broadway, a first for a woman of color. at the end of the decade, gibson had won unimpressive 11 grand slam titles and the next black woman to win a grand slam title, none other than serena williams herself. new york times points out, both serena and venus williams are known admirers miss gibson, in 1999, serena than 17 faxed miss gibson a list of questions in connection with the school project. and the sisters used photo of miss gibson on the back cover of a black history newsletter that they created. last week on what would've been althia gibson's 95th birthday, the block on 143rd street in harlem where she was renamed was renamed, althia gibson way. a celebration of two tennis legends, whose greatness will stand the test of time. these two great ladies take us off the air tonight. and that extraordinary no, i

wish all of you have a good night. from all of our colleagues across the networks of nbc news, thanks for staying up late with us, i will see you at the end of tomorrow. of tomorrow. good evening chris, thank you my friend much appreciated. thanks to you at home for joining us this hour. really happy to have you here. the basic plot is, that even though he's a good guy, even though he is our hero, he has to steal the declaration of independence. he has to break into the national archives and steal it, but it's for a good reason. it's because he has followed the string of ancient, creepy totally non plausible clues, and those clues have revealed to him a big secret. the big secret is that there is a big treasure and to find a big treasure, you have to follow the treasure map and the treasure map inconveniently is printed in invisible ink on the backside of the declaration of independence.

and so he has to steal the declaration of independence. not just because he wants the treasure map because it's written in invisible ink on the other side, not just because of that. but because the bad guys have followed the same set of clothes that he followed, a figure at the same secret as him and the bad guys are gonna steal the declaration of independence for bad reasons for the good guy has to steal of firsts before they can get to him. that's the plot. at least i think that's the basic plot. there's something about free masons and pyramids too. there's probably some other parts honest, but honestly in a movie like this it doesn't really matter what you miss. trust me, you'll be fine. >> don't you get the point? the treasure is a myth. >> i refuse to believe that. >> but what he thought was the final clue. >> 99 years of searching. >> is only the beginning. >> the declaration of independence. >> you think there's a treasure map on the back of the declaration of the dependence?

>> the map is invisible. >> why would he make this up? >> where is the proof. >> we don't have it. >> get down! >> they could take it. >> word about the map is bound to get out. they're gonna try to steal it. the only way to protect the declaration is to steal it. >> you're gonna steal the declaration of independence. >> ben! it is surrounded by guards and video monitors and little kids on their eighth grade field trip. you will go to prison you know that? >> yeah probably. >> what are you doing? >> get out of there now. >> he's got the bloody map! >> he's got the bloody map! i love the part where nicholas cage would otherwise be shot but he uses the bullet proof -ish casing for the declaration of independence as his body armor so he's fine but how is

the document? did it take the bullets maybe? this is the 2004 smash hit movie national treasure, starring nicolas cage. the weekend before a national treasure, national treasure came out in 2004 i have to tell you, this movie beat the spongebob squarepants movie that came at the same weekend. it beat even that blockbuster for the number one spot in the u.s. box office, despite the fact that national treasure was viewed pretty well universally as absolutely ridiculous, it ended up crossing $350 million worldwide, even as it cost an astonishing $100 million to make, it's still made a quarter of a billion dollars profit on top of that. which again is especially

amazing when you consider that the plot of this thing is really something something, something invisible ink, something america, bang bang happy ending. there is not a lot to -- -- here. it's pretty ridiculous. the washington post referenced this movie, national treasure in some of its recent reporting on the current criminal investigation involving former president trump, specifically the recent revelations that he apparently absconded with the white house with reams of documents he is not supposed to possess, highly classified documents and tons of stuff that's not supposed to be stuffed into his bedroom closet at his florida house, where he also rents out rooms to paying guests. it's all stuff that's supposed to be at the national archives, and in its reporting, the washington post pointed out that in the minds of many, if not most americans, when you think of the national archives if, you have an image of that in your mind, maybe you think a beauty shots like this. maybe you had a family field trip to washington, d. c. and

you've seen that building one day. just as likely that you think about the nicolas cage movie. the building where nicholas cage stole the declaration of independence and used it for as a shield from bullets while the bad guys were trying to steal the treasure. there is a big national archives facility in washington. so recognizable from the outside, inside it's got the famous rotunda, public faults, in the national archives museum. but that's not the only place where the national archives is. there are major major national archive facilities in seattle, and, fort worth, texas, kansas city, in new york city, in riverside, california, atlanta and broomfield, colorado. a whole bunch of other places as well. the archives maintains federal national record centers in

similarly suitable nicolas cage locations in places, like lenexa, kansas, pittsfield and these summit, missouri. the national archives is not just one headquarter in washington. it is a big agency that has an extra small, small, medium, large and extra large facilities literally all over the country from coast to coast. national archives as an agency is also responsible for more than a dozen presidential libraries, ranging from herbert hoover through to donald j trump, although so far trump's presidential libraries just a website. thanks to trump though, they have now had to increase police patrols around the national archives facility in hoffman estates, illinois because that's where the national archives is keeping records on the obama administration. they keep records in hoffman estates, illinois. those records will ultimately be made accessible through the obama presidential library. they've had to increase police presence at that facility. after the fbi executed a search warrant earlier this month ago

sees classified documents and other materials the trump was supposed to get back to the national archives, trump not once, not, twice but three times made statements online that president obama was somehow the real villain, that he trump had done nothing wrong, but obama had taken millions of documents. tons of classified stuff he should not have taken to his home. president obama's home should be raided. all of that from trump. i don't know if you will be shocked to hear, this but it's just 100 percent bull pokey. the national archives actually has all of president obama's records, he doesn't have any of them, any national classified stuff stuffed in his gold

painted bedroom like some other former president we could mention. but nonetheless, when former trump made those false claims about president obama, police noticed a spike in what they notice was hostile and threatening online chatter about the obama presidential library national archives in hoffman estates, illinois. so according to the washington post, police had to increase their patrols there at that national archives. that is in keeping with what we know is an overall excuse increased threat environment towards the national archives staff and facilities. ever since we realized that trump is under a's investigation, for among other things breaking the espionage act, that apparently has been enough to make the national archives the enemy of trump supporters. nbc news has now obtained a letter from the head of the national archives to archive

staff all across the country. it says in part quote, the national archives has been intensive intense cooney for months. this week especially, with many people ascribing political motivation to our actions. we received messages from the public accusing us of corruption and conspiring against the former president. or alternately, congratulating us for bringing him down. neither is accurate or welcome. for the past 30 plus years, as a career national archive civil servant, i've been proud to work for a fiercely and uniquely non political agency known for its integrity and an honest broker. this notion is on establishing laws, and in our culture i hold dear, and i know you to. our fundamental interest is always ensuring that government records properly manage, protected and preserved, and access for them for the life of the republic. that is our mission and what motivates us as we seek to uphold the public trust.

i thank you all for the dedication and your professionalism and integrity and carrying it out in a non political and diligent manner. we will continue to our, work without fear or favor, in the service of our democracy. that letter, again going out from the head of the national archives to all nationwide staff that very large agency. that letter going out as the washington post reports quote, donald trump's home for classified documents that. national archives has been the target of vitriol whipped his followers in a fervor is an actual archives. ,.

. . . how can be mad at the library? . oh wait, that's what we're doing. hysterical criticism and cultural war posturing from the political right. really is shutting down american libraries now and children story times at libraries are being targeted for violence and intimidation from the right. and school board meetings are turning into scenes of violence, harassment and intimidation, and election workers, are being threatened and attacked and harassed, and public health officials and local public health officers and doctors, and nurses, and teachers, depending whatever the hot topic of this week is on the right, some new group of americans working in some aspect of public service is

about to start getting threatened and doxxed and harass harassed. it's everything that we cover now. we had a interview with doctor anthony fauci last week nearly 50 years in public health service. dr. fauci never before you that needed to have a security detail. he has to now because of all the threats to him in his family. below a national figure like that, public health officials, local city, county, state officials all over the country, hounded out of their jobs. threatened, harassed, causing a largest professional exodus in modern american history in the middle of our largest health threat in the century. the whole elections office in one texas county, gillespie county, the whole office, every worker in the elections office all resigning this month a mass. because they can't handle the threats and the harassment for

the terrible crime of working like normal public servants to, administer totally normal elections. former president trump's social media company posting a link to the unredacted search warrant for mar-a-lago. unredacted in the sense that the one they posted didn't blackout the names of the individual fbi igs who signed off on some of that documentation. after that, a trump white house staffer posted personal identifying information for those fbi agents and their families. so trump supporters could hound them, and threaten and intimidate them. the fbi and the department of having to center a nationwide alert about a spike in threats to federal law enforcement officials of all kinds. the judge who signed off on us search warner mar-a-lago needed security after the dress was posted online and trump supporters started threatening him and his synagogue. that's nice. now apparently it's a national archive staff. the national archives.

talk about the case to prove the point right? if the federal government were a zoom the baby otters it's just not possible to object an international basis. even if you want to make the national archives a postponing a source of the national excitement, it's gonna cost you 100 million dollars to make that movie and it's gonna require nicolas cage and it's gonna be too ridiculous to take seriously, even for a second. but in this political environment on the right, they can generate a murderous range of the national archives or school boards or librarians or doctors or county public health boards or the little old ladies who work at the polls on election day. no one's beyond being

threatened, doxxed, threatened, intimidated being driven out of public service. it is hard to stay in democracy at a practical level when all forms of public service large and small, all jobs in the public life of our democracy commit threats. you can't hold free and fair elections when it takes bravery to be a poll worker. i should not take bravery to be a poll worker or file clerk at the archives or an immunologist. the threat of political violence takes normal people out of public life which puts you on a very fast track. the news today has been dominated by one of the former presidents allies in the u.s. senate promising that if trump

was indicted it'll be in his words riots in the street. senator lindsey graham, is promising that he's not speaking out against it same i hope this doesn't happen and i need to tell my fellow americans that i can sense this is coming to might be wrong he's just basically promising that's going to happen, and wielding that as a threat against the justice department. hey, if a guy on our side gets arrested for crimes, we will burn the country down, this is the party that wants to be known as a law and order party. the news today has also been dominated, today and for the last couple of days by a lot of details, and i think kind of fuss-ifying reporting about exactly what's happening to the documents that the fbi took back from mar-a-lago, and what's gonna happen to those documents. you might have seen these headlines all weekend long about the request from trump for a special master to review those documents, and a florida judge considering the special master request, and the filings

today, including filings from the justice department to that judge about the special master, and what the justice department is looked at already, and what they haven't. for the people who are directly involved in this, i'm sure all of the minutiae and it isn't out so this are fascinating. but i also think it's also easy to lose the fourth of the trees on legal tangent this one, this whole fight over the special master thing, what this is the trump side trying to delay the justice department. in its ability to use the documents that they took from mar-a-lago as part of their ongoing criminal investigation, so they're trying to lay it and make it more complicated on the other side we have to wait to hear what's rules and procedures have to follow in order to use these documents from mar-a-lago, in their ongoing criminal investigation. we expected tomorrow the justice department will make a big long 40 page filing -- here in this to be dispute about why they think it should be more simple and

straightforward, even though trump thinks it should be sawyer more complicated. that's basically, it how fast gonna under whatever circumstances does the justice department get to use the documents -- in executing the search warrant towards building the criminal case. and you can get into the weeds if you want to, it can be made to see more complicated than that. trump side wanted to make it more complicated for prosecutors. -- so the judge will say something. despite all the ink that that dispute received today, despite all the ink that that is definitely gonna receive tomorrow, despite all of the ink this received over the weekend i do think it's a fairly easy to understand dispute will have to wait to see where the judge says beyond that sort of tampa's neti pot, i actually think there are two

other things that seem more interesting and more important to watch right now. one of them is definitely a wait and see thing, that we sort of can't push the string on it at all. we'll just find out when it happens, but the other one is something we will try to get answers on here tonight. the wait and see one is this little giblet of reporting from the washington post. the post says quote the work of the national archives may not yet be done. some national archives officials believe that there might still be more records missing. now this is in this post article in which they say they spoke to 14 current and former national archives employees, and other people familiar with what's going on with this case. 13 sources for the story, one of these people told the pose that there are officials at the archives the think now, even after the search warrant that was executed by the fbi at mar-a-lago, officials still believe he's holding more

documents. he is still hiding more documents that he effectively stole from the government. now nbc news has not matched that reporting from the post. as far as we know, no other news organization has either. but if that is true, if after the pleading letters in the national archives, the contacts in the justice department, and a subpoena, and the search warrant being f done by the fbi, after that, there is still more that he is hiding, that is bananas. and the washington post reports that national archives officials believe there is more. that's definitely worth watching. that is a wait and see but wow if it is true. then there is the other thing that i really think is worth watching. and it concerns the intelligence community. nbc was the first to receive a letter from the director of national intelligence explaining how her office is getting involved in this in two different ways. first of all, the director of

national intelligence is apparently doing a classification review of these materials the trump took and was hiding at mar-a-lago. what is a classification review? why is the director of national intelligence doing that and where are the implications of that classification review for a broader case? i don't know, we are about to find out on this program tonight. secondly though, the national intelligence director according to nbc news, is also doing something that is basically a damage assessment. quote, od and i will lead and intelligence community and segment of the potential risk to national security that would lead from the disclosure of the documents. so as federal prosecutors and the fbi are about to get from his florida judge the rules of the road, in terms of how they

can use the material they seized from trump in this criminal investigation. as the national archives contends with threats from trump supporters and contends with the prospect that even out trump is still hiding more documents, even after the search war was executed. as those things move forward, the head of the intelligence community is somehow reviewing the classified nature of the material the trump took and assessing what's the damage to our national security could be. that seems really important to me. it's not like an invisible ink treasure map on the back of the search warrant or something, but it does seem important. we're gonna get some help sorting it what exactly that means with somebody who really knows how these things work. that's next.

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at the u.s. justice department who specifically in charge of national security matters was a

woman named mary mccourt. not being national security chief at doj is an important job even in normal times, but in late 2016 that was a colossally important job doing totally unprecedented things. as the justice department began it's unprecedented investigation in this national security crisis in which russia decided to interfere in our election in order to support their favored candidate for president. when the justice department had to send the acting attorney general and a top national security official to the white house in 2017 to warn them that they're in coming national security advisor was having secret communications with the russian government which he was lying about, the people went up

to the white house to communicate that very difficult message about mike flynn, that was acting attorney general solids and the national security official marie mccord. her long career of service under party presidents of both parties, she served many functions. all of that prior to becoming the top national security and top national counter-intelligence official justice during the obama administration. one of her duties during -- with that experience that is perhaps -- there is perhaps no other former official better equipped to talk about what a justice official investigation into donald trump and rotational national security threats threats looks like. that's what makes me delighted, and honored to tell you that we are now being joined by mary mccord. she former system attorney general at the doj, she serves as a fellow at the george washington program on extremism extremism. this is court, it's a very a big honor to have you with us today. >> it's thank you for having me here rachel.

>> i feel like part of what is difficult in reporting on and just trying to be law-abiding citizen or national security matters, particularly when they intersect with intelligence is that it's really hard to check things that we hear about from the intelligence community. it's hard to get second sources on stuff, it's hard to get verification and things, because by necessity it's a pretty opaque world. given that, what can you tell us about what's odni is doing right now. they're saying they're doing a classification review and a damage assessment about these documents that were taken from the former president. can you shed any light on us about what those terms mean we're means they're really doing.

sure i think it's important to focus on this, and i'm glad that you have, because i think there's been so much discussion over the weekend, and really the last three weeks about the criminal investigation, and just as important to that is the national security threat posed by the mishandling of these highly sensitive, highly classified documents. so the first thing that the director of national intelligence said in that letter to congress, but her office the director of the director of national intelligence, and the whole intelligence community would do is a classification review. that means that will look at the documents that have been seized, the classified, once and really determine, is that level of classification still the right level of classification? right? because, sometimes, classified information over the course of time and events in the world, is not necessary to be classified anymore. or, it could be potentially classified at a different level. so that classification review is to make sure, or check to see what are these documents? do they all still justify the classifications they have because as your viewers one know if they look at the redacted affidavit, some of the unredacted portions explain the different levels of review.

from damage to national security, all the way up to exceptionally grave damage to national security. the second thing they intelligence community is going to do. i think you quite accurately referred to as a damage assessment. they are going to be very concerned with figuring out, to the best of their ability, what types of harm to national security could occur if these documents or the information in these documents, were not authorized to receive them. that could be foreign adversaries, spies, opportunitiists, criminals et cetera. -- assessing how sensitive are they, but trying to figure out who might have have access to them. certainly within mar-a-lago, we know this is a place that is open to visitors, there are often foreign guests there. we now know that these

materials were stored at all different locations in the premises. and we know that there have been foreign agents, or foreign nationals who have gotten into mar-a-lago under false pretenses before. so, some of the things that the department is asked for our surveillance videos from within the premises, to kind of see who is coming and going, who might have had access to the different spaces where these documents were found? they will be looking to see, do we have compromised confidential human sources who are in danger now? do we have intelligence collection methods that are potentially risk now. do we have foreign intelligence, meaning intelligence share to us by our foreign allies that has maybe been compromised? all these things are going to be concerns. do we have critical technologies that are important to our critical infrastructure? our mass transportation? our communication systems? our banking systems?

all these things that are potentially at risk. all of that is, potentially, going into this damage assessment. that will be ongoing. it isn't something that will be finished in a week or two, it's going to be a continuing process. >> and, in terms of the damage assessment and the classification review. i'm assuming that the most important in the intelligence world, the most important part of those reviews is that the intelligence community itself, and our allies, to the extent that is relevant gets to use that information to take protective measures, to the extent they need to. are the results of those reviews the kinds of things that would be brief to the oversight committees, for example. brief to congressional leadership in the intelligence communities, to the extent that the classification review, or the damage assessment turns up information that is relevant, in terms of the damage to national security that was caused, or potentially caused by the mishandling of these materials. all the results of the odni be

things that might be shared by the justice department for the purpose of building their criminal case? >> so, there is a lot in that question. i would expect that these intelligence review as well, themselves, be classified. so, the result of this damage assessment won't be public information that we will read in the washington post for the new york times, or listen to on your show. they will be classified. but, they are likely to be brief to the house and senate intelligence committees. those are the committees that oversee intelligence selection, it will be very, very concerned with the potential damage to national security. they will be briefed to -- throw out those who are entitled to receive that breathing in the intelligence community. for taking countermeasures. that will include people in the justice department. the classification review would also be pertinent to any

criminal investigation, because whether the documents are national defence information, and i know that i mixing up terms here. but the terms used in the statute, one of the three statutes that was the basis of the search warrant, for which there was probable cause within that affidavit for the search warrant. one of those is a mishandling of national defence information. the words used in the statute are not classified information, it's national defense information. those things do tend to be one of the same. so highly classified information is almost necessarily ndi, or national defence information it's possible that you could have ndi that is not classified because some of it hasn't been classified yet but that classification review will help inform the department of

justice as to what ndi was mishandled, which would be important for any criminal cases charging the violation of that statute. >> that is, in fact, super clarifying. you've taken a bunch of terms that have all been conflated, and you have disambiguated them in a very clear and helpful way. mary mccord, former justice department acting attorney general for a national security. again, someone with your experience and clarity of expression, it's very invaluable to have you here, thank you so much. >> thank you for having me. >> again, just to summarize theere. her reporting from nbc news, the office of the director of national intelligence is doing both that damage assessment, in terms of what damage could potentially have been caused here. that is something that was called for by the chairman and the vice chairman, the democrat and republican who are the head of that senate intelligence committee. that damage assessment, but also the classification review, which has mary mccord said there could very much impact what charges, if any, or ultimately brought against whoever is deemed to be responsible for the mishandling of this serious national

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canister of table salt, you might notice that it usually says on the label that it's ayo dies? meaning that they have added iodine to the salt, even though that is not someplace you naturally fine iodine. it's a mineral that we need, as humans, and you can get from food. it's found in some seafood and some dairy products, but it is not something that our bodies make on their own. we need iodine, but to get it we need to ingest it. we need to get it either from some kind of food, or from some kind of supplement. and about 100 years ago, we started adding iodine to this very commonly used thing. we started adding it to table salt in this country, because broadly speaking, americans weren't getting enough iodine. on our own. way too many people had iodine deficiencies, and the result that was that a lot of people were having thyroid problems. the thyroid gland is the part of the body that takes in iodine. if you have an iodine deficiency, that can cause all sorts of thyroid related problems, it can be very serious health consequences. once they started adding a little trace amounts of iodine to common table salt, it had a big public health effect. iodine deficiency plummeted,

thyroid problems related to iodine deficiency plummeted. that's why our table salt was i had i used to this day, it basically causes no harm in lots of good. so even if you don't know much about how minerals and how they work in the body, because we've all been eating ionized table salt for a while, we all kind of know this connection between this mineral, iodine, and the thyroid. well, turns out, the other circumstance in which that is a good thing to know, is the circumstance of radioactive fallout. in the event of a nuclear blast, dirty bomb, or radioactive waste, or particularly if there is a league or an explosion at a nuclear power plant, there are a few different kinds of radioactive particles that are likely to be released. cesium and strontium are too that you might hear about in the context of radioactive fallout. there to the really bad ones,

if you're exposed to radioactive strontium, your body takes it him and treated like it's calcium, which means terrible things here bones and your bone marrow, and your blood, and ultimately you risk all kinds of cancer. strong team, and other radioactive isotopes like cesium are just terrible. but, the most common isotopes associated with the nuclear power plant catastrophe, are actually two different kinds of radioactive iodine. and we know, from our elementary school level table salt understanding of basic biology, that it's the thyroid the takes up iodine in the body. and that's where this matters. in the event of a radiation disaster. one of the immediate most common risks is that a lot of people are gonna get thyroid cancer. because, again, one of the most common things released and radioactive fallout, are a couple different kinds of radioactive iodine. we breathe that in, we otherwise absorbent, we take it into our thyroid. and if it is radioactive iodine, we will get thyroid cancer because of it. it's a scary concept, i know, everything having to do with

radiation, and nuclear accidents is absolutely terrifying. but even so, just a little bit of understanding is helpful, because just like with table salt, just a little bit of understanding is enough to get you to an understanding of this one very practical consequence. again, we need iodine in our bodies. we absorb iodine in our thyroid gland. but, we don't do so infinitely. the thyroid takes an iodine, but he can only taken so much. it can become saturated with iodine. and once saturated with iodine, it won't take in anymore. so, you see where this is going, right? in the event of a radiation disaster, where a lot of people will be exposed to radioactive fallout, one of the things that you do in that circumstance is you make sure that people have iodine tablets. that they can take right away before they're exposed to any follow. if you take an iodine tablet, that will mean that your thyroid is saturated with healthy, non radioactive iodine,

that means that when the radioactive iodine comes your way, your thyroid will not absorb it. your thyroid is already full, you will avoid getting thyroid cancer. the cdc explains it this way. quote, think of filling ajar with blue marbles. if you then pour green marbles over the jar, though will not be room for them inside the jar, they will just spill out. nobody should proactively dose themselves with iodine like this as a matter of course. this is a circumstance where there is a nuclear disaster on your doorstep. but, if there is nuclear disaster on your doorstep, it is a good form of protection to have on hand. and, as of this past friday, iodine pills are now being distributed in the ukraine. in the area surrounding the zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, its nuclear power plant largest of europe. officials are officially giving out those iodine pills to anyone living within a 30 mile radius of that nuclear power plant, that means tens of thousands of people.

people there, men, women, and children, do not take the iodine pills preemptively, but in case of a disaster or radiation exposure, you will need to take these to protect yourself. and unfortunately, that is a very practical concern right now. russian forces continue to control, -ish, that nuclear plant. it's a of course in the middle of a war zone, where there is now a constant shelling that is posing huge risks to the facility. the plant was also disconnected from the country's power grid, late on friday. it was later reconnected, but that disconnection from a power source, could have brought about disaster by other means. ukraine is having to do something very simple, very practical, a very terrifying and equal measures. we'll talk about both the practicalities about it and the risks here, next, stay with us. smart sleepers get 28 minutes more restful sleep per night. don't miss our labor day weekend special. save 50% on sleep number 360® limited edition smart bed. ends labor day.

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of the nuclear policy program at the carnegie endowment for international peace. he joins us now. mr. acton, i appreciate you taking time to be here tonight, thanks for being here. >> thanks for having me on. >> so, ukraine is apparently starting a big counter offensive against russia. there's new state department data that shows that russia really is running terrifying camps inside russia, to which they are apparently forcibly deporting lots of a ukrainian civilians. the headlines are all very worrying, there's lots to worry about in the russia ukraine war.

as a nuclear expert though, i want to take your temperature basically as to how worried you are that we might have a nuclear accident or a radiation disaster at this huge nuclear plant in zaporizhzhia. >> well, i'm genuinely worried about that. a nuclear power plant is not designed to be in the middle of a war zone, i think people have an image of it dispersing radiation from the core of the reactor. the big problem is, there's all the cooling equipment for the plant which is potentially exposed and vulnerable. and deliberately or accidentally, that could be hit in a war, sparking an accident sequence that leads to a large release of radiation. >> so, the cooling equipment, which again this is a plant that makes power. but the plant requires power, in part to keep it's cooling equipment going. can you just explain why that is such a point of vulnerability?

>> lso the core of a reactor produces very large amounts of radioactivity, that becomes very hot, and that he's heat has to be taken somewhere. and so you need this kind of nuclear power plant, you need to be cooling it actively. so, you have electricity connections to the outside world, in an event that those fail, you have these diesel generators on site. zaporizhzhia is also connected to a thermal power plant. something like coal or gas, that is an extra source of electricity. hot water from inside the plant is basically sprayed up in the air. with so-called spray pumps. you can see them on the screen right now, in order to cool it before that water is recycled. all of this critical equipment, related to cooling, is outside of the core of the plant. one can imagine, as i, said an accident sequence involving shelling, and fires, and

firefighters being unable to get to the site. heat buildup in the core and like we saw in japan, it's going to lead to the destruction of this equipment. and eventually what we saw in fukushima, is we are noticing fuel dispersed into radiation. >> briefly, mr. acton, are you hopeful about the un investigators. the iea investigators who are arriving at the clout so this week. >> i'm very happy that they're going in, but we shouldn't be realistic about what they believe. -- to assess the safety and security features on the plant. they don't have a magical way of defending the plant, or repairing broken equipment. so ultimately, it's up to russia to behave responsibly, and to agree to demilitarize the area around the plant. unfortunately, given the fact that russia has already invaded ukraine, and occupied the plant. i'm not optimistic that russia

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