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tv   [untitled]    April 8, 2022 12:30am-1:01am MSK

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live news when you need them tv shows for every taste anytime and anywhere all day long on the website www.ntv.ru and in the ntv and today ntv mobile applications . brilliant ksenia novikova is again at the epicenter of the scandal. it's just beyond the bounds of good and evil she endured for years, mockery of her husband. he just drove me around. why are you sitting here? almost lost the kids? this is fisk, this scream is still in my ears. and now maybe
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lose your home. here comes the agenda of the dress, who set a goal to leave the singer without a roof over our heads, so that we can live and is there a chance to fix everything, and i am crying with you here, ksyusha wait to cry early. and you want to defend your own at home, you just have such topics. i'm already on the verge of a million dollar secret, shiny to blue. novikova will come very strongly. call the police and go straight to the beaches on saturday at 21:30 on ntv we are broadcasting a science program and a program about how science will change our lives in the next 10 years, in 10 years humanity will die of thirst. well, more precisely , he will die from diseases caused by a lack of water. or maybe just out of thirst we will find out, because at the end of the program, our guests, optimists from skeptics, will make a prediction. what is the probability that
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in 10 years humanity will die of thirst one way or another, by the way, our expert believes in this professor kapustin there is a lot of fresh water on planet earth, but 70% of fresh water is used in agriculture , another 30%. for technical needs. actually people drink much less than one percent of water. yes, here the trouble is distributed, the water is very even. and where it is, it is especially needed. there it is not enough water and began to be sold in bottles. this can be spread all over the world, although tap water is usually cleaner, but advertising has done its job began to drink water from bottles of a large company began to stock up on water, building, private reservoir, pumping water from rivers and from under the earth the land around turned into a desert in california on the great plains has already pumped out 40% of groundwater water. there are 30 years left to
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guarantee the desertification of 60% of all the groundwater of the planet does not have time to be replenished. i do not turn into salty water now , 2 billion people suffer from water shortages, but what is the forecast, this number will increase to five years? a quarter of the population of 2 billion suffer from deficiencies in salt water nightmare a natalia leonidovna how did it happen, that, but there is a lot of salty water on earth and only a small part is fresh. indeed the question is quite simple, but not so easy to answer. well, let's start with the oceans. uh, salt water is in a huge basin limited by uh landforms, and there, uh, covers 2/3 of the earth's surface. and that's where 96% of all the water on earth is. well, the ocean wasn't always like that. uh,
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many, many years ago there were depths, respectively, less over the years. uh, the depth increased, and their somewhere around 570 million years ago. he, in principle, acquired the volume that we now have, a and if we talk about salinity, then by the same time, the primary salinity was also approximately formed, that is, according to e treatment. it was the same as we are now observing the oceans, that is, percent. well, the composition was somewhat different. this was due to the processes that took place on earth, by the way , ah, the formation of the world ocean is connected not only with these processes. well, the process, for example, to gas up the mantle, which significantly influenced the formation of salinity, but composition of these ions. well, as time goes by. ah, those waters that formed the world's oceans. they evaporated , fell out in the form of precipitation, were transferred to the land and
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further, uh, a continental source was formed, which, uh, transferred part of the dissolved sons, also the world agent, thereby changing the composition. uh, ocean and magnitude. this salinity is a continental source. is it sushi going to rivers taking out salt or what? this is the mainland stoke, yes, and now i will try to explain a little more in more detail what the further relationship between the elements of the hydrosphere is like. what do we call the ocean. uh, glaciers, groundwater, that's what we call the hydrosphere. and so here are the changes between these elements of the hydrosphere, the ratio of the amount of water and e-e, further changes in the composition of substances, it is associated with such a concept as the water cycle in nature. this is a very important thing that allows us. in fact, to renew our water resources. and we will come to them there and still today. ah. the most important thing, of course, is our oceanic link, where the largest amount of water is involved. this is about 4508 e thousand
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cubic kilometers per year. this is a very large value. these are the precipitation that falls on the surface of the ocean, respectively. uh, it evaporates a little more , but it evaporates more than precipitation and part of the moisture. transferred to land, but about a tenth of 10% is transferred. everything else remains within the ocean. and and these 10% fall on the territory of the land. they also fall in the form of precipitation, which then evaporates and, uh, all these air currents along with the flag. they somehow return the ocean in the form of us we say drain. mainland so much what is fresh? yes, it is fresh, because the renewal is very fast, say, if the water in the ocean is renewed. er, well, 2,500 years of underground water. it can be 1700 years, but in the rivers, uh, it's 17 days, that is, uh. these are renewable resources, and, for us, exclusively evaporated in the rivers,
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everything is fresh. why is it back glass salty it flows down very little mineralized fresh water flows down in rivers. well, it is rare when you meet a sufficiently high mineralization, because contact with rocks is very short, so the concentration of these salts in river waters. she is very small. well, what's interesting is that e balanced. uh, on our earth it looks like this from the ocean to land is transferred about half a billion tons per year, and land to the ocean is 4 1/2 billion . this is such a salty ocean. this is our fault on land. i, and i don't need to. this is what is to blame. this one is taken out with ice. uh is carried out with groundwater, that is, these 47.000 km³ is returned to the ocean. well, there uh,
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the change in balance begins. uh, something happens more from the ocean. we are drying something on land. the ocean is already climate change taking place now. now, for example, more water is taken out of the land than from the ocean. well, due to the fact that these are glaciers, global warming is observed, much more is being carried out into the ocean. the ocean is getting even more salty is getting salty. well, we have changes over such periods of time - it is already difficult to fix salinity. and now there are billions. there millions of years when this salinity has already formed a change. of course, there is no increase in changes in composition, but for us , of course, they are not very significant . i don’t know, but hard , this is still soft. such a criterion , there are quite a lot of different criteria. water ratings. the first is about the most, as
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it were, the original. this isotopic composition is light water worth current, isotopes of hydrogen, and only isotopes of oxygen, heavy water isotope of deuterium is heavy but for hydrogen. and but oxygen, superheavy water is for the top third and but oxygen, the third and two, does not occur in nature. this is already radioactive water, there is water enriched in oxygen 18. this is the first part. how can you go to donate water ? etc. where did the water come from? there are uh, water characteristics are classified according to their salt composition soft water, hard water, fresh water, salty water, slightly salty none, soft hard - this is a characteristic of the content of ions in calcium and magnesium mainly, therefore. er, so the parameter this parameter depends on the origin. where did we get our plumbing water from? from which sources, for example, in moscow, water is moderately
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hard, i can now demonstrate to you. i have special experience for this, of course. yes, we love when something solid shows us something. how soft, how soft and hard, and there are, uh, absolutely accessible tests. uh, water hardness tests are sold in ordinary hardware stores, and test strips, which are still carbonated and non-carbonated carbonated, are carbonated blonde with such a classification of water. yes, it is by eye. this is for bubbles in terms of stiffness, lower the test strip into the water for a few seconds and see how the color of the squares changes. here we will now have some pink squares. this is moscow tap water. we have moderate and ordinary tap water, drinking water that we can drink. by the way, once again , i can always pour huge water from the tap with my children, it’s already possible. and moscow water is already of sufficiently high quality, the methods of water purification have already changed, if before there was only chlorination with molecular chlorine. now
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ozonation is completely different cleaning methods for preparation, before the water from the pumping station hit your tap, so moscow drink water. it may be a little harsh, but it depends on whether it is definitely better than from these terrible bottles. it may well be that we can evaluate mineralnye vody in the same way. hardness of mineral water. here we see that there are two squares. this is where the pink color is less hard. water is because the content of this mineral water is lower in magnesium and calcium ions, so this is a completely simple test that you can make yourself at home. you can test the water in your country house. there are tests for phan analysis, analysis the content of nitrates and so on, but you can drink water; analysis of calcium hardness; more calcium; magnesium is also useful for the body in moderate to moderate concentrations; and there are various metaphysical classifications of water. this is dead water, living water and fairy tales. this is holy water, baptismal water. after all, this is no longer scientific, not scientific approaches, but there are various waters in the human body, this free water, which we have is intercellular water. it is water associated with
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proteins, and rather carbohydrates and fats in our body. such is the water still sometimes a woman has year departs. yes, yes, that happens too. uh, there 's water characterization, bottled spring water, there are various tals, and so on and so forth. that is, we can come up with a huge number of different, but ways of classifying water, and most importantly, that, but no matter how conf. of water. we must understand that water is necessary. e for our body is always and we can even draw some analogies, for example, and if we consider heavy water, deterred water the content of heavy water in our ordinary drinking less water about less than 0.1%. but if we only drank heavy water with you, then, most likely, ours are with you. ah, bodily functions. our enzymes functioned differently due to the flood exchange of hydrogen, would change to iteria, hydrogen. we have a change in a week, it would change to the information of proteins, enzymes, these enzymes would not work the way they work now, so heavy water, and not so useful, but this is not a fully
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proven fact, but it's hard in general, yes at school they taught that just h2o there, it turns out, is deuterium calcium magnesium there in general, what is it? no, everything, we learned wrong. yeah add. actually. today the main issue is fresh water. where do they get drinking water from? uh, i wanted to say, in general, are there any definitions for fresh water and salty, when can we consider fresh water as salty, so in such sciences that i do, this is hydrology of cynology, and the division, uh, fresh and first brackish. this is about 1 g per liter, why is 1 g per liter what kind of value is this value of mineralization, when which a person begins to feel salty tasty, but 1%. it's about 1%, yeah and uh, what's less than one percent is called fresh water. it can be there ultrapressed or simply fresh, and then a whole class of various water bodies,
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which are not only salty. in fact, the division is even more interesting and there is brackish water, for example, e w. one lake, issyk-kul. he only has five ppm. it is barely salty, barely salty . let's say. uh, 10 ppm off the caspian is also brackish water. and then we increase salinity, say, and 24.7 is considered this border between brackish and salty water. here it is the black sea 17 ppm, and let's say in our example it is 17 per cent. uh, 17 ppm one and seven percent. it's already salty. uh. no, it's salty. here are the borders of 24.7 ppm. why is this value? this is connected precisely with the property of water with the peculiarity of the processes that take place in reservoirs, when the mixing of water begins, convection freezes there. this is the boundary
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between concentrated fresh water reserves. me on in fact, you can even directly specifically in countries. here our kapustin said that russia and brazil i was recently at the shushenskoye nuclear power plant and there they have this reservoir, which is a human being behind the shushenskoye nuclear power plant. oh, the shushenskoye hydroelectric power station, and they call it practically the sea. and they said that the strategic fresh water reserves of russia are taking water. yes, let's have fresh drinking water. yes, as our profession already told him, really fresh water is concentrated in the line. oh more. yes, this is about 70%, and underground waters, and then what is most important for us is slats and lakes, er, glaciers and underground waters are difficult to access. indeed, russia occupies one of the leading places, because after brazil it is the second largest reserve of these river waters, and among the main countries that have it. this is canada is respectively the first
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place of brazil china ah hmm respectively india those who have large reserves. here are these personal e yulia viktorovna and what countries are now provided with fresh and ordinary water. i would she said and emphasized who else is the most, because the question of calculation is very important, what he did lies in the details and the question is somewhat of you in general . and how much water is there, for example, per person who lives in this territory, and the data here are very different. russia is definitely in the top ten. i would say in the top three , but brazil is definitely the leader both in terms of the amount of water per person and in total volumes. but who should we cooperate with in order to make the international water exchange and trade it successful nevertheless. i will slightly shift our discussion from the theory of economics, and aside money is also there, i propose to unite with venezuela
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, brazil, and then we, with this trio of them, i will surely be able to hold the market in terms of volume. yes, but because there are a lot of strange things, even the first in terms of oil reserves, in principle, i agree, you can pump a good smell, a good partner. and by the way, oil production, it is directly related to fresh water, as we are, well, because if you don’t have fresh water, you won’t be able to get a bar or even get it, therefore, when gaddafi was bombed, their underground water reservoirs, which were created, were first bombed, and only then wells, so here. xia ya emphasized the issue of water, it is economically very significant, and here are those countries that in central asia in particular are experiencing a constant shortage, and water, and climate migration is such a serious process that is taking place in african countries, and this is all connected, and with the fact that the planet earth is alive
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and the redistribution of water, and due to climatic change happens every day climate migrants. yes, these are different assessments of different experts. er, they are becoming a significant threat to many countries, but we, for sure, will also come to us, a water-rich country, and we must expect and prepare for this future. we'll be back again. let's take a break for a drink while advertising on ntv don't miss it on central television. the sanctions are not over yet, the states are going to bring things to default, and europe will fence itself off from russia with the great european wall, but how will they split the european unity? why elections in european countries are won by politicians who are ready to be friends with russia transport blockade of kaliningrad why could europe's possible decision to close the borders of the russian enclave be a weighty pretext
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psychics can do we hope someone will surprise us with the film and again a documentary cycle, scientific investigation by sergei mazemov on saturday 15:00 at ntv program science and we are on the air a program about how science will change our lives, in the next 10 years in 10 years humanity will die of thirst and this will definitely change our lives in this is our expert professor kapustin the problem of lack of fresh water. can be solved in many ways, probably the most reasonable is wastewater treatment and recycling . perhaps delivery from water- abundant regions. for example, icebergs from the arctic to the antarctic or water conduits from alaska and siberia to the south, large reserves of water are under the seas, sometimes fresh water is not deep. desalination with the help of nuclear reactors can become very promising. thirty years of experience in the
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caspian sea showed a positive result. is the transportation of water impossible or too expensive, local installations for obtaining water from the air can come to the rescue, and here, of course, i cannot but boast that the most advanced installations developed by my son at the university of berkeley work these installations due to sunlight, there are also other methods and nevertheless. i very much hope that after some thought, our authorities will return to the turn of the northern rivers to the south. wow dmitry andreevich well, it really is. what are the methods of obtaining fresh water. well, if you say so, not insipid, yes, there are indeed many different methods today. all the countries of the persian gulf, israel, and so on, and desalinate water using reverse osmosis - these are large installations where, under high pressure, sea water is forced through a semi-permeable membrane, ions, salts,
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remain. clean water passes through the membranes and we get a cascade of such membranes allows us to purify water to a ionized state, when we do not have any obvious areas of salts, generally up to 0% 0% yes , after that, of course, this water should be minimized, of course, so that we can eat it with you, but because you can’t drink ionized water for a long time, because it will wash out salts from our body in the same way, therefore, the reverse osmosis method is one of the most promising and it is used not only at large stations, for example, we recently designed and installed in our mouth, but on our e, southern resort. and small installations of 500 m³ per day for desalination of sea water to supply the boarding house with fresh water, because there was a shortage of fresh water for the guests during the season. how much energy is needed to press a lot with this press, it is not energy-consuming, but the use of more advanced membranes. everything lowers lowers the cost of the final water, and uh,
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it's about two to three times cheaper anyway than using, and nuclear energy is like a boiler. ok then. here today they already said that two billion people suffer from a lack of fresh water, some solutions will appear in the future, but a problem. or, well, it's still going on. here is the conversation, as it now means, and here i completely disagree. regards professor turn that turn. i think that this question is closed too edious these were projects and there were so many shortcomings. yes, yes, the ussr is admired, therefore i myself am against such large transshipment projects. although in small areas there may be, but they certainly the same water supply of moscow helps, and it is also solved with the help of a canal that transfers part of the volga water, and to moscow it has
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been our source for two years - this is moskvoretskaya water and volga water. and now, through the canal, we are transferring part of the volga water to other ways, which are also quite a lot, let's say now, to use technologies that significantly improve the amount of water needed for the production of industrial products. these are water saving technologies. it is circulating water supply and reached certain successes. these are dry technologies. and we have such successes in russia, say, in the production of one-ton oil, but it was used before. 35 cubic meters now, due to the introduction of these dry technologies, is one and a half meters of total cubic meters, and in the production of cellulose, such results have been achieved. in short, implementation. these modern technologies can significantly save water in agriculture. e as much as you like drip irrigation. and we can e use those crops that
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possibly consume not only fresh, but also slightly saline water is weakly mineralized and in israel a state that suffers from uh water shortage, nevertheless, it sells food. this is an amazing fact. they have introduced so many interesting technologies that the whole world can use, so, well, do not drink less, but just spend efficiently. we also have technologies that are only at the experimental stage. this is what will happen there in the next 10-20 years. and this is, let's say, the cure of water from fog, right? special fixture network which they are placed across the air currents and condense moisture; they condense water and quite large volumes of water can be obtained from primorsky, for example. uh, regions or shall we say now? well, also well known, and the impact of artificial impact on cloud systems, yes.

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