in the first half of the 17th century, the russian emperor built his eurasian bulk, the eternally young empire, winning a place for russia in a close circle. so to say, friends for him, ukraine was his russian land, the patrimony of which he was not going to share with anyone. on may 30, 1672, the one whom alexander sergeevich pushkin calls a revolutionary on the throne and the northern russian giants who opened a window to europe peter i was born , it would be too presumptuous to review the entire reign of peter in one lesson, so we will

talk about the southern affairs of the first russian emperor, the capture of azov by ukrainians and ukrainian cossacks. here, too, materials are abundant. so what was the ukrainian question on the eve of the birth of peter in ukraine, the majority of the population did not call themselves ukrainians, but cossacks, in fact. that ukraine was a huge involuntarily paramilitary settlement between poland , the ottoman empire and russia, having suffered with the poles, ukraine chose an alliance with russia in 551 , 20 years before the birth of peter, when ukraine was still under the poles from ukraine came to russia refugees. and since ukraine was a cossack paramilitary settlement, the refugees went in regiments , the first attention was five, regiments, sumy, izyum, akhtyrsky kharkov and ostrogozhsky. sumy raisins. moreover, kharkov is everything. you hear it

in the news all the time, five of these colonels were settled near the border and called sloboda cherkasy cossack regiments. now you sometimes hear how the current political kiev and all sorts of rogues there demand the expansion of the territory of ukraine at the expense of various russian lands. it this is where the refugees came from and they were resettled now in kiev, some believe that this is their land, as it were . to get used to then was the reunification of ukraine with russia, a long russian-polish war as a result, which made it possible to annex the left-bank ukraine, while the right-bank remained with the poles. but this does not mean at all that everyone on the right-bank ukraine liked it. not at all, 2 years after the birth of peter in 1674, another came to russian citizenship 10 regiments. already on the right of berezhnoy ukraine belotserkovsky white church. we also often

heard in the news recently, kanevsky umansky podolsky and so on. that is, once again , a huge number of people lived on the right bank, who a priori considered themselves russians and moved to russia to live here or, on occasion, having gained strength to return back and liberate the fatherland from polish possession. this is how the ukrainian question looked in those years when peter was growing up, what was the main ukrainian problem at that time in connection with joining russia part of ukraine changed landowners. instead of the poles, cossack chieftains became landowners, and this, alas, was accompanied by excesses, then they would quarrel among themselves and blame everything on russia, then the poor cossacks were already rebelling against their landowners under it, and russia would have to deal with all this with another important problem, when was crimea crimea, of course, had nothing to do with ukraine; it was a vassal territory of the ottoman empire, however, the don zaporozhye

cossacks are officially in russian documents. khokhlachi were periodically called, they had been attacking for a good hundred years, crimea and dreamed of capturing it and conquering too much evil brought the crimean khanate too many cossack girls were taken there in full, too often destroyed and burned cossack towns, the crimean hordes had their own scores with the cossacks, in general , well, russia needed crimea , among other things, because the hordes went from crimea with enviable constancy to moscow itself, burned cities, towns from everywhere, too, took away tens of thousands full for sale. but back to the pre-petrine times the crimean campaigns of prince golitsyn in 1687 and the eighty-ninth years of luck were not crowned 40,000 lost during the first campaign of our army and another 20,000, lost in the second, without any battles at all, solely due to the lack of normal supply of water and diseases , the movement of russia to the south must necessarily it was necessary to rest against the natural limits of the black and azov seas and assign to the russian state

all the black sea shores inhabited then by the tatars, who were under the rule of turkey, wrote the historian nikolai ivanovich kostomarov in at the age of 23, young peter knew perfectly well that the solution of the issue of possession of the sea was the most important political task of his state and began to solve this problem. at the beginning of 1695, peter announced his first azov campaign, out of the 120,000 strong of the sovereign's troops, 31,000 were allocated . defining command in person. golovin or fort in tsaritsyn troops. arrived on 8 june found salt and provisions. the contractors didn’t supply horses, they stole them, they began to look for someone, they found someone no, but the russian soldiers dragged weapons and other burdens on themselves for three days didn’t get to the cossack town, from where along the don

on june 29 a goat detachment of scots in the russian service of patrick of the city found the city to azov by land on the road, the general built a bridge across the northern or seversky donetsk, recently the bridge blew it up, by the way, not cordon, of course, is different, but approximately on the same in the very place, instead of the expected three weeks , gordon's detachment traveled from tambov to cherkassk in 2 months. but at that time he held, a strong turkish garrison numbering 8,000 people on august 5, peter i will undertake a general cord of the turks beaten off on september 27, a second attempt will follow. also unfortunate happened, then the betrayal of a foreign dutch engineer. jacob jansen. he ran over to the turks and told the enemy how it was more clever to attack from support to the positions or the fort , thanks to the courage of patrick gordon, the crawl was repulsed, but the siege of azov had to be lifted and retreated randomly. many drowned during the flood of the dnieper, died, then on the march from hunger and the

onset of early winters. but during the siege. peter fully appreciated the state benefit of the kazakh estates in the same 1695. he will abolish the law prohibiting the cossacks from arable land on pain of death, rooting, thereby serving and military cossack estates. as a living outpost of the empire on the southern border, fighting and growing bread is a matter for muscovites. the usual same sagittarius warriors and tillers at the same time just gardeners in moscow, patchwork unlike the local steppe expanse, failure woke up in peter as it happened before and will repeat in his case and again an attack of frenzied energy, he arranges a version of voronezh the empire needs a fleet to transport food grain to the army and, of course, to seize the turkish azov, on the way and the key to the black sea, an instrument of pressure on istanbul and the crimean khanate in voronezh, peter makes flat-bottomed cossack strugas 1,300 whole pieces, but not only in

voronezh for taking. azov was built 23 galleys. two ships, four brandenders at the same time , 26,000 people, sent from the cities of ukraine along the line, worked on the construction of the new azov fleet. evaluate the scale of logistics, construction, however less was the embarrassment of the workers. a cruel winter ran in. the cold fettered the speed, fires often occurred. by the steel will of peter in the first days of april, they began to launch here. on may 3, the caravan moved down. paldonu was again commander-in-chief, this time generalissimo shane was appointed admiral of the fleet. everything, the same leford, the whole army was 40,000 people. the tsar himself, with the rank of captain peter alekseev, was on the built inhaler. named for principles, on the advice of gordon, the russians erected opposite azov above the city walls. zemlyanoy val, 12,000 people participated in this, the azovites, who attempted to interfere with the work, were

scattered by the russian flotilla, which entered the sea of ​​\u200b\u200bazov . it prevented the turkish fleet from assisting the russian and don cossacks besieged on july 17, went on an attack, the turks repulsed it, but the next day, realizing the hopelessness of the situation and negotiating the right to leave the city with weapons and families. the traitor janson surrendered. he asked tours to cut off his head, but the turks did not betray him in moscow . a week has passed and already july 23, 1696 peter i signs a decree on the restoration of those damaged during the assault on the fortification, but the speed becomes yasnaya gavan. azov is small and not suitable for basing the entire fleet, and in the neighborhood they are laying the city and port of taganrog, which, by the way, the current political kiev also claims in a strange way. well, if peter the great is your king, then you certainly have the right to russification. azov, peter sent 3,000 families from the lower don towns there. in

addition, it was decided to keep 3,000 troops here until from the moment of the final settlement of the city by russians, the first large russian fleet arose on the azov and not the black or baltic seas. it was tsar peter who forced the boyar duma to adopt a resolution for sea vessels to be, therefore, on october 20, 1689. russia celebrates the birthday of the russian fleet. this is how the decree obligated the church and the boyars to give kumpanstvo or artels, and from every 8,000 church and 10,000, placing yards, build ships all two pieces a year, having learned about the oligarchic deviations from the obligations taken, peter threw the church and to build 19 more ships by the boyar artel, and six more by merchants. do you know how all this is called together the master plan for the development of accounting and control is the main question that the pereyaslav rada answered in 1654. if you think about it, this is a question about the orthodox, that is, about the right of

ukrainians to remain orthodox people, that is, russians. then it was synonymous with the struggle for the right to remain oneself, not to become a uniate or a catholic, to be baptized and die according to the orthodox rite. keep faithful to the memory of the fathers or spared in foundation of all polish ukrainian wars in the first half of the 17th century. the support of this struggle of course, the orthodox church and the infernal estate became the most natural way, but one thing is the will-expression of the people, and another thing is politics, as we have already told the ataman and hetman, there are no little russian kazakhs. no, yes, they decided that there would be, as it was called, affectionate and the polish king and the crimean khan, the sultan and the russian tsar, whoever gives, more to that and the service in this context, the conflict between peter and the atamans little russian zaporozhye was, alas, inevitable, the russian emperor erected his eurasian thunder, eternally young empire, winning a place

for russia in a close circle. so to say, friends for him, ukraine was his russian land, an patrimony that he was not going to share with anyone, not with the enemy charles the twelfth no with his sworn friend and ally more than once, who betrayed the polish king augusts not with the turkish soltan and even more so with the best, so say the people of little russia kazakh senior and hetman oligarchs. must be equidistant from the state. remember the principle of his romanovs inherited from the ruriks along with the country. yes, and there can be no oligarchs for the autocrat of the russian serfs, whom he is free to execute or favor, and so patriarch adrian, who did not dare to contradict the sovereign in anything, died in 1700 and peter, by the way, did not rush to elect a new patriarch. why did he do this, but why if henry the eighth of england

had to invent the anglican church to further centralize power and the state, then peter acted, well, without becoming more elegant, without breaking off an important orthodox tradition, he decided to simply postpone the patriarchy, appointing a place for the guardians of the throne as exarch of the metropolitan of ryazan. much more than questions of power, and the power of the yegorskys was burdened by the ukrainian oligarchs of the early 18th century, but these mazepas and others, that’s where the hetmans questions the authorities, in contrast to metropolitan stefan, were interested most of all in the opportunity to cut both in the tail and in the mane of their own little russian. the population is precisely this is the main reason. why little russia? she did not follow ukraine, who betrayed peter with his hetman, mazepa, the hero of present-day ukraine, when he defected to the

swedes during the russian swedish war of the history of kostomarov, who are now political ukrainians. yes, and russians also sometimes consider about the ukrainian historian, nevertheless he wrote. listen carefully the interests of the common people were opposite to the interests of the elders and in general the rich and significant people of the kazakh class. the latter understood liberty in this. if a privileged class, like the polish gentry, ruled the whole country and used its economic forces at the expense of the rest of the people, the so-called czerni a are the common people of the little russian community. she wanted the complete equality of the universal cossacks go over to their side. the people of small towns became agitated, they began to form gangs to attack officials, landowners, rob wealthy

merchants, kill jews, and mazepa, who planned from the outside to deliver little russia, independence and freedom, had to admit that the people do not want such independence and freedom, but want a different freedom end of quote. here. how did the ancestors behave? there are only 3 current ukrainians, having learned that mazepa began a course towards rapprochement with europe. people followed him loyalty to peter the first union with russia recognized and a mace on hetman ivan ilyich skoropadsky, elected to the place of mazep , retained the kiev regiment of the mirgorod regiment of the prilutsky field. the chernigov regiment of pereyaslavsky the lubensky nezhensky gadyachinsky regiment, as well as part of the serdutsky poltava regiment, two hunting regiments in total about 10,000 infantry and 6,000, not counting families, as for the three thousand who left the water, the traitors fled to the convoy near poltava. at the very beginning of the battle, without having crossed weapons with

compatriots loyal to the tsar and russia, and resin russian cossacks from the don isterian and with eggs from the kalmyks to the tatars and from the entire regular russian army, the future empire relied in ukraine not on the crafty and cowardly nobility, but on the mass of the orthodox population less than a year after the battle of poltava on march 11, 1710. in to please peter publishes a manifesto on the prohibition of offending the people of little russia. this is how this manifesto was called, that it was written there so that no one would dare to call our tsarist majesty the faithful, subjects of the little russian people, to call people traitors for they are not guilty of this crime and they do not have enough reproach to endure the little russian people and the army of zaporozhye served us the great sovereign faithfully and did not pester mazepin's treason, about which they

accepted a worthy execution in treason, and other traitors and thieves. the cossacks, by the charm of his mazepin, left our little russian cities with him, that is, they fled. that's what the manifesto said, don't touch my little russians. our answer to the great baba vanga the unique activity of borisoglebsk whose hand heal, and the eyes see further than the rest, so i can see in my brain such an airplane falling with passengers. what predictions have already come true? what will happen next with ukraine who manages zelensky today, the full capital will be ukraine, he can, but it’s clear that he can escape to poland and the exact date when

the head of the terrorists will sign his surrender, we will find out the future on sunday at 6:00 pm on ntv all new books, and also your favorites, authors, artists and musicians. come to the main book festival of the country from the third to the sixth of june, red square. you can’t throw out the words from the song, it must be admitted that the cossacks and the zaporizhzhya donskoy, for all their dashing, extraordinary courage, anomalous for a war with a regular army, were far from always adapted to swoop in and roll back. that's it. they didn't know how to defend themselves in towns. were able to rebound. they were also good at taking towns, but they were able to fight in the field of troops against the army. yes, it's painful for a long time . yes, it's dreary, not quite their specificity. the russian tsar did not know about this on

january 24, 1707. peter wrote in a letter to the troops little russian irregular and in the field against rejection cannot become the head of the embassy order, ivanovich golovkin said on october 13, 1708. he reported about the same thing against the swedes, even if there were many cossacks. there is no benefit. to strengthen the southern borders after the azov victoria, the tsar streamlines the service of the sloboda cossacks under peter i, the kharkov izyum sumskoy akhtyrsky ostrogozhsky sloboda regiments are re-formed to the chuguev cossacks, bringing their number to five hundred, they add a detachment of the don yaik the lowest service in orel during the great northern war in 1801 was given the formation of the first cavalry regiment of 430 sabers under the command of maxim frolov, the son of atamanov rolls. minaev before that, the regimental structures of the

donets, these regiments did not exist as part of the sheremetyevo army fought, as part of the don cossacks, ukrainians always made up a noticeable part of the personnel. peter looked at the cossacks as troops subordinate to him and trying to use them in this capacity and remake them quality, as a result of me in little russia, the emperor fought with the cossack freemen in 1709 , the military ataman had long ceased to be elected. peter ordered to stop electing them, but they became mandated, that is, the territory of the don cossacks appointed from st. petersburg was cut off, a part was attributed to the voronezh province under peter, cossacks began to be resettled to protect the borders in the caucasus, where they were most effective and most needed by our empire. first , the don cossacks finally lost their status as independent of the russian tsar in 1721. on march 3 of that year, the troops were soon transferred directly subordination of the military collegium in st. petersburg, as regards the affairs of their own ukrainian. who, in april 1722, instead of the post of tsar

's voivode, under the hetman, peter establishes a little russian collegium. she had much more powers, possessed incomparably more power than the former little russian order. this is an interesting decision about colleagues, we think that this experience will be useful and to our contemporaries who make decisions today and now so colleagues created by peter first, took control of the ukrainian courts judged, secondly, the collegium took control of the collection of taxes so as not to enrich the hetmans and other oligarchs of that time, but to serve for the good of the fatherland and people who usually live on the earth as small people . thirdly. collegium catfish, now paid salaries to the military units of the ukrainian cossacks yes. this means that they were influenced by a direct fourthly colleague was obliged to quote a ban on the little russian foremen and a colonel to

exhaust the quote with work. kazakov, that is, took on the social function of protecting the working people of little russia, oppression, fifthly, colleagues, followed deployment of russian troops in ukraine and without it nowhere sixth colleagues were responsible for the creation of joint administrations, where ukrainian regimental commanders and russian officials. we jointly dealt with any complaints from the population. whose harassment colleagues settled in the city of glukhov in the sumy region , something made it possible to sharply strengthen st. petersburg's control over what is happening in the southwestern outskirts, the powers processes and speed up the speed of decision-making, trying on those events to our days, one can not be very mistaken to say, some kind of little russian colleague placed somewhere. there, in ukraine, a fishing line is capable of strengthening the very control of moscow over what is happening in the southwestern outskirts. peter the great kept the processes in his country, six points would not advise bad. we have already listed the donetsk lugansk regiments. we already have, by the way, now we are waiting for the

kharkov regiment of the izyum sumy odessa mariupol dnepropetrovsk and nikolaev regiments and the regular army under peter the great had 10 little russian regiments, in which 60,000 russian cossacks served, plus five more sloboda cossack regiments, where there were 16,000 people, in essence, are quite applicable, and for our days the alignment is now about hetms, as it was then the ukrainian elite in 172. this year, the bill was browed so that they were allowed to elect a hetman, to which peter answered in his hearts after your traitor mazepa i'm afraid that the new hetman will be a traitor, therefore, peter wrote, he himself will find a quote from a faithful and famous person. in the meantime, he is not found. this man is not to be bothered about this case. so, until the death of peter, malarussia lived, without hetman, only with colleagues, and finally one historical factor in the time of peter the great, due to numerous unrest in russia, for

one reason or another, major political ukrainian figures turned out to either run away from their own during a riot, or they would start stealing in such amounts that they were on the carpet , st. petersburg calls. in general, after the death of peter, having collected all these fugitives and fines, they were called chernysh savich colonel zhorakovsky and lizagub. the new russian government reported. to commemorate peter velikogo orders you to live without leaving st. petersburg so that the people of little russia will henceforth be ruined, there is no analogy, but we will wet more, alas, there will be many refugees from ukraine in all directions at all times who will be left in the capital who will be left back to ukraine will be sent to work tirelessly as the emperor commands. this is how it will be.

hello. this is the housing issue. i am ilya zapadenet with vika and kolya gotysh three beautiful sons. here they are, the eldest grisha and the middle arkash were diagnosed with autism, so all the strength and energy parents invest in their boys. i ’m right, yes, and there’s not enough time and energy to repair, so here the younger gleb and the middle arkash will have a comfortable bedroom that suits them, and grisha will be able to come here to play from his room.