killed. he was covering the evacuation this morning. there's a tweet from french president emanuel macron. he wrotes, the journalist was
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fatally hit this morning. moving to kharkiv, the northeastern city hit very hard by russian troops as they pushed ukrainian troops out. president zelenskyy making his first trip out of the kyiv region to kharkiv. it's a big deal. >> joining me now barry mccaffrey and david rhode. the country has been focused on the recent shootings in buffalo and uvalde. catch us up on where things stand now on the state of the war in ukraine. >> it's entering a very difficult phase. if you went out a year from now, i'd be very optimistic. russia's economy is going to grind to a halt. they're an international pariah. in the short run the russians have a five to one advantage in air power and masses of
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artillery. this has turned into an artillery war. ukrainians are outgunned. counter battery fire involves radar, unmanned aerial vehicles for reconnaissance, longer range precision munitions. the ukrainians don't have that package put together yet. they're being pounded by russian artillery and cruise missiles being fired from russia and out at sea. that's going to be the problem. they need to accelerate the delivery of systems. another thing we're going to have to take into account is the notion as long as putin is in office, if he seizes the donbas, that will only be a pause. there's no way he will ever stop thinking of destroying the
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ukrainian army and seizing the country. >> as someone who has known and studied the workings of vladimir putin, do you agree with that? it does seem as though after a start to this war where the general feeling was that the military, the russian military was a disaster, there does seem to be a pivot and some momentum for vladimir putin now. >> i think that's true. i want to acknowledge the death of the journalist you mentioned leclerc. he died because of this indiscriminate shelling. this is the challenge. putin is gaining momentum. it's massive artillery barrages. the french journalist was killed riding in an armored vehicle that was going in to evacuate
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civilians from a neighborhood. shrapnel pierced the vehicle and killed him. there is a shift in momentum concentrating those forces, pulling back from the efforts to take kyiv and kharkiv has allowed the concentration that general mccaffrey talked about. a separate thing is this eu meeting today. it's critical. i think there's talk of finally the european union agreeing to stop buying russian oil. that's a critical step to blunt putin's momentum in this war. >> let me ask you about the summit. obviously as the general has said, if you want to look a year down the road, you're going to see the impact of things like the impact on oil, the impact on their economy. in the short-term, are there going to be discussions at this eu summit about things thaxd do more immediately? >> i don't think so. not in the reporting i've read. the critical issue here is hungary.
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it's victor orban, who i think is very pro putin, is blocking this agreement. the larger economies like germany have agreed to stop purchasing russian oil. it's a huge economic boon for vladimir putin. since the war began, european union countries have paid about $23 billion a month to russia for purchasing oil. this would be an enormous step. i hope something can be worked out. what vladimir putin should do -- and sadly i believe he will take the city and essentially gain control of the donbas region. i would hope he would then negotiate seriously. if this oil ban doesn't come through, if putin doubles down, this war will drag on for
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months, even years and so many people will suffer. >> president zelenskyy with a risky move. why do you think he chose to do this now? will it make a difference to folks on the front lines who, frankly, as you say, are outdone? >> i think it will. he's a very courageous individual. he's kept both himself and his family in kyiv throughout the entire battle. he is trying to inspire these troops. he has shown himself to be politically adept in an incredible manner in terms of orchestrating international support and condemnation of russia. his personal leadership, i think, has been absolutely monumental so far to the ukrainian successful performance of their duies and combat.
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let me underscore one of the things. at the end of the day, if zelenskyy loses the army in the east, he loses his country. the ukrainian army can't fight to regain terrain. they've got to fight to preserve the force and the ability to continue combat operations. that will be very difficult for zelenskyy as a politician to acknowledge. >> general barry mccaffrey on this memorial day, david rhodes, thanks to both of you. joe biden telling the people of uvalde, texas, that something will get done following the mass shooting there. can he deliver on that commitment? there can he deliver on that commitment riders! let your queries be known. uh, how come we don't call ourselves bikers anymore? i mean, "riders" is cool, but "bikers"...is really cool. -seriously? -denied. can we go back to meeting at the rec center? the commute here is brutal. denied. how do we feel about getting a quote
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and democrats to somehow get through meaningful change. i want to bring in nicole hockly cofounder of sandy hook promise. you've lived this for nearly a decade. you've seen nothing get done. what do you think this president's role is in the coming weeks, and what kind of action are you looking for from him? >> i think president biden needs to really focus on bringing the parties together for the common solutions that we all can agree to. there's a lot of energy and great conversations happening right now and we need to keep pushing forward and give people cover so they can come forward without just thinking about their political party, but thinking about what we really need to do to stem this violence and protect our kids and adults throughout the country being killed every single day. there are some leaders in
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congress who need to lead these conversations with a mandate to make something happen. i'm very hopeful at this time we will see something. it won't be a perfect solution, but we need to keep pressing forward. >> it sounds like you have to have some optimism in the way that chris murphy does? >> i do. i absolutely believe in chris murphy and other people leading that there is a desire to create real sustainable change. i believe congress can come together and under leadership of people like chris murphy, we can make it happen. we need to give support to them and not shame people right now. let these conversations keep taking place, but keep putting pressure on real solutions to happen. >> emotions are high, new polls have been done that show
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overwhelming support for what are called common sense solutions. do you believe this is a moment and the moment will pass? this week that chris murphy is looking at and then congress comes back next week is a limited window of opportunity. >> yes, it is. and it shouldn't be. let's face it, the polls have been positive in wanting change for the decade that i've been working on this. none of that has really changed. what i have seen since uvalde is even more people leaning in and saying, look, i'm of this party and i still want change, i'm a gun owner and i still want change. it's not about politicizing the moment. it's about responding to the moment. because the next day and the day after that there's another mass shooting. if we don't take action now, the blood is on our hands. this is a moment we need to lean in, politicians need to put politics aside and focus on
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saving lives. >> to that point, the statistics on your website are frankly sickening. 948 school shootings since sandy hook elementary. a dozen children die every day in this country from gun violence. what can can the majority of americans do now, today, tomorrow to make share voices heard for all of the frustrated people who say we have to do something, what can they do? >> for these next couple of weeks while congress is coming back in session, call your senator, call your member of the house, call congress and make sure you are putting your voice forward for background checks, for mental health resources and support. e-mails are great. calls are even better.
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put in the pressure and let your voice be heard. depending what comes after that, use your voice in the polls and the midterms as well. >> thank you very much. we do appreciate you taking the time to talk to us. still to come, holding the line as the january 6th committee gets ready for public hearings. some republican lawmakers say they're ready to defy congressional subpoenas. moments ago, president biden and the first lady at the tomb of the unknown soldier. the president laying a breathe on this memorial day day. we are hearing now from mark milley and general austin. there you see the honorable joseph biden, 46th president of the united states is coming up as well. we will have that for you live after this break. we will have that for you live after this break
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i'm still drawn to what's next. even with higher stroke risk due to afib not caused by a heart valve problem. so if there's a better treatment than warfarin that's a trail i want to take. eliquis. eliquis reduces stroke risk better than warfarin. and has less major bleeding than warfarin. eliquis has both. don't stop taking eliquis without talking to your doctor as this may increase your risk of stroke. eliquis can cause serious and in rare cases fatal bleeding. don't take eliquis if you have an artificial heart valve or abnormal bleeding. while taking, you may bruise more easily or take longer for bleeding to stop. get help right away for unexpected bleeding, or unusual bruising. it may increase your bleeding risk if you take certain medicines. tell your doctor about all planned medical or dental procedures. the number one cardiologist-prescribed blood thinner. ask your doctor about eliquis.
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ing and fund-raising may have contributed to the insurrectionists. it turns out the documents would not reach the panel in time for the hearing. house minority leader kevin mccarthy made it clear he would likely defy an order from the r daniels and katie benner. good to see you. the average american says if i get a subpoena, can i just decide not to answer it. tell us what's going on with the republicans here. >> what you hear from mccarthy is a resistance to complying with the subpoena not wanting to sit for questioning from this committee. so he had his lawyer send a letter a couple days ago outlining what they put forward a as a legal argument for why he did not have to comply with the subpoena. a leadership of the committee argues that those arguments have been debunked. judges have ruled against
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similar arguments by other witness who is tried to defy subpoenas. so this may ultimately just buy mccarthy some time and he may have to come forward and participate in the inquiry. but nonetheless, it speaks to the real partisan divide on capitol hill over the investigation. and over whether the important republican members of congress who might have information to share whether they are going to be participating or not in fielding questions from the committee. >> they are making demands. the decision comes as four other lawmakers signal they are not going to cooperate either. he would only comply with the subpoena if they share all the evidence they have obtained regarding his role in the january 6th attack ahead of time. is that how it works? fbz. >> generally, no, but this is an
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uncooperative set of witnesses these are people buying time. there are penalties for not complying. it just takes a long time to run these cases through the courts. we saw you can see for a long time preventing any kind of oversight or oversight committee from obtaining the information it wants the challenge for the committee going into the hearing will be whether or not month whether or not it can create a counternarrative, what we have seen lawmakers put forward, which was essentially a what happened on january 6th is not something that should be. but it's too partisan to be reliable or trusted. and it doesn't really matter either way. so the committee needs to show through its public testimony and the public hearings that this was an egregious attack on democracy and show the evidence they have that counters this republican narrative. >> you gene, let me say we may have to break away to go to the president sorks if i interrupt
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you, that's why. if you look at big piture, what are the the implications of the showdown for what becomes of the inquiry? >> it's really interesting is even past the inquiry and the committee hears is going to be the power to subpoena. that's why he's been behaving the way he has for so long. him saying that, what does that say to who are subpoenas by members of congress and you didn't go so why should i have to? that's something when you talk to some republicans, they have a concern can because we do note? >> i'm going to interrupt you now. here's the president at arlington national cemetery. >> they lie here in glory and
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honor. the quiet rows in arlington, in greys across our country, in towns large and small, america's beloved daughters and sons who dared all, risked all, and gave all to preserve and defend an idea unlike any other in human history. the idea of the united states of america. today as a nation, we undertake a sacred ritual. to reflect and remember because if we forget, the lives of each of those markers represent mothers, fathers, siblings, spouses, children, if we forget what they sarificed, what they made, so our might endure strong, free and we united, then
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we forget who we are. ladies and gentlemen, our first lady, the love of my life jill, the cabinet members, gld star families and survivors, today renew our sacred. it's a simple vow to remember, to remember. memorial day is always a day where pain and pride are mixed together. we all know it sitting here. jill and i know it. today's the day our son died. and folks, for those who have lost a loved one in service to our country, it if your loved one is missing or unaccounted
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for, i know the ceremonies reopen that black hole in the center of your chest that just pulls you in. suffocates you. seven years ago today our son major beau biden took his last breath at walter reid. he insisted on deploying to iraq with his unit for a year when he was attorney general. came home a deorated soldier, bronze star, legion of merit. he didn't.net in the line of duty. he came home from iraq with cancer. it was horrific cancer that stole him from us. but still it always feels to me on memorial day i see him. not as he was the last time i held his hand, but the day i pinned his bars on him as a
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second lieutenant. i see him with me town at the delaware memorial bridge hugging all the gold star famiies. days like this bring back before your eyes their smile and their laugh. the last conversation you had had, each of you know it. the hurt overwhelming. but for so many of you, as is with jill and me, the hurt is wrapped around the knowledge that your loved one was part of something bigger than any of us. they chose a life of purpose. it sounds corny like a memorial day speech, but i mean it from the bottom of my heart. they chose a life of purpose. they had a mission. above all, they believed in duty, they believed in honor, they believed in their country, and still today we are free
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because they were brave. we live by the light and the flame of liberty that they kept burning. so a part of them is still with us no matter how long ago we lost them. as hard as it is for many to believe, especially those whose loss is still raw, i promise you the day will come when the memory of your loved one, your patriot will bring a smile to your lip before it brings a tear to your eye. that's when you know you're going to make it. today america stands watch around the world. as many of you know, at often great personal risk, this memorial day, we know the hem ri is still painful of all the
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fallen who lost their lives during the last two decades in combat. each of them leaving behind a community. hearts broken by their absence. and lives that will never be the same. we see in the hundreds of graves here in section 60 at arlington reminder that there's nothing low risk or low cost about war for the women and men who fight it. 7,054 military members gave their lives over 20 years of our iraq and afghan conflicts. i'm told others have died of illness connected to these wars. and enduring grief born by the survivors is a cost of war that will carry as a nation forever. and so to every gold star
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family, to every survivor and family member and caregiver, this grateful nation owes you as well as the person you lost. we can never repay the sacrifice. but we will never stop trying. we'll never fail on our to remember. with their lives, they bought our freedom. and so with our lives, we must always live up to their example putting service before self, caring for our neighbors as ourselves, working fervently to bring our union just that much closer to fulfilling the founding creed that women and men are created equal. it's often said there was a nation we have many obligations. but the only one that is
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