every day from 4 p.m. until 4:00 a.m., flower growers are allowed to deliver their flowers to our auction, bringing their goods. each grower fills out a mandatory electronic form, in which he writes his name, variety of flowers and quantity , after which he briefly describes the quality of his product, then local flower experts get down to business. they carry out careful sanitary and so-called technical control. only after that the flowers go to the auction. more than 2,000 representatives of wholesalers and retail firms of the planet take part in the auction, both buyers who are present directly in the auction room, and buyers who are in their office or at home. they monitor the auction and make purchases online. two screens highlight the characteristics of the product, the price and the volume of a particular flower lot after the auctions of holland itself, only 15%

of all the plants presented at the auction, the remaining 85 are sent all over the world. first to wholesale , then to retail, and then to consumers a system for selling flowers at the val smiere auction, in an original and effective way. first, the maximum price of a batch of certain colors appears on the scoreboard, then. it gradually decreases until the first application is received at the flower auction , almost all the flowers in the world are sold. carnation roses. orchids, daffodils, gerberas, chrysanthemums, tulips alone. here they sell 3.5 million, and an increase of four times the price of flowers directly depends on their quality and quantity before the start of the auction. we usually don't know. which the number of growths of tulips or orchids we have, if there are a lot of them, the starting prices will be slightly lower, if there are few of them, the prices will creep up, right at the time of the auction, the batches just sold are transported to buyers by electric cars, without delay the flowers are sent further to their destination. dutch tulips

end up in flower shops in france or germany in 2-3 hours. and roses from mexico or kenya fly straight to japan or singapore. now we are in the room next to the auction. this is a research center here our experts carefully study the flowers delivered for sale and conduct all kinds of experiments with them. for example, it imitates the transportation of flowers from the manufacturer to the customer or recreates them under the conditions of flower storage in salons and stores to conduct such flower tests in the premises of the research center, experts create the necessary temperature regime. for several days , they carefully observe how certain plants tolerate the conditions of temperature changes, how quickly they fade. do their petals crumble, all this and much, the other information is entered into a special report later, it is sent to both the grower and the seller and the buyer - the largest flower auction in the world. the flowers begin to work before dark. the product

is perishable, and therefore it is necessary to have time not only to buy them profitably, but also to deliver them in a short time to various parts of the world with the latest problems. no, flowery it was smeiri located next door to the international airport with a hip-hop from there, without delay, flowers literally fly to consumers in 140 countries from in japan and before russia, a diamond is a faceted diamond, a diamond, brilliant in french, diamonds are valued according to the 4-7 kert system, weight in carats. claire frequency cauer color and, of course, cad cutting, diamond cutting is a fabulously complex process, an expensive stone can be destroyed, or you can increase its value . they say diamonds are forever. and this is true indeed. diamond is a modification of carbon

that can exist indefinitely. if this mineral is cut to make a diamond, then its value will increase many times over, it is estimated that more than 20 tons of diamonds are mined annually in the world, while only a fifth of them can be turned into jewelry, this is done in one of the most literally precious european cities. it is difficult to see in amsterdam quite often it is cloudy and rainy here. but in amsterdam you can see real diamonds of almost any shape, any weight and any value. only in the hands of an experienced craftsman does a diamond turn from a raw, that is, not polished, shining luxury, correctly applied facets, combined with a high reflection coefficient of the diamond, give rise to that very play of light. diamond cutting, in fact, is a tradition to minerals of a geometrically regular shape of a polyhedron, symmetrical faces. at the same time, for

each diamond, its own shape and its cut are selected, the most rational in terms of mass conservation. however, the value and beauty of a diamond largely depends on the skill and imagination of the limiters. diamond is the hardest mineral and it is cut with a diamond. true, it is no longer jewelry, and technical, more precisely, with various tools made on the basis of technical diamonds, when the work of a jeweler is over, professional himologists get down to business, people who know everything about precious stones, first of all, how to distinguish a real diamond from a fake made of glass or zircon? one of them is igor oleinik, leading expert of a large dutch jewelry company headquartered in amsterdam, if the stone is quite large, then you can just draw a straight line on paper and a pavilion up, that is, in this way, put a stone and look through the bow from above. uh, through natural diamond uh, the straight line will always be refracted, that is , it will bend in and out, if it is, uh,

zircon , the straight line will always remain straight. and mineral evaluation. the valuation of diamonds is made on the basis of price lists, which are regularly reviewed; on average, this happens once a quarter, diamonds are bought at 1,000 carats in a box. we never know what is in them called a pig in a poke, that is, a katyk. this is a dutch expression. there are always high quality diamonds, high quality diamonds. that is, e is also found in colored and white, and what is called e, production is what is used in the production of the most expensive diamonds. the red ones are a bit cheaper these days. their blue diamonds are worth it. they average 250.000 euros per carat, the rarest pink diamonds are due to the fact that today they are mined. they are only on on the territory of australia for gem diamonds

, several types of cut are most common, for example, semi-leant, containing from 12 to 32 side faces. and, of course, there are diamonds from forty-eight to 240 or more facets. in fact, there are about 300 varieties, but the most classic toy diamonds, the princess oval and the marquis, are what is most often sold and bought by customers, say, up to 60%, others words, most of the precious mineral becomes diamond. however, looking at the remaining you involuntarily forget 40% of those sixty, and anyone with the result of the painstaking work of amsterdam jewelers fully understands the validity of the well-known thesis diamonds are forever. the polish city of gdansk began as a settlement of the

prussians after the fourteenth century, gdansk was the possession of the teutonic order, then the polish king casimir. iv then went to prussia in 1919 under the treaty of versailles, gdansk was declared a free city under the control of agdansk our correspondent dmitry vozdvizhensky. gdansk remained a free city until 1939. on march 21 of this year, hitler demanded in an ultimatum form the transfer of the gdansk danzig to germany on september 1, 1939, germany announced the entry of danzig into the third reich, and german troops attacked the polish post office in gdansk and a small

garrison located on the westerplatte peninsula in 1920, intended for the soviet-polish war, and then the military warehouse was located on the westerplata peninsula. it was according to him that by the thirty-ninth year, which turned into a small ford at 4 hours 45 minutes and opened fire, arriving on a friendly visit to a formally training battleship. iron holstein, the germans, planned to capture the westerplat in a couple of hours after the shelling from the battleship, the infantry went on the offensive, but in response, the poles opened a hurricane, which was an unpleasant surprise for the germans, as a result, the defense of the small fortress turned into a bloody battle that lasted. for a whole week, german troops lost about 200 soldiers killed. and the same number of wounded polish losses amounted to only 16

another 50 defenders of the westerplat were wounded. today, the cannons of pleasure galleons are also fired here every day, saluting the numerous guests of the city, among which there are many tourists from germany every hour a large, stylized as an old ship departs from the gdansk embankment, which sails past the old abandoned docks and piers and heads towards the westerplat. it means for the poles no less than the brest fortress for the inhabitants of russia on october 9, 1966, and here was the twenty-three-meter granite monument dedicated to the defenders of westerplat , most of whom survived that war, polish historians found out that out of 182 people who repelled the first attack of world war ii , 158 were solemnly opened

. this is what all the dirt looked like. after the end of the second world war, the city lay in ruins, 90% of the houses were destroyed and everything that looks old today was either reconstructed or simply rebuilt. moreover, the process of restoring the city continues and today, first of all , the most valuable cathedrals and costumes , palaces, historical streets, were restored . only here, you can probably understand what this beautiful city experienced

70 years ago. historian tomashko, geneva tells that before the war. it was an unusual place in the 14th-15th centuries in gdansk in the city center 15 cathedrals were built, the most important was the marian that is, dedicated to the virgin mary, he was the embodiment of the ambitions of the inhabitants of the city, who then actively traded and became rich, the city flourished. marian costume, both then and now, the most important church in the city of gdansk and the largest brick church in europe, it was built for 160 years and completed only in 1502 during world war ii, it was badly damaged and then was built almost anew. now it is again the main pride, the city of gdansk, which, according to archaeologists, arose back in the eighth-ninth centuries, although the first documentary evidence of years refer to the year 997, that is, by the end of the tenth century in 1361 the city of gdansk

becomes a member of the hanseatic. union all the wealth of the surrounding lands. and so grain, herring, wood passed through this largest port. this time is rightfully considered the golden period in the turbulent past of the city. the phantom mouse, who is a member of the gdansk history society, believes that everything built in gaza times must be returned again . we believe that the granaries on the strelka must be restored to their original form. need to to recreate the look of the old city, but there is another group of architects who want to do everything in a new way, there is currently a discussion in newspapers and magazines about how it will be better, while they are still leaning towards the modern version, but we believe that this is wrong, as it were the fate of gdansk did not work out in the future, it will be forever. inscribed its name in european and world history once again

gdansk loudly declared itself in the eighties, when the fall of communist regimes in europe began in 1980 cars and workers' strikes began in polish cities protests led by an independent association of trade unions solidarity, led by dashing in alliances by an electrician from the gdansk lenin shipyard, the polish labor movement played an important role in the collapse of totalitarian regimes in eastern europe in the immediate vicinity of the old granaries naruto an elegant palace built at the end of the royal road stretching from the upper golden gate, today the name of the green gate is inextricably linked with the name of the lekhvalens, when a simple electrician of valens worked at the gdansk shipyard. he probably could not even imagine that over time his office

would be located in the green gates of the royal residence of gdansk, in which the kings really never lived, it was too noisy, because the port is nearby. . they fit perfectly now for many poles gdansk - this is the place where their path to freedom began and that is how the path to freedom is called the exhibition recently opened in one of the former bomb shelters in gdansk. the way to freedom exhibition begins with a presentation of everyday life in the polish people's republic in the late 1970s from a grocery store. as, probably, from its main manifestation, empty shelves and only two products are always on sale. it's mustard and vinegar. i asked the poles if it turned out to be true, that yes, there could be meat or bread, but

for some reason mustard and vinegar were always in stores, and there was still no freedom and many rights that the gdansk strikers stood for. here there were strong trade unions. after all , tens of thousands of people worked at this shipyard at that time, representing a well-organized force constantly shaken by strikes, one of the largest occurred in 1970, when 45 people died during a clash with the troops, from that moment the main political repressions begin. more, which ultimately leads to the creation of solidarity by viewing slides films on computers, numerous materials that are collected at this exhibition can be fully to feel the disturbing atmosphere of those years, which cost the lives of dozens of people, the strikers made 21 demands to the government. they were written on plywood accounts and nailed to the fence to gdansk

, these shields have survived to this day and are even included in the unesco world cultural heritage list there, they got under the name memory of the world, the compilers demanded the creation of free ones. trade unions freedom of speech rallies strikes. they sought from the authorities an increase in wages, taking into account growth. inflation prices decrease in pension age for women under 50, and for men under 55, they demanded that the population be provided with free comfortable housing. many of their demands still seem to be. chur optimistic, but one way or another on july 4, 1989, the first free elections were held in poland and the inhabitants of gdansk believe that this is largely their merit in a powerful

state. siam in indochina, except for thai lands. cambodia lanna entered. laos pepegu part of malaysia, it existed from the 13th century to the thirties, the last century and its siam reached its heyday in the 16th century under king narisuan the great and the monarchy and his grandmother in the plot of our correspondent dmitry chuvalo. ayutaya historical park, a huge complex consisting of picturesque ruins and majestic buildings, once it was the magnificent capital of a powerful kingdom, according to the buildings that have survived to this day, you can imagine how beautiful the ayutaya was. but it still stands firmly on a mighty foundation, which means

a golden mountain. it stands outside the city walls. in the middle of a vast field, but in spite of title. it is not covered with gold, but painted white. according to legend, in the 16th century, the great king drew here prayers before the decisive battle of the savings bank fought by the invaders and his ancestors. this graceful stupa was built in memory of the grandmother of narisuana pro with risoriotai, who accomplished a feat on the field, wearing armor in the midst of the battle on a war elephant, she rushed to the german soldiers. the heroic woman saved her husband, but the cook herself, in a fierce battle in the drawing at the end of the 16th century, inflicted a number of major defeats on the burmese. and managed to defend the independence of the country. however, ahead of the magnificent ayutaya, which turned into a center

of science, arts and trade, severe trials awaited. the main temple is the ayutation of the head of the local monks, built in the villages of gold, maintained relations with the king of france, louis xiv , whose ambassadors compared the ayutaya with paris in size and wealth, and the yutaya was a magnificent capital that amazed contemporaries with its size and luxury , such grace and taste. she was until the burmese again invaded these lands, and this times luck was on their side after 14 months of siege 40.000. german army. in april 1762 she entered the cosiness of it and burned the city to the ground in the fire burned priceless chronicles and works of art. the royal treasury was looted, and did not have time to escape to civilians, driven into slavery in burma. thus ended the history of one of the greatest cities in southeast asia of its time. this is a huge

bronze figure cast from several parts. buddha survived during the procession, though. as a result of the fire, it cracked and when the invaders left, the monks saw 12 golden female students inside. buddha soon a monastery near vatmahatat with an amazing statue that revealed its secret, such a difficult moment turned into a place of pilgrimage. and this buddha head is one of the most photographed objects in comfort. a rare tourist leaves here without a picture with his head as a keepsake after the departure of the germans. the ayutaya lay in ruins. maybe sometime in this place. in the main temple of the city there was a magnificent statue of the buddha of the obitai period, her body was never found, but over time, the roots of the tree lifted the head from under the ground up, turning it into a kind of symbol of time, acquired in such an amazing way. the stone head of the buddha has become a symbol of the

aidai renaissance. although again become the capital. it was never destined for her with a brave taxi not the great, the founders of the new royal dynasty of thailand became the capital of the country, the city of honduri, now one of the districts of huge bangkok, who refuses to acquire some old thing. however, when buying antiques, you run the risk of running into fake, and even criminals, among which there are many black archaeologists. they are not only robbers, but do not cause great harm to historical science and culture in modern thailand, a severe struggle is being waged against this evil in the sixties of the xx century. in thailand, strict laws were enacted to protect cultural property, and before that, the inhabitants of ayuthai. they could almost freely dig out of the ground, gold

ornaments of the statue, dishes and sell. foreigners, as a result, many priceless rarities ended up abroad in private collections of lack of antiquities. there have never been objects of gold here, and the builders of the ayutai laid other treasures in the foundation of each of the temples of the huge capital. one of the biggest robberies. the shrines in these parts occurred in 1957. moreover, the idea of ​​​​the robbers themselves, not wanting to get archaeologists who excavated in the royal palace underground on the lowest tiers of the palace, they discovered relics that are in accordance with ancient tradition. should have been forever. the attackers will stay there, thoroughly studied the information about the work of scientists and suggested that under the temple in cheburan's hell, which probably has no less valuables nearby, and they were not mistaken. the

interachi king had three sons and each of them ruled his city in 1424, when the monarch died and the eldest and middle brother wished to take his place. they moved troops against each other. and both fell in battle, heartbroken younger brother, went to the throne and ordered to build a beautiful temple on the resting place of his father. he named this temple watt racheburan in september 1957 criminal gold diggers did inside the main prang temple in a vertical las got to the treasury and stole a huge amount of things laid in the base with weapons. there were golden symbols in the royal power sword and crown, monarchs, opals and slippers, a dressing set of the finest workmanship, and many other items made of precious ones. piyalov by the most skilled craftsmen, but for the robbers all this was just a scrap of precious

metals, in order to drag what they found through a narrow caress, they mercilessly bent and broke priceless religions, most of the things, the robbers sold previously melted down the police found and arrested the criminals, but by that time a significant part of the artifacts. they have already managed to destroy the concrete staircase that leads lower and lower at the base of the temple; it was built by the department of fine arts in thailand so that anyone could see with their own eyes the treasury to hell, the cheburana, opened by robbers and the unique frescoes on its ceiling and walls. inside so crowded what to stand? and even then, bent over in three deaths, only one person can. here they are, half-wiped from moisture and time, the unique frescoes of the burial chamber were assumed to be after the completion of the construction of wat-ratchiburan. they will never appear before

people, however, fate. ordered otherwise , further excavations showed that the three-level base was surrounded by five satellite crypts, in which archaeologists discovered 618 golden figurines of gods, a golden pagoda with a piece of buddha's relics, and many other items, and the ingenious labyrinth of the interior under the temple, as it turned out, could compete with the complex the internal structure of the egyptian pyramids. items miraculously preserved and found with great difficulty are now in the museums of thailand. and we can only admire the talent and skill of siamese builders and jewelers and guess. what other treasures can be hidden in the foundations of many other magnificent and mysterious structures? not only the reader to watch

the plots of the program. you can visit their morals.tv.ru website, our today's program has come to an end, travel with us. travel by yourself meeting in a week with their manners on the ntv channel

. you just look at this less. why did you come? selling drugs to kids? i want a normal thing.